scholarly journals Effects of Conditioning Stimulation of the Central Amygdaloid Nucleus on Tooth Pulp-Driven Neurons in the Cat Somatosensory Cortex(SI).

1999 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 485-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kei Kawarada ◽  
Ken-ichi Kamata ◽  
Norio Matsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Tooth Pulp ◽  
Amygdaloid Nucleus ◽  
Conditioning Stimulation ◽  
Central Amygdaloid Nucleus ◽  
Stimulation Of

Effect of amygdaloid conditioning stimulation on tooth pulp-driven neurons in the somatosensory cortex (SI)

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Norio Matsumoto ◽  
Kei Kawarada ◽  
Tadasi Sato ◽  
Hideki Gotoh ◽  
Takashi A. Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Tooth Pulp ◽  
Conditioning Stimulation

scholarly journals Suppression of the Swallowing Reflex during Rhythmic Jaw Movements Induced by Repetitive Electrical Stimulation of the Dorsomedial Part of the Central Amygdaloid Nucleus in Rats

Life ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
Yoshihide Satoh ◽  
Kojun Tsuji
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Reticular Formation ◽  
Superior Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Amygdaloid Nucleus ◽  
Jaw Movements ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Swallowing Reflex ◽  
Central Amygdaloid Nucleus ◽  
Repetitive Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

A previous study indicated that the swallowing reflex is inhibited during rhythmic jaw movements induced by electrical stimulation of the anterior cortical masticatory area. Rhythmic jaw movements were induced by electrical stimulation of the central amygdaloid nucleus (CeA). The swallowing central pattern generator is the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and the lateral reticular formation in the medulla. Morphological studies have reported that the CeA projects to the NTS and the lateral reticular formation. It is therefore likely that the CeA is related to the control of the swallowing reflex. The purpose of this study was to determine if rhythmic jaw movements driven by CeA had inhibitory roles in the swallowing reflex induced by electrical stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN). Rats were anesthetised with urethane. The SLN was solely stimulated for 10 s, and the swallowing reflex was recorded (SLN stimulation before SLN + CeA stimulation). Next, the SLN and the CeA were electrically stimulated at the same time for 10 s, and the swallowing reflex was recorded during rhythmic jaw movements (SLN + CeA stimulation). Finally, the SLN was solely stimulated (SLN stimulation following SLN + CeA stimulation). The number of swallows was reduced during rhythmic jaw movements. The onset latency of the first swallow was significantly longer in the SLN + CeA stimulation than in the SLN stimulation before SLN + CeA stimulation and SLN stimulation following SLN + CeA stimulation. These results support the idea that the coordination of swallowing reflex with rhythmic jaw movements could be regulated by the CeA.

Peripheral Afferent Nerve Impulses for Conveying Electroacupuncture Effects on the Jaw Opening Reflex Evoked by Tooth Pulp Stimulation in Rat

1981 ◽  
Vol 09 (04) ◽  
pp. 319-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuo Toda
Keyword(s):  
Radial Nerve ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Tooth Pulp ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Conditioning Stimulation ◽  
Jaw Opening ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Jaw Opening Reflex ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Stimulation Of

Effects of conditioning electrical stimulation of the nerves innervated around the meridian Ho-Ku point on the tooth-pulp evoked jaw opening reflex were investigated in Wistar albino rats. Changes of the threshold of the reflex were monitored before and after the conditioning stimulation. The increased changes of the threshold value gradually appeared and even after the cessation of the conditioning stimulation, its effect remained for several minutes. Of the three nerves in the brachial plexus (radial, median and ulnar), radial nerve was the most effective. The ipsilateral nerve stimulation was more effective on the threshold elevation of the reflex that the contralateral one. When the two nerves were stimulated simultaneously, the increase of the threshold value was sometimes observed as compared to the case of stimulating each nerve separately. However, in cases of the combination stimulation including radial nerve, the summation among the different impulses produced by the conditioning stimulation was scarely observed: therefore, the effect was not reinforced.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Effect of Conditioning Stimulation of the Amygdaloid Nucleus and Neighboring Areas on the Jaw-Opening Reflex in the Cat

PAIN RESEARCH ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Norio Matsumoto ◽  
Kei Kawarada ◽  
Nobuo Okada ◽  
Minoru Kubota ◽  
Yasuyuki Kitada
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Amygdaloid Nucleus ◽  
Conditioning Stimulation ◽  
Jaw Opening ◽  
Jaw Opening Reflex ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Inhibition of Jaw-Opening Reflex by Stimulation of the Central Amygdaloid Nucleus in the Cat.

1991 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazunari KOWADA ◽  
Kei KAWARADA ◽  
Norio MATSUMOTO ◽  
Masahiko OOE ◽  
Takashi A. SUZUKI
Keyword(s):  
Amygdaloid Nucleus ◽  
Jaw Opening ◽  
Jaw Opening Reflex ◽  
Central Amygdaloid Nucleus ◽  
Stimulation Of

Induction of long-term potentiation without participation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in kitten visual cortex

1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Komatsu ◽  
S. Nakajima ◽  
K. Toyama
Keyword(s):  
Nmda Receptors ◽  
Stimulus Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Nmda Antagonist ◽  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Conditioning Stimulation ◽  
Postsynaptic Potential ◽  
Term Potentiation ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. Intracellular recording was made from layer II-III cells in slice preparations of kitten (30-40 days old) visual cortex. Low-frequency (0.1 Hz) stimulation of white matter (WM) usually evoked an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) followed by an inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP). The postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) showed strong dependence on stimulus frequency. Early component of EPSP and IPSP evoked by weak stimulation both decreased monotonically at frequencies greater than 0.5-1 Hz. Strong stimulation similarly depressed the early EPSP at higher frequencies (greater than 2 Hz) and replaced the IPSP with a late EPSP, which had a maximum amplitude in the stimulus frequency range of 2-5 Hz. 2. Very weak WM stimulation sometimes evoked EPSPs in isolation from IPSPs. The falling phase of the EPSP revealed voltage dependence characteristic to the responses mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and was depressed by application of an NMDA antagonist DL-2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate (APV), whereas the rising phase of the EPSP was insensitive to APV. 3. The early EPSPs followed by IPSPs were insensitive to APV but were replaced with a slow depolarizing potential by application of a non-NMDA antagonist 6,7-dinitro-quinoxaline-2,3-dione (DNQX), indicating that the early EPSP is mediated by non-NMDA receptors. The slow depolarization was mediated by NMDA receptors because it was depressed by membrane hyperpolarization or addition of APV. 4. The late EPSP evoked by higher-frequency stimulation was abolished by APV, indicating that it is mediated by NMDA receptors, which are located either on the recorded cell or on presynaptic cells to the recorded cells. 5. Long-term potentiation (LTP) of EPSPs was examined in cells perfused with solutions containing 1 microM bicuculline methiodide (BIM), a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) antagonist. WM was stimulated at 2 Hz for 15 min as a conditioning stimulus to induce LTP, and the resultant changes were tested by low-frequency (0.1 Hz) stimulation of WM. 6. LTP of early EPSPs occurred in more than one-half of the cells (8/13) after strong conditioning stimulation. The rising slope of the EPSP was increased 1.6 times on average. 7. To test involvement of NMDA receptors in the induction of LTP in the early EPSP, the effect of conditioning stimulation was studied in a solution containing 100 microM APV, which was sufficient to block completely synaptic transmission mediated by NMDA receptors. LTP occurred in the same frequency and magnitude as in control solution.

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