scholarly journals Barosensory neurons in the ventrolateral medulla in rabbits and their responses to various afferent inputs from peripheral and central sources.

1986 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1141-1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naohito TERUI ◽  
Yuka SAEKI ◽  
Mamoru KUMADA
Keyword(s):  
Ventrolateral Medulla ◽  
Afferent Inputs

Medullary inputs to nucleus accumbens neurons

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (6) ◽  
pp. R2080-R2088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilbert J. Kirouac ◽  
John Ciriello
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Systemic Arterial Pressure ◽  
Ventrolateral Medulla ◽  
Cell Group ◽  
Unit Recording ◽  
Arterial Baroreceptors ◽  
Afferent Inputs ◽  
Shell Region ◽  
Stimulation Of

Extracellular single-unit recording experiments were done in α-chloralose-anesthetized, paralyzed, and artificially ventilated rats to investigate the effect of stimulation of the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and the ventrolateral medulla (VLM) in the region of the A1 noradrenergic cell group on the activity of neurons in the nucleus accumbens (NA). In addition, the response of NA neurons to activation of the arterial baroreceptors was investigated. Electrical or glutamate (Glu) stimulation of the ipsilateral NTS excited 47 of 99 (48%) and inhibited 10 of 99 (10%) of the units tested in the NA. Similarly, electrical or Glu stimulation of the ipsilateral VLM excited 24 of 97 (24.7%) or inhibited 7 of 97 (7.2%) of the units tested. Approximately 22% (17 of 77) of these units responded to stimulation of both the NTS and VLM. Simultaneous stimulation of both the NTS and VLM potentiated the response of the NA neuron tested. CoCl2 injection into the ipsilateral NTS did not alter the response of NA neurons to stimulation of the VLM. Similarly, CoCl2 injections into the ipsilateral VLM did not alter the response of NA neurons to NTS stimulation. The discharge rate of some of the units (6 of 49) that were activated by both NTS and VLM was also increased during the activation of arterial baroreceptors by the acute rise in systemic arterial pressure to phenylephrine injection. Units that responded to stimulation of the NTS and VLM and to baroreceptor activation were located in the shell region of the NA. These data indicate that afferent inputs from the NTS and VLM converge onto NA neurons and suggest that visceral and cardiovascular afferent inputs may influence the output of neurons in the shell region of the NA.

Role of ventrolateral medulla in regulation of respiratory and cardiovascular systems

1986 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 1249-1263 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Millhorn ◽  
F. L. Eldridge
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Sympathetic Neurons ◽  
Excitatory Input ◽  
Ventrolateral Medulla ◽  
Sense Organs ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Afferent Inputs ◽  
Central Chemoreception ◽  
Cardiovascular Systems

It is now widely accepted that the ventrolateral aspect of the medulla oblongata (VLM) plays an important role in regulation of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. The VLM has been implicated as being involved in a number of different physiological functions, including central chemoreception, integration of afferent inputs from certain sense organs to the respiratory and cardiovascular controllers, the source of excitatory input to preganglionic sympathetic neurons in the spinal cord, and location of synaptic relay between the higher brain defense areas and spinal cord sympathetic elements. In recent years there have been a number of important findings concerning both the anatomical substrate and neurophysiological characteristics of VLM neurons involved in regulation of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. New anatomical findings show that neuronal networks located in the VLM send projections to and receive projections from brain stem nuclei that have traditionally been associated with respiratory and cardiovascular regulation. Nevertheless, there are still many important questions concerning the role of the VLM in control of these vital systems that have yet to be answered. For instance, are the same VLM neurons involved in control of both systems? Is the VLM the only site for central respiratory chemoreception? This review will endeavor to examine new findings and to reexamine some older findings concerning the VLM.

scholarly journals Vagal afferents contribute to sympathoexcitation-driven metabolic dysfunctions

2019 ◽  
Vol 240 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Francisco Lorenzo-Martín ◽  
Mauricio Menacho-Márquez ◽  
Salvatore Fabbiano ◽  
Omar Al-Massadi ◽  
Antonio Abad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla ◽  
Vagal Afferents ◽  
Ventrolateral Medulla ◽  
Afferent Fibers ◽  
Afferent Inputs ◽  
Vagal Afferent ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunctions ◽  
Hepatic Branch ◽  
Deficient Mice

Multiple crosstalk between peripheral organs and the nervous system are required to maintain physiological and metabolic homeostasis. Using Vav3-deficient mice as a model for chronic sympathoexcitation-associated disorders, we report here that afferent fibers of the hepatic branch of the vagus nerve are needed for the development of the peripheral sympathoexcitation, tachycardia, tachypnea, insulin resistance, liver steatosis and adipose tissue thermogenesis present in those mice. This neuronal pathway contributes to proper activity of the rostral ventrolateral medulla, a sympathoregulatory brainstem center hyperactive in Vav3−/− mice. Vagal afferent inputs are also required for the development of additional pathophysiological conditions associated with deregulated rostral ventrolateral medulla activity. By contrast, they are dispensable for other peripheral sympathoexcitation-associated disorders sparing metabolic alterations in liver.

Afferent Inputs to Ventrolateral Medulla

1991 ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
John P. Chalmers ◽  
Emilio Badoer ◽  
David Morilak ◽  
Guy Drolet ◽  
Jane B. Minson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ventrolateral Medulla ◽  
Afferent Inputs

Vasomotor control by subretrofacial neurones in the rostral ventrolateral medulla

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 1572-1579 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. L. Dampney ◽  
A. K. Goodchild ◽  
R. M. McAllen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla ◽  
Ventrolateral Medulla ◽  
Unit Recording ◽  
Sympathetic Vasoconstriction ◽  
Afferent Inputs ◽  
Retrofacial Nucleus ◽  
P Cells ◽  
Bilateral Destruction

In this paper we review our recent work in the rabbit and cat on the role of the rostral ventrolateral medulla in cardiovascular regulation. Microinjection of neuroexcitatory amino acids into a highly circumscribed region, located just ventral to the retrofacial nucleus at the level of the rostral part of the inferior olive, leads to an increase in blood pressure, owing to sympathetic vasoconstriction. Bilateral destruction of this region, which we have termed the subretrofacial nucleus, leads to a profound fall in blood pressure. Anatomical studies show that the subretrofacial nucleus contains a compact group of bulbospinal neurones that project to sympathetic preganglionic nuclei in the thoracolumbar spinal cord. Single-unit recording studies have shown that these bulbospinal neurons are spontaneously active and are powerfully inhibited by baroreceptor inputs. These observations indicate that the subretrofacial bulbospinal cells are sympathoexcitatory and play a major role in the tonic and phasic control of the cardiovascular system. Some important unresolved questions regarding the subretrofacial neurones will be discussed. (i) Are they functionally homogeneous, or are they viscerotopically organized with respect to particular end organs? (ii) What are their afferent inputs? (iii) What are their histochemical properties? Specifically, are they part of the group of adrenaline-synthesizing cells, or alternatively, substance P cells?

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