scholarly journals A study of a container for long term storage of high level waste using finite elements. Task B.1, Structural analysis and design: The Waste Package Project at The University of Nevada, Las Vegas

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.G. Ladkany ◽  
B.R. Kniss
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Las Vegas ◽  
High Level Waste ◽  
Waste Package ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
High Level ◽  
The University ◽  
Term Storage

A Review Process and a Database for Waste-Package Documents

1990 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles G. Interrante ◽  
Carla A. Messina ◽  
Anna C. Fraker
Keyword(s):  
Information Needs ◽  
Review Process ◽  
Nuclear Regulatory Commission ◽  
Waste Package ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
High Level Nuclear Waste ◽  
Regulatory Commission ◽  
High Level ◽  
Term Storage

ABSTRACTThe work reported here is part of a program conducted by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission on the efficacy of proposed plans for radionuclide containment for long-term storage of high-level nuclear waste (HLW). An important element of that program is the review and evaluation of available literature on components of a waste package. A review process and a database have been developed and tailored to provide information quickly to an individual who has a question about a particular material or component of a waste package. The database is uniquely suited to serve as a guide to indicate special areas where data and information needs exist on questions related to radionuclide containment. Additions to the database are made as information becomes available, and this source is as current as the published literature. A description of the review process and the database is given.

Partitioning of High-Level Waste as Pretreatment in Waste Management

1983 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kubota ◽  
I. Yamaguchi ◽  
K. Okada ◽  
Y. Morita ◽  
K. Nakano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fission Products ◽  
High Level Waste ◽  
Flow Sheet ◽  
Storage Requirement ◽  
Solid Materials ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Deep Geological Disposal ◽  
High Level ◽  
Term Storage

ABSTRACTRemoval of the long-lived radionuclides from high-level waste (HLW) is a potential means not only for making wastes more acceptable in terms of long term hazards, but also for alleviating storage requirement. From these points, the authors are developing a method of partitioning actinides, Sr-90 and Cs-137 from HLW. A chemical flow-sheet has been constructed and experiments with actual HLW were initiated in 1982. Through the partitioning, active elements in HLW can be fractionated into 3 groups. Total volume of the solid materials of the 3 groups was calculated and found to be reduced to less than one-third of the volume of the vitrified material containing 10 wt% of fission products as oxide. Such volume reduction seems to facilitate the long term storage or the deep geological disposal of HLW.

Safety and Sustainability Implications of Long Term Storage of Radioactive Waste

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Rowat
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Spent Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Position Paper ◽  
High Level Waste ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
High Level ◽  
Term Storage

Storage and disposal of radioactive waste are complementary rather than competing activities, and both are required for the safe management of wastes. Storage has been carried out safely within the past few decades, and there is a high degree of confidence that it can be continued safely for limited periods of time. However, as the amounts of radioactive waste in surface storage have increased, concern has grown over the sustainability of storage in the long term and the associated safety and security implications. In response to these concerns, the IAEA has prepared a position paper [1] that is intended for general readership. This presentation will provide a summary of the position paper, and a discussion of some safety issues for further consideration. A key theme is the contrast of the safety and sustainability implications of long term storage with those of early disposal. A number of factors are examined from different points of view, factors such as safety and security, need of maintenance, institutional control and information transfer, community attitudes and availability of funding. The timing and duration of the process of moving from storage to disposal, which are influenced by factors such as the long timeframes required to implement disposal and changing public attitudes, will also be discussed. The position paper focuses on the storage of three main types of waste: high level waste from the reprocessing of nuclear fuel, spent nuclear fuel that is regarded as waste and long-lived intermediate level radioactive waste. Long term storage of mining and milling waste, and other large volumes of waste from processes involving the use of naturally occurring radioactive materials are not discussed. Specialist meetings were held last year by the IAEA on the sustainability and safety of long-term storage to establish and discuss the issues where a broad consensus exists, and to investigate areas where issues remain unresolved. Within the technical community, it is widely agreed that perpetual storage is not considered to be either feasible or acceptable because of the impossibility of assuring active control over the time periods for which these wastes remain potentially hazardous. For high-level and long-lived radioactive waste, the consensus of the waste management experts is that disposal in deep underground engineered facilities — geological disposal — is the best option that is currently available, or likely to be available in the foreseeable future.

scholarly journals Liquid materials for biomedical research: a highly IT-integrated and automated biobanking solution

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 347-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Popp ◽  
Romanus Diekmann ◽  
Lutz Binder ◽  
Abdul R. Asif ◽  
Sara Y. Nussbeck
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
It Systems ◽  
Complete Life Cycle ◽  
The University ◽  
Term Storage

Abstract Various information technology (IT) infrastructures for biobanking, networks of biobanks and biomaterial management are described in the literature. As pre-analytical variables play a major role in the downstream interpretation of clinical as well as research results, their documentation is essential. A description for mainly automated documentation of the complete life-cycle of each biospecimen is lacking so far. Here, the example taken is from the University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), where the workflow of liquid biomaterials is standardized between the central laboratory and the central biobank. The workflow of liquid biomaterials from sample withdrawal to long-term storage in a biobank was analyzed. Essential data such as time and temperature for processing and freezing can be automatically collected. The proposed solution involves only one major interface between the main IT systems of the laboratory and the biobank. It is key to talk to all the involved stakeholders to ensure a functional and accepted solution. Although IT components differ widely between clinics, the proposed way of documenting the complete life-cycle of each biospecimen can be transferred to other university medical centers. The complete documentation of the life-cycle of each biospecimen ensures a good interpretability of downstream routine as well as research results.

Comparison of Granite, Tuff, and Basalt as Geologic Media for Long-Term Storage of High-Level Nuclear Waste

1990 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Grandstaff ◽  
V. J. Grassi ◽  
A. C. Lee ◽  
G. C. Ulmer
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Nuclear Waste Repository ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Hydrothermal Experiments ◽  
Ion Activity ◽  
Activity Ratios ◽  
High Level Nuclear Waste ◽  
High Level ◽  
Term Storage

ABSTRACTSystematic differences in pH, cation/proton ion activity ratios, and redox have been observed between solutions produced in rock-water hydrothermal experiments with tuff, granite, and basalt. Stable pH values in tuff-water experiments may be as much as 1.5 pH units more acidic than basalt-water experiments at the same temperature and ionic strength. Redox (log fO2) values in 300°C tuff experiments are 4–7 orders of magnitude more oxidizing than basalt experiments and ca. 4 log units more oxidizing than the magnetite-hematite buffer. Such fluid differences could significantly affect the performance of a high-level nuclear waste repository and should be considered in repository design and siting.

scholarly journals Long-Term Storage and Use of Artificially Immobilized Anaerobic Sludge as a Powerful Biocatalyst for Conversion of Various Wastes Including Those Containing Xenobiotics to Biogas

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Senko ◽  
Marina Gladchenko ◽  
Olga Maslova ◽  
Elena Efremenko
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Acetobutylicum ◽  
Immobilized Cells ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Lignocellulosic Waste ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Anaerobic Consortium ◽  
High Level ◽  
Term Storage

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the possibilities of anaerobic sludge cells immobilized into poly(vinyl alcohol) cryogel for the methanogenic conversion of various lignocellulosic waste and other media containing antibiotics (ampicillin, kanamycin, benzylpenicillin) or pesticides (chlorpyrifos or methiocarb and its derivatives). It was established that the immobilized cells of the anaerobic consortium can be stored frozen for at least three years while preserving a high level of metabolic activity. The cells after the long-term storage in an immobilized and frozen state were applied for the methanogenesis of a wide number of wastes, and an increase in both methane yield and methane portion in the produced biogas as compared to the conventionally used suspended anaerobic sludge cells, was ensured. It was shown that the “additional” introduction of bacterial Clostridium acetobutylicum, Pseudomonas sp., Enterococcus faecalis cells (also immobilized using same support) improves characteristics of methanogenesis catalyzed by immobilized anaerobic sludge.

scholarly journals Microscopic and spectroscopic bioassociation study of uranium(VI) with an archaeal Halobacterium isolate

PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0262275
Author(s):  
Stephan Hilpmann ◽  
Miriam Bader ◽  
Robin Steudtner ◽  
Katharina Müller ◽  
Thorsten Stumpf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Rock Salt ◽  
Luminescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
High Level Radioactive Waste ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Term Storage

The safe disposal of high-level radioactive waste in a deep geological repository is a huge social and technical challenge. So far, one of the less considered factors needed for a long-term risk assessment, is the impact of microorganisms occurring in the different host rocks. Even under the harsh conditions of salt formations different bacterial and archaeal species were found, e. g. Halobacterium sp. GP5 1–1, which has been isolated from a German rock salt sample. The interactions of this archaeon with uranium(VI), one of the radionuclides of major concern for the long-term storage of high-level radioactive waste, were investigated. Different spectroscopic techniques, as well as microscopy, were used to examine the occurring mechanisms on a molecular level leading to a more profound process understanding. Batch experiments with different uranium(VI) concentrations showed that the interaction is not only a simple, but a more complex combination of different processes. With the help of in situ attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy the association of uranium(VI) onto carboxylate groups was verified. In addition, time-resolved laser-induced luminescence spectroscopy revealed the formation of phosphate and carboxylate species within the cell pellets as a function of the uranium(VI) concentration and incubation time. The association behavior differs from another very closely related halophilic archaeon, especially with regard to uranium(VI) concentrations. This clearly demonstrates the importance of studying the interactions of different, at first sight very similar, microorganisms with uranium(VI). This work provides new insights into the microbe-uranium(VI) interactions at highly saline conditions relevant to the long-term storage of radioactive waste in rock salt.

Modelling the Kinetics of Hydrogen Evolution on Metals for Nuclear Applications

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth R. Trethewey
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Evolution ◽  
Nuclear Materials ◽  
Electrochemical Tests ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
High Level Nuclear Waste ◽  
High Level ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Term Storage ◽  
Nuclear Applications

It is well known that some metals suffer damage caused by the evolution of hydrogen in certain conditions in nuclear applications. Of particular current interest is the use of alloys for use in containers for the long-term storage of high level nuclear waste. Calculations for the rates of corrosion of metals where hydrogen evolution is possible rely upon measurements of the reaction kinetics, but it is difficult to obtain reliable and accurate values for the kinetic constants. Standard electrochemical tests can be used, but the analysis of the results is complex because of the need to deconvolute the curves. This paper presents a computer model for the analysis of the data that is checked by its use on experimental data from a number of nuclear materials.

Doe Progress in Assessing the Long Term Performance of Waste Package Materials

1986 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Berusch ◽  
E. Gause
Keyword(s):  
Site Characterization ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Level Waste ◽  
Design Studies ◽  
Waste Package ◽  
License Application ◽  
High Level ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance

Summary:Each of the projects has made significant progress toward the eventual operation of a repository for the disposal of high-level radioactive wastes in the United States. Although much has been accomplished, much remains to be done. For example, the Site Characterization Plans for BWIP and NNWSI are nearing completion to be followed by initiation of site characterization activities. The Site Characterization Plan for the selected salt site is scheduled for completion later in 1987. Waste package advanced conceptual design studies are currently scheduled to begin at each project before the end of FY 1987. These efforts will lead to selections of concepts to be detailed in the license application design phase. Compliance with the NRC criteria that require long-term waste package performance will be demonstrated by DOE by performing all of the aforementioned activities. In doing so, the DOE will also be assured that its plan for the safe disposal of high-level waste will be satisfactorily implemented.

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