scholarly journals Reflex responses of neurons in the inferior mesenteric ganglion to mechanical stimulation of the colon, rectum, anal canal, and urinary bladder in the dog.

1987 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki FUKUDA ◽  
Kiyoko FUKAI ◽  
Hiromasa OKADA
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Anal Canal ◽  
Mechanical Stimulation ◽  
Inferior Mesenteric Ganglion ◽  
Reflex Responses ◽  
Mesenteric Ganglion ◽  
Stimulation Of

Jaw Reflexes Evoked by Mechanical Stimulation of Teeth in Humans

1999 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 2156-2163 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Yang ◽  
K. S. Türker
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Stimulation ◽  
Masseter Muscle ◽  
Response Pattern ◽  
Bite Force ◽  
Reflex Response ◽  
Incisor Tooth ◽  
Jaw Muscles ◽  
Reflex Responses ◽  
Closing Force ◽  
Stimulation Of

Jaw reflexes evoked by mechanical stimulation of teeth in humans. The reflex response of jaw muscles to mechanical stimulation of an upper incisor tooth was investigated using the surface electromyogram (SEMG) of the masseter muscle and the bite force. With a slowly rising stimulus, the reflex response obtained on the masseter SEMG showed three different patterns of reflex responses; sole excitation, sole inhibition, and inhibition followed by excitation. Simultaneously recorded bite force, however, exhibited mainly one reflex response pattern, a decrease followed by an increase in the net closing force. A rapidly rising stimulus also induced several different patterns of reflex responses in the masseter SEMG. When the simultaneously recorded bite force was analyzed, however, there was only one reflex response pattern, a decrease in the net closing force. Therefore, the reflex change in the masseter muscle is not a good representative of the net reflex response of all jaw muscles to mechanical tooth stimulation. The net response is best expressed by the averaged bite force. The averaged bite force records showed that when the stimulus force was developing rapidly, the periodontal reflex could reduce the bite force and hence protect the teeth and supporting tissues from damaging forces. It also can increase the bite force; this might help keep food between the teeth if the change in force rate is slow, especially when the initial bite force is low.

Viscero-sympathetic reflex responses to mechanical stimulation of pelvic viscera in the cat

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-J. Häbler ◽  
K. Hilbers ◽  
W. Jänig ◽  
M. Koltzenburg ◽  
H. Kümmel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Stimulation ◽  
Reflex Responses ◽  
Pelvic Viscera ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Reflex responses in the infrahyoid muscles by mechanical stimulation of the tongue in the frog.

1990 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 555-562
Author(s):  
Kouichi Shiozawa ◽  
Niichiro Tanaka ◽  
Yasutake Saeki ◽  
Keiji Yanagisawa
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Stimulation ◽  
Reflex Responses ◽  
Stimulation Of

Receptive properties of sacral primary afferent neurons supplying the colon

1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 1067-1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Janig ◽  
M. Koltzenburg
Keyword(s):  
Anal Canal ◽  
Conduction Velocity ◽  
Mechanical Stimulation ◽  
Intraluminal Pressure ◽  
Afferent Neurons ◽  
Pelvic Nerve ◽  
Primary Afferent Neurons ◽  
Primary Afferent ◽  
Unmyelinated Fibers ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. Conscious perception of noxious and innocuous distension of the colon as well as the reflex control of anal continence and defecation largely depend on an intact sacral primary afferent innervation. Here we have studied the functional properties of these visceral primary afferent neurons in the dorsal root S2 in 17 cats. Single fibers projecting into the pelvic nerve were identified electrically and studied with innocuous and noxious mechanical stimulation of colon and anal canal. 2. A total of 59 units responding to one of these stimuli were investigated and they could be separated into two subpopulations of afferents. Thirty-six fibers were reproducibly excited by distension of the colon, but not by mechanical stimulation of the anal canal. They were thin myelinated or unmyelinated fibers with a median conduction velocity of 3.2 m/s. The remaining 23 units had receptive fields in the mucosa of the anal canal and responded readily to an innocuous proximodistal shearing stimulus, but not to distension stimuli applied to the same area. All, but two of these afferents were thin myelinated with a median conduction velocity of 7.7 m/s, which was significantly different from the conduction velocity of afferent neurons responding to distension of the colon. 3. Units responding to distension of the colon had thresholds in the innocuous range of the intracolonic pressure. Receptors that were activated only by noxious intraluminal pressure were absent. On the basis of their response to supramaximal isotonic distension, colonic afferents could be subclassified as phasic (n = 17) or tonic (n = 19) units. Phasic afferents were only transiently excited during filling or emptying of the colon, whereas tonic afferents discharged throughout the distension. The two populations had also significantly different median conduction velocities of 8.0 (n = 16) and 1.7 (n = 15) m/s, respectively. 4. Stimulation response functions were evaluated for 12 tonic afferents. All units encoded an increase of intracolonic pressure by the intensity of their discharge frequency. Increases of intracolonic pressure produced significantly higher discharge frequencies from unmyelinated than from thin myelinated afferents. 5. In three animals the percentage of unmyelinated fibers responding to mechanical stimulation of colon and anal canal was determined. Out of 213 electrically identified unmyelinated units projecting into the pelvic nerve, only 11 (5.2%) were excited. Thus, acute innocuous and noxious mechanical stimuli of the large intestine do not appear to be the adequate stimulus for the large majority of unmyelinated pelvic afferents. 6. In conclusion, distension of the colon and mechanical stimulation of the anal canal activates distinct populations of primary afferent neurons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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