scholarly journals Economic impacts of oil spills: Spill unit costs for tankers, pipelines, refineries, and offshore facilities. [Task 1, Final report]

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spills ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Unit Costs

OIL SPILLS IN NIGERIA: ARE THERE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (1) ◽  
pp. 300289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eloamaka Carol Okonkwo
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Social Impacts ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality ◽  
Economic And Social Impacts

Oil exploration and production results in various problems ranging from oil spills, gas flaring, habitat destruction, air and water pollution as well as land degradation. In this work oil spill will be singled out as main topic of discussion as it is one of the area in the oil industry that is been affecting the industry seriously in recent years. Oil spill can cause colossal damage which includes destruction of economic and social activities. The problems culminates into several impacts which include health, environmental, economic and social impacts. Over the years, so much attention is been given to the environmental and health impact of these spills. This work is going to go beyond this environmental and health impacts to the economic and social impacts. Economic impacts of oil spills generally include cost of clean-up and compensation, damage to agricultural lands, fishery and wildlife. Social impact on the other hand includes community conflicts, violence and frustration which leads to militancy, reduction in tourism and hospitality industries. The social and economic impacts actually go together in the sense that social impacts most times affects the economy. For instance, social impacts on tourism and hospitality industries causes reduction in jobs, poverty and revenue. In Nigeria, the impacts of oil spill appear more devastating owing to the fact that it is a developing country and that there is always political crisis in the country. Spills have caused deaths, destruction of farmlands, destruction of fishing industry, destruction of tourism facilities and cultural areas. In the Niger Delta Region, one can say that the impacts take different dimensions are many as spill and subsequent pollution is believed to be one of the main causes of militancy in the Niger Delta. This work looks at the socio-economic impacts of spills holistically and socio-economic impact specifically on the Niger Deltans and proffer solutions. A comparative approach will be used to analyse how socio-economic impacts of oil spills is being dealt with in some selected jurisdictions and the lessons Nigeria can learn from it putting into consideration the socio-economic and political situations. In doing that, formidable options available to Niger Deltans who are victims of oil spills will be explored. This will include options that will make the spillers accountable and responsible.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Economic Impacts of Sustainable Vertical Extension Methods for Existing Underground Spaces

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soo-yeon Seo ◽  
Byunghee Lee ◽  
Jongsung Won
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Construction And Demolition Waste ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Vertical Extension ◽  
Unit Costs ◽  
Construction Techniques

Without demolishing an entire existing building, it is possible to sustainably expand its underground spaces to enhance the building’s functionality. However, there have been a few relevant studies exploring this option, and they did not consider the financial feasibilities of underground vertical extension methods. Therefore, this paper analyzes the economic impacts of three sustainable vertical extension methods for existing underground spaces. The extension methods were the (1) bottom-up, (2) normal top-down, and (3) top-down with multi-post downward (MPD) methods. In order to analyze and compare the economic impacts of the underground vertical extension methods, 24 illustrative examples were generated in this paper. Construction costs of the three sustainable vertical extension methods for existing underground spaces are calculated and compared. Those are based on the quantity of used materials in the construction phase and dismantled materials in the demolition phase, as well as unit costs of each material. In addition, the structural stabilities of the examples are analyzed using MIDAS Gen 2017. As the results, the top-down method with MPD was the lowest sustainable method for vertically expanding underground spaces compared to other two methods under the same condition. Moreover, the higher the number of underground floors of existing buildings and the greater the number of extended basement floors, the more economically advantageous was the top-down method with MPD. Considering their structural stabilities and economic impacts of the extension methods help practitioners to select appropriate construction techniques and reduce costs, risks, and the amount of generated construction and demolition waste.

Ship Design Aspects of Oil Pollution Abatement

1971 ◽  
Vol 8 (03) ◽  
pp. 293-326
Author(s):  
E. Scott Dillon
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Pollution Abatement ◽  
Ship Design ◽  
Wash Water ◽  
Oily Water ◽  
Water Disposal ◽  
Alternative Solutions ◽  
Disposal Problem

The paper presents an overview of measures which can be taken in basic designs of ships to facilitate elimination of intentional oil discharges and minimize accidental oil spills in the event of collision or stranding. The author discusses economic impacts of alternative solutions for coping with oily ballast and oily wash water disposal. In like manner, various tanker compartmentations contribute to reduction of probable oil outflow from collision or grounding injury. Certain arrangements yield dual benefits of protection against accidental spills as well as clean-ballast capacity to partially or completely eliminate the oily-water disposal problem.

scholarly journals Economic Impacts of the Forest Industry in Florida, 2003

EDIS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 2005 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan W. Hodges ◽  
W. David Mulkey ◽  
Janaki R. Alavalapati ◽  
Douglas R. Carter ◽  
Clyde F. Kiker
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Press Release ◽  
Forest Industry ◽  
Final Report

Final Report to the Florida Forestry Association. Revised January 7, 2005. Press release 4/14/2005.

scholarly journals Economic Impacts of the Green Industry in the United States

EDIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2005 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles R. Hall ◽  
Alan W. Hodges ◽  
John J. Haydu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Advisory Committee ◽  
Community Forestry ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
The United States ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Green Industry

Final Report to the National Urban and Community Forestry Advisory Committee. Revised June 3, 2005.

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