scholarly journals Responses of the vascular-interstitial-lymph system to saline loading in the rat.

1984 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiji YAMADA ◽  
Taketoshi MORIMOTO ◽  
Hiroshi NOSE ◽  
Kanae OGURA
Keyword(s):  
Lymph System ◽  
Saline Loading

Dissociation of saline-induced natriuresis from urea washout in the rat

1981 ◽  
Vol 241 (3) ◽  
pp. F250-F256
Author(s):  
F. J. Gennari ◽  
C. Johns ◽  
C. R. Caflisch ◽  
S. Cortell
Keyword(s):  
Renal Artery ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Tissue Composition ◽  
Outer Medulla ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Artery Pressure ◽  
Urea Content ◽  
Saline Loading ◽  
Solute Composition

Medullary urea washout has been postulated to play a major role in the natriuretic response to volume expansion (VE). To examine this hypothesis, renal tissue solute composition was measured in a natriuretic and nonnatriuretic model of VE. Renal tissue composition was analyzed during hydropenia, acute VE, acute VE with renal artery pressure reduced to 70 mmHg at the onset of saline loading (immediate clamping), and acute VE with renal artery pressure reduced to 70 mmHg after 45 min of saline loading (delayed clamping). Immediate clamping, a nonnatriuretic model of VE, prevented VE-induced urea washout and the increase in sodium and water content in the cortex and outer medulla. Delayed clamping, a natriuretic model of VE, produced a pattern of tissue composition very similar to immediate clamping. Tissue urea content was not significantly different in the two protocols and only minor differences in sodium and water content were noted. Thus, under these experimental conditions, VE-induced natriuresis can be dissociated from medullary urea washout, and other mechanisms must be invoked to explain the increased sodium excretion.

Effects of Hemodialysis and Saline Loading on Body Fluid Compartments, Plasma Renin Activity and Blood Pressure in Patients on Chronic Hemodialysis

Nephron ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frans H.H. Leenen ◽  
Stephen J. Galla ◽  
Gysbert G. Geyskes ◽  
Victor Murdaugh jr. ◽  
Alvin P. Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Chronic Hemodialysis ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Saline Loading ◽  
Body Fluid Compartments ◽  
Fluid Compartments

The Prevention of Acute Renal Failure in the Rat by Long-Term Saline Loading: A Possible Role of the Renin-Angiotensin Axis

1969 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 610-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. D. McDonald ◽  
G. Thiel ◽  
D. R. Wilson ◽  
G. F. DiBona ◽  
D. E. Oken
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Acute Renal Failure ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Saline Loading

Normotensive sodium loading in normal man: regulation of renin secretion during β-receptor blockade

2009 ◽  
Vol 296 (2) ◽  
pp. R436-R445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Mølstrøm ◽  
Nils H. Larsen ◽  
Jane A. Simonsen ◽  
Remon Washington ◽  
Peter Bie
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Macula Densa ◽  
Renin Secretion ◽  
Sodium Reabsorption ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Adrenergic Blockade ◽  
Saline Loading

Saline administration may change renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activity and sodium excretion at constant mean arterial pressure (MAP). We hypothesized that such responses are elicited mainly by renal sympathetic nerve activity by β1-receptors (β1-RSNA), and tested the hypothesis by studying RAAS and renal excretion during slow saline loading at constant plasma sodium concentration (Na+ loading; 12 μmol Na+·kg−1·min−1 for 4 h). Normal subjects were studied on low-sodium intake with and without β1-adrenergic blockade by metoprolol. Metoprolol per se reduced RAAS activity as expected. Na+ loading decreased plasma renin concentration (PRC) by one-third, plasma ANG II by one-half, and plasma aldosterone by two-thirds (all P < 0.05); surprisingly, these changes were found without, as well as during, acute metoprolol administration. Concomitantly, sodium excretion increased indistinguishably with and without metoprolol (16 ± 2 to 71 ± 14 μmol/min; 13 ± 2 to 55 ± 13 μmol/min, respectively). Na+ loading did not increase plasma atrial natriuretic peptide, glomerular filtration rate (GFR by 51Cr-EDTA), MAP, or cardiac output (CO by impedance cardiography), but increased central venous pressure (CVP) by ∼2.0 mmHg ( P < 0.05). During Na+ loading, sodium excretion increased with CVP at an average slope of 7 μmol·min−1·mmHg−1. Concomitantly, plasma vasopressin decreased by 30–40% ( P < 0.05). In conclusion, β1-adrenoceptor blockade affects neither the acute saline-mediated deactivation of RAAS nor the associated natriuretic response, and the RAAS response to modest saline loading seems independent of changes in MAP, CO, GFR, β1-mediated effects of norepinephrine, and ANP. Unexpectedly, the results do not allow assessment of the relative importance of RAAS-dependent and -independent regulation of renal sodium excretion. The results are compatible with the notion that at constant arterial pressure, a volume receptor elicited reduction in RSNA via receptors other than β1-adrenoceptors, decreases renal tubular sodium reabsorption proximal to the macula densa leading to increased NaCl concentration at the macula densa, and subsequent inhibition of renin secretion.

Localization and regulation of the rat renal Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl- cotransporter, BSC-1

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (3) ◽  
pp. F619-F628 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Ecelbarger ◽  
J. Terris ◽  
J. R. Hoyer ◽  
S. Nielsen ◽  
J. B. Wade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Rat Colon ◽  
Thick Ascending Limb ◽  
Outer Medulla ◽  
Water Excretion ◽  
Saline Loading ◽  
Cloned Cdna ◽  
Urinary Concentrating Ability

To investigate the role of the thick ascending limb (TAL) Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl- cotransporter in regulation of water excretion, we have prepared a peptide-derived polyclonal antibody based on the cloned cDNA sequence of the rat type 1 bumetanide-sensitive cotransporter, BSC-1 (also termed "NKCC-2"). Immunoblots revealed a single broad 161-kDa band in membrane fractions of rat renal outer medulla and cortex but not from rat colon or parotid gland. A similar protein was labeled in mouse kidney. Immunoperoxidase immunohistochemistry in rat kidney revealed labeling restricted to the medullary and cortical TAL segments. Because long-term regulation of urinary concentrating ability may depend on regulation of Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl- cotransporter abundance, we used immunoblotting to evaluate the effects of several in vivo factors on expression levels of BSC-1 protein in rat kidney outer medulla. Chronic oral saline loading with 0.16 M NaCl markedly increased BSC-1 abundance. However, long-term vasopressin infusion or thirsting of rats did not affect BSC-1 abundance. Chronic furosemide infusion caused a 9-kDa upward shift in apparent molecular mass and an apparent increase in expression level. These results support the previous identification of BSC-1 as the TAL Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl- transporter and demonstrate that the expression of this transporter is regulated.

scholarly journals Degradation Behavior, Transport Mechanism and Osteogenic Activity of Mg–Zn–RE Alloy Membranes in Critical-Sized Rat Calvarial Defects

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 496
Author(s):  
Mingyu Zhao ◽  
Guanqi Liu ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Xiaodong Yu ◽  
Shenpo Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Transport Mechanism ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Lymph System ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Calvarial Defects ◽  
Rat Calvarial Defect

In this study, a specific Mg–Zn–RE alloy membrane with 6 wt.% zinc and 2.7 wt.% rare earth elements (Y, Gd, La and Ce) was prepared to investigate implant degradation, transport mechanism and guide bone regeneration in vivo. The Mg-membrane microstructure and precipitates were characterized by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The Mg-membrane degradation process and effect on osteogenesis were investigated in a critical-sized rat calvarial defect model via micro-CT examination and hard tissue slicing after 2-, 5- and 8-week implants. Then, the distribution of elements in organs after 1-, 2- and 4-weeks implantation was examined to explore their transportation routes. Results showed that two types of precipitates had formed in the Mg–membrane after a 10-h heat treatment at 175 °C: γ-phase MgZn precipitation with dissolved La, Ce and Gd, and W-phase Mg3(Y, Gd)2Zn3 precipitation rich in Y and Gd. In the degradation process of the Mg-membrane, the Mg matrix degraded first, and the rare earth-rich precipitation particles were transferred to a more stable phosphate compound. The element release rate was dependent on the precipitate type and composition. Rare earth elements may be transported mainly through the lymph system. The defects were repaired rapidly by the membranes. The Mg-membrane used in the present study showed excellent biocompatibility and enhanced bone formation in the vicinity of the implants.

Fluid retention after oral loading with water or saline in camels

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (5) ◽  
pp. R915-R920 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Benlamlih ◽  
K. Dahlborn ◽  
R. Z. Filali ◽  
J. Hossaini-Hilali
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
The Body ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone Concentration ◽  
Excess Water ◽  
Saline Loading ◽  
Long Time

When dehydrated camels are offered water they drink volumes of water exceeding their body water loss during the water deprivation period. The excess water is excreted during 2-4 days. To investigate the ability to retain fluid in the body, normohydrated camels were loaded with water or isotonic saline (0.1 l/kg body wt) by esophageal tube. After water loading plasma osmolality decreased and a water diuresis was seen, but it took 3 days until the body weight returned to prehydration level. Plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) increased, but plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) concentration did not change. After the saline loading plasma osmolality increased and total plasma proteins and hematocrit decreased. Renal Na excretion increased 4 h after the saline load, but the magnitude of the natriuresis was small, and the camels had not regained their body weight 6 days after the load. PAC and PRA decreased after saline loading, while plasma ANP concentration did not change. These data show that camels are able to retain excess water within the body and to tolerate blood hyposmolality for a relatively long time. With saline the retention of fluid lasts even longer despite an attenuation of PAC.

scholarly journals Hormonal and Cardiorenal Responses to Acute Saline Loading in Mild Congestive Heart Failure

1998 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirofumi Tomiyama ◽  
Eisuke Nishikawa ◽  
Gohki Watanabe ◽  
Koichiro Shiojima ◽  
Kazuhiro Shimada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Saline Loading

scholarly journals WEIGHT LOSS, SALINE LOADING, AND THE NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE SYSTEM

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. A1354
Author(s):  
Pankaj Arora ◽  
Jason Reingold ◽  
Aaron Baggish ◽  
Derek Guanaga ◽  
Connie Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Saline Loading ◽  
Peptide System ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide System
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