scholarly journals Lymphocyte Proliferation and Nitric Oxide-Producing Activities of Lupeol Isolated From Red Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Sri Wahdaningsih ◽  
Subagus Wahyuono ◽  
Sugeng Riyanto ◽  
Retno Murwanti
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Lymphocyte Proliferation ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
No Production ◽  
Cell Control ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Dragon Fruit ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hylocereus Polyrhizus

Background: Hylocereus polyrhizus has activities as antimicrobial agent, anti-hypercholesterolemia, anti-diabetic (diabetes mellitus), cardiovascular risk reduction, health supplement, and melanoma cell suppression. The extracts from the peels of H. polyrhizus were able to increase phagocytic ability, cell numbers and leukocytes and to influence relative spleen weights in the formation of body immune system in male rats. The fruit peels contained phenolics, flavonoids, carotenoids, and anthocyanins. This study investigated the active compounds of H. polyrhizus peels, which are able to increase immune system of human body.Materials and method: In vitro assay was applied to examine the active compounds, identified as lupeol, obtained from isolated extract of red dragon fruit for their lymphocyte proliferation and nitric oxide (NO)-producing activities. Lymphocyte proliferation assay was performed with 3-4.5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2.5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. The cell control was lymphocyte cell suspension in RPMI medium added with phytohaemaglutinine (PHA). The NO measurement was conducted with nitric solvent and Greiss reagent.Results: The ANOVA analysis of the average optical density (OD) of lymphocyte proliferation showed that the addition of isolated lupeol at the concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 µg/mL were able to improve lymphocyte proliferation and activate the NO production in the rats with treatment of positive control. Conclusion: Isolated lupeol at concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 µg/mL revealed significant difference with medium control and cell control. It was able to increase effects on lymphocyte proliferation and NO production. Therefore, the lupeol which was isolated might have high potential to be an immunostimulant.Keywords: Hylocereus polyrhizus, lupeol, lymphocyte proliferation, nitric oxide production

Effects of Ultrasonic Skeletonization of the Gastroepiploic Artery on Endothelial Nitric Oxide Production

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuro Terada ◽  
Shigeyuki Tomita ◽  
Yoshihide Asaumi ◽  
Yoshinao Koshida ◽  
Nobuki Ishikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Gastroepiploic Artery ◽  
No Production ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Electrosurgical Unit ◽  
The Right ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Endothelial Nitric Oxide

Objective The right gastroepiploic artery (GEA) is a reliable conduit for coronary artery bypass grafting. Recently, ultrasonic skeletonization in graft harvesting has attracted attention as an alternative technique to increase the length and caliber size of grafts. The influence of GEA skeletonization using an ultrasonically activated device with that using an electrosurgical unit was compared from the viewpoint of production of nitric oxide (NO). Methods Fourteen pigs were used in this study. The GEA were harvested using an ultrasonically activated device (group ultrasonically activated device [USAD], n = 7) or electrocautery (group E, n = 7). Blood sampling was performed at the following three times from the distal end of the GEA: (1) preskeletonization, (2) pedicle, and (3) postskeletonization. Plasma NOx (NO metabolites) levels were measured by chemiluminescent assay. Moreover, in excised specimens, the expression of nitric oxide synthase was examined immunohistologically. Results In group USAD, the preskeletonization basal level of plasmaNOx in GEA was 25.7 ± 10.9 μmol/L, which then increased to 26.9 ± 10.5 μmol/L (pedicle) and 32.2 ± 12.1 μmol/L (postskeletonization). In group E, the preskeletonization basal plasma NOx level in GEA was 28.9 ± 11.4 μmol/L, which changed to 27.5 ± 8.9 μmol/L (pedicle) and 21.8 ± 8.3 μmol/L (postskeletonization). The results of multivariate analysis indicated that the patterns of changes in plasma NOx level were significantly different in both groups (P = 0.024). In group USAD, post hoc multiple comparison tests revealed a significant difference between preskeletonization and postskeletonization (P = 0.037). Conclusions Ultrasonically skeletonized GEA showed increased effective graft length, higher free flow capacity, and increased endothelial NO production than that prepared using an electrosurgical unit.

Neuronal/Mitochondrial Nitric Oxide Synthase Homologous Deletion Recombinant Negative Mice (NOS1 −/−) Long-Term Bone Marrow Cultures (LTBMCs) Demonstrate Increased Longevity and Radioresistance of Derived Cell Lines.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 1355-1355
Author(s):  
Michael W. Epperly ◽  
Joel S. Greenberger ◽  
Shaonan Cao ◽  
Darcy Franicola ◽  
Hongmei Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Stromal Cell ◽  
Survival Curve ◽  
G1 Arrest ◽  
No Production ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bone Marrow Cultures ◽  
Mitochondrial Nitric Oxide Synthase

Abstract Neuronal NOS (NOS1) is localized to mitochondria. Ionizing irradiation results in influx of calcium into mitochondria stimulating production of nitric oxide (NO), and also increases production of superoxide which reacts with NO to produce peroxynitrite. Peroxidation of mitochondrial lipids, release of cytochrome C and apoptosis is directly related to mitochondrial peroxynitrite. We hypothesized that reduction of mitochondrial NO production should provide radioresistance. In addition, since ROS production is associated with aging NOS1−/− mouse LTBMCs should demonstrate greater hematopoietic longevity. LTBMCs established from NOS1 −/− mice demonstrated increased cumulative adherent cobblestone islands (adherent stem cell containing islands), production of total nonadherent cells, and cumulative day 7 and day 14 CFU-GEMM hematopoietic multi-lineage colony forming cells (over 65 weeks) compared to NOS1 +/+ controls (22 weeks) (p < 0.0001). Seven and 14 day CFU-GEMM production in nonadherent cell harvests from NOS1 −/− LTBMCs continued for 65 weeks compared to 15 weeks for NOS1 +/+ LTBMCs (p < 0.0001). Marrow stromal cell lines derived from NOS1 −/− and NOS1 +/+ culture were irradiated to doses from 0 to 800 cGy, plated in 4 well tissue culture plates, stained with crystal violet 7 days later and colonies of greater than 50 cells were counted. NOS1 −/− stromal cell lines had an increased shoulder on the survival curve compared to the NOS1 +/+ cells (n = 32.15 ± 1.21 and 10.47 ± 3.20, respectively, p=0.0026). Cell cycle analysis of NOS1 −/− and NOS1 +/+ cell lines following 10 Gy irradiation demonstrated a G1 arrest 6 hr after irradiation, in both; however, by 24 hr, NOS1 +/+ but not NOS1−/− cells resumed normal cycling. To determine whether the radioresistance of NOS1−/− cells was attributable to expected higher levels of antioxidants, cells were analyzed for glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). NOS1 −/− cells demonstrated increased GSH compared to NOS1 +/+ cells at 0, 30 min and 24 hr following irradiation (p < 0.0001) with no significant difference in GPX before or after irradiation. NOS1 −/− compared to NOS1+/+. IL-3 dependent hematopoietic cells from NOS1 −/− LTBMCs had significantly decreased apoptosis, 24 hrs following 10 Gy irradiation (5.3 ± 2.4 vs. 14.8 ± 3.3 %, respectively, p = 0.049). Therefore, reduction of NOS1 in bone marrow increases hematopoietic longevity in LTBMCs and radioresistance of derived cell lines.

Glutamate and Nitric Oxide Pathway in Chronic Daily Headache: Evidence From Cerebrospinal Fluid

Cephalalgia ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Gallai ◽  
A Alberti ◽  
B Gallai ◽  
F Coppola ◽  
A Floridi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Chronic Daily Headache ◽  
Central Sensitization ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Guanosine Monophosphate ◽  
Peripheral Sensitization ◽  
No Production ◽  
Neurokinin A ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Daily Headache

A central sensitization has been advocated to explain chronic daily headache (CDH) due to sustained peripheral sensitization of algogenic structures responsible for sustained trigeminovascular system activation. Several mechanisms have been suggested to underlie central sensitization, but have been poorly investigated in CDH. They involve N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activation and nitric oxide (NO) production and supersensitivity and increased and maintained production of sensory neuropeptides. The present study supports the above pathogenic mechanisms demonstrating a significant increase in glutamate and nitrite levels in the CSF of CDH patients, without a significant difference between patients without and those with analgesic overuse headache ( P < 0.0001 and P < 0.002). The increase in CSF nitrites was accompanied by a significant rise in the CSF values of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in patients in comparison with controls ( P < 0.0001). A statistically significant correlation emerged between visual analogic scale (VAS) values and glutamate, nitrites and cGMP. Although substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and to a lesser extent neurokinin A, were significantly increased in CSF compared with control subjects, their values did not correlate with glutamate, nitrites and cGMP levels in CSF in the patient group. The present study confirms the involvement of glutamate-NO-cGMP-mediated events underlying chronic head pain that could be the target of a new therapeutic approach which should be investigated.

scholarly journals Nitric Oxide Induces Resensitization of P2Y Nucleotide Receptors in Cultured Rat Mesangial Cells

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-321
Author(s):  
Ruisheng Liu ◽  
Antonio M. Gutiérrez ◽  
Avi Ring ◽  
A. Erik G. Persson
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Intracellular Calcium ◽  
Mesangial Cells ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
No Production ◽  
Calcium Stores ◽  
Receptor Desensitization ◽  
Glomerular Mesangial Cells ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Spermine Nonoate

ABSTRACT. Receptor desensitization of G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), which occurs during short-term (seconds to minutes) exposure of cells to agonists, is mediated by phosphorylation and receptor endocytosis. Recycling of the receptors is a requisite for resensitization of the response. The mechanisms that attenuate signaling by GPCRs are of considerable importance to regulation of intercellular signaling and maintenance of their ability to respond to agonists over time. This study evaluates the effect of nitric oxide (NO) on P2Y nucleotide receptor resensitization in cultured rat glomerular mesangial cells. The NO production in cultured mesangial cells was measured by using confocal microscopy and the fluorescence NO indicator 4,5-diaminofluorescein diacetate (DAF-2 DA). l-arginine increased and Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) decreased NO production significantly (P < 0.05). Calcium responses to ATP were measured with fura-2 and imaging techniques. Repeated stimulation with ATP results in receptor desensitization that is characterized by lower calcium peak amplitude. Desensitization was induced by challenging mesangial cells with four consecutive 2-min pulses of ATP (0.1 mM) separated by 4.5-min control perfusions. Intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) increase evoked by second, third, and fourth ATP challenges were about 40%, 26%, and 18% of the first one. The NO precursor, l-arginine (10 mM), and the NO donors, spermine-NONOate (500 μM) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) (1 mM), were added before and during a fourth ATP challenge. Spermine-NONOate and l-arginine induced a recovery of the [Ca2+]i response to the fourth ATP challenge (P < 0.01 and 0.05, respectively). The NO synthase inhibitor, l-NAME (5 mM), applied along with ATP, was shown to enhance desensitization. 1H-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo(4,3-α)quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ, 30 μM), an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase, was used along with l-arginine, SNP, or spermine-NONOate. There was no significant difference with or without ODQ. Neither ODQ nor 8-Br-cGMP, an analog of cGMP, at different concentrations showed effects on ATP-stimulated [Ca2+]i. There was no elevation of [Ca2+]i when the cells were challenged by different concentrations (1 μM, 100 μM, 1 mM, 20 mM, and 30 mM) of caffeine, caffeine plus ATP (0.1 mM), and 4-chloro-3-ethylphenol (100 μM, 500 μM, and 1 mM), a new agonist of ryanodine receptors. The results indicate that NO can increase the P2Y receptor resensitization in rat glomerular mesangial cells by acting through a cGMP-independent pathway. No evidence was found for the existence of ryanodine-sensitive intracellular calcium stores in rat mesangial cells.

scholarly journals Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Increases Hemoglobin Levels in Young Women

2018 ◽  
pp. 197-203
Author(s):  
Halida Thamrin ◽  
Budu Budu ◽  
Werna Nontji ◽  
Suchi Avnalurini Sharief
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Female Students ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Adolescent ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Dragon Fruit ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hylocereus Polyrhizus

Young women have a high risk of anemia, this is due to iron loss during menstruation. Female teenagers have an increased risk of anemia compared to young men because young women experience menstruation every month and the desire to reduce food so that the body lacks important nutrients such as iron. This study aims to determine the effect of dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) on increasing hemoglobin levels in young women. This study used an experimental design with pretest-posttes with control group design. The sample in this research is student Prodi DIII Kebidanan. The total sample of 32 female students was divided into 2 groups, 16 female students were given dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) as intervention group and 16 female students who were given nutrition education as control group. Measurements of hemoglobin levels were performed before and after treatment for 8 weeks, periodic measurements were performed every 2 weeks. Data analysis using Paired t-test. The results showed no effect but no significant difference of dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) to increase hemoglobin level in female adolescent (P> 0,05).  

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF OXIDATIVE STRESS MARKERS MALONDIALDEHYDE, GLUTATHIONE, NITRIC OXIDE, AND PRORENIN LEVEL IN PREECLAMPSIA PLACENTAL TISSUES

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Ani Retno Prijanti ◽  
Nelly Marissa ◽  
Reni Paramita ◽  
Sarah Humaira ◽  
Eldesta Nisa Nabila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
No Production ◽  
Spiral Artery ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

 Objective: Preeclampsia was a syndrome of hypertension proteinuria in pregnant women. In failure of pseudo vasculogenesis, there is persistency of endothelial and smooth muscle cell of vessel wall in spiral artery. Spiral artery could not be emphasis and lead to relative hypoxia, and oxidative stress in placental tissues. Endothelial cell has property to produce nitric oxide (NO) that can dilated vessel. Placenta also produces prorenin, to maintain vascular wall tonicity. Therefore, we want to uncover the property of placenta is there any capacity of prorenin, is that prorenin could overcome the NO level, or is there any depression of NO production, and any oxidative stress.Methods: This observational study was used case–control design. We search preeclampsia cases during September-December 2015. We used preeclampsia placentas from early and late onset. We collect preeclampsia placentas from Cipto Mangunkusumo and normal placentas from Budi Kemuliaan Hospital. We used 30 preeclampsia placentas and 30 normal placentas. Markers measured were NO and prorenin. NO was measured using colorimetric assay kit (K262-200/ BioVision), and prorenin was measured using human prorenin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (ab157525/ Abcam). Glutathione (GSH) was measured using Ellman method and malondialdehyde (MDA) using Wills method.Results: Prorenin concentration between normal and preeclampsia placenta was analyzed using Mann–Whitney and show that there had no significant difference between preeclampsia and normal placentas (p=0.23). Besides, NO data analyzed using independent t-test show significant differences between preeclampsia and normal placentas (p=0.001). The difference between normal and preeclampsia GSH concentration was not significant (p=0.757), besides the difference between normal and preeclampsia MDA concentration was significant (p=0.000).Conclusion: NO concentration in preeclampsia placenta was increase, higher than normal placenta. There was no effect of preeclampsia on prorenin concentration and GSH. There was marked decrease of MDA in preeclampsia placentas.

scholarly journals The difference between calcium ion levels in saliva before and after consuming red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
Fakhrurrazi Fakhrurrazi ◽  
Rachmi Fanani Hakim ◽  
Ayu Anisah Reghina
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Ion ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dragon Fruit ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Hylocereus Polyrhizus

Introduction: Saliva is a complex oral fluid that is secreted by the major and minor salivary glands which have a vital role in sustaining oral hard and soft tissues. The calcium ion is one of the inorganic components of saliva, which plays a vital role in maintaining the tooth enamel integrity through the remineralisation process. The compliance of calcium intake for the body and the enhancement of calcium ions in saliva can be affected by consumption of fruits that comprise lots of calcium. Consumption of fruit containing high calcium can increase buffer capacity, support remineralisation and prevent demineralisation. One of the fruits with rich calcium is red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus). The purpose of this study was to analyse the difference between the salivary calcium ion level before and after consumption of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) on the students of Faculty of Dentistry Syiah Kuala University batch 2017. Methods: This study was pre-experimental with one group pretest-posttest design. The number of subjects in this study was 32 people with one group pretest-posttest design. Saliva was collected by spitting method five times. Results: The average salivary calcium ion before consumption of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) was 1.972, and the average value of salivary calcium ion after consumption of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) was 2.378. Results of the statistical test using the paired t-test showed a significant difference of the salivary calcium ion before and after consumption of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) with the p-value = 0.000 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: There is a difference of the salivary calcium ion level before and after consumption of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus).

scholarly journals In vitro Test of Macrophage Phagocytic Activity of Extracts and Fractions of Red Dragon Fruit Peel [Hylocereus polyrhizus (F.A.C.Weber) Britton and Rose]

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-165
Author(s):  
Sri Wahdaningsih ◽  
Subagus Wahyuono ◽  
Sugeng Riyanto ◽  
Retno Murwanti
Keyword(s):  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Media Control ◽  
Dragon Fruit ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vitro Test ◽  
Hylocereus Polyrhizus

The peel of red dragon fruit [Hylocereus polyrhizus (F.A.C.Weber) Britton and Rose] can be used to treat various diseases and to improve immune system of body. This study was aimed to investigate the in vitro macrophage phagocytic activity of extracts and fractions of red dragon fruit peel (Hylocereus polyrhizus). The in vitro test was conducted based on the method of Leijh et al. The parameters of phagocytic activity were based on the macrophages capacity to phagocytose latex beads using the calculation of phagocytic capacity and phagocytic index. The test results indicated significant difference (p < 0.05). The petroleum benzene extract showed higher phagocytic activity of macrophages than methanol extract of the fruit peel, sediment, and media control (-). The LSD test showed that macrophage phagocytic activity using fractions (500 and 100 μg/ml) was significantly different from macrophage phagocytic activity using fractions (20 μg/ml), sediment (500, 100 and 20 μg/ml), extracts (500, 100 and 20 μg/ml), and media control. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 17(2): 161-165, 2018 (December)

scholarly journals Astragaloside IV protects against diabetic nephropathy via activating eNOS in streptozotocin diabetes-induced rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuyan Fan ◽  
Hongyu Fan ◽  
Bin Zhu ◽  
Yilun Zhou ◽  
Qingshan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Cell Permeability ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
No Production ◽  
Astragaloside Iv ◽  
Hba1c Levels

Abstract Background Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) was reported to play a role in improving diabetic nephropathy (DN), however, the underlying mechanisms still remain unclear. The aim of the present study is to investigate whether AS-IV ameliorates DN via the regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Methods DN model was induced in Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats by intraperitoneal injection of 65 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). Rats in the AS-IV treatment group were orally gavaged with 5 mg/kg/day or 10 mg/kg/day AS-IV for eight consecutive weeks. Body weight, blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), Serum creatinine (Scr), proteinuria and Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were measured. Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) and Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) staining were used to detect the renal pathology. The apoptosis status of glomerular cells was measured by TUNEL assay. The phosphorylation and acetylation of eNOS were detected by western blot. The effects of AS-IV on high-glucose (HG)-induced apoptosis and eNOS activity were also investigated in human renal glomerular endothelial cells (HRGECs) in vitro. Results Treatment with AS-IV apparently reduced DN symptoms in diabetic rats, as evidenced by reduced BUN, Scr, proteinuria, HbA1c levels and expanding mesangial matrix. AS-IV treatment also promoted the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) in serum and renal tissues and ameliorated the phosphorylation of eNOS at Ser 1177 with decreased eNOS acetylation. Moreover, HG-induced dysfunction of HRGECs including increased cell permeability and apoptosis, impaired eNOS phosphorylation at Ser 1177, and decreased NO production, were all reversed by AS-IV treatment. Conclusions These novel findings suggest that AS-IV ameliorates functional abnormalities of DN through inhibiting acetylation of eNOS and activating its phosphorylation at Ser 1177. AS-IV could be served as a potential therapeutic drug for DN.

scholarly journals Deficiency of cationic amino acid transporter-2 protects mice from hyperoxia-induced lung injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 316 (4) ◽  
pp. L598-L607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Jin ◽  
Yusen Liu ◽  
Leif D. Nelin
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
No Production ◽  
Myeloperoxidase Activity ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Cationic Amino Acid ◽  
Significant Difference

The pathology of acute lung injury (ALI) involves inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS)-derived NO-induced apoptosis of pulmonary endothelial cells. In vitro, iNOS-derived NO production has been shown to depend on the uptake of l-arginine by the cationic amino acid transporters (CAT). To test the hypothesis that mice deficient in CAT-2 ( slc7a2−/− on a C57BL/6 background) would be protected from hyperoxia-induced ALI, mice ( slc7a2−/− or wild-type) were placed in >95% oxygen (hyperoxia) or 21% oxygen (control) for 60 h. In wild-type mice exposed to hyperoxia, the exhaled nitric oxide (exNO) was twofold greater than in wild-type mice exposed to normoxia ( P < 0.005), whereas in slc7a2−/− mice there was no significant difference between exNO in animals exposed to hyperoxia or normoxia ( P = 0.95). Hyperoxia-exposed wild-type mice had greater ( P < 0.05) lung resistance and a lower ( P < 0.05) lung compliance than did hyperoxia-exposed slc7a2−/− mice. The lung wet-to-dry weight ratio was greater ( P < 0.005) in the hyperoxia-exposed wild-type mice than in hyperoxia-exposed slc7a2−/− mice. Neutrophil infiltration was lower ( P < 0.05) in the hyperoxia-exposed slc7a2−/− mice than in the hyperoxia-exposed wild-type mice as measured by myeloperoxidase activity. The protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was lower ( P < 0.001) in the hyperoxia-exposed slc7a2−/− mice than in similarly exposed wild-type mice. The percent of TUNEL-positive cells in the lung following hyperoxia exposure was significantly lower ( P < 0.001) in the slc7a2−/− mice than in the wild-type mice. These results are consistent with our hypothesis that lack of CAT-2 protects mice from acute lung injury.

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