scholarly journals The relevance of cardio-pulmonary-vascular reflex to regulation of the brain vessels.

1984 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatsugu NAKAI ◽  
Koichi OGINO
Keyword(s):  
Brain Vessels ◽  
Vascular Reflex ◽  
The Brain

Association of Variables of Coagulation, Fibrinolysis and Acute-phase with Atherosclerosis in Coronary and Peripheral Arteries and those Arteries Supplying the Brain

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (03) ◽  
pp. 374-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Heinrich ◽  
Helmut Schulte ◽  
Rainer Schönfeld ◽  
Ekkehart Köhler ◽  
Gerd Assmann
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Coronary Atherosclerosis ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Plasma Fibrinogen ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Peripheral Arteries ◽  
Brain Vessels ◽  
The Brain ◽  
D Dimer

SummaryWe investigated the vessel status of coronary and peripheral arteries and those arteries supplying the brain in 929 consecutive male patients admitted to a coronary rehabilitation unit. The severity of coronary atherosclerosis was scored using coronary angiography. Changes in extracranial brain vessels and manifest cerebrovascular disease (CVD) were determined by B-mode ultrasound and Doppler examination. Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) was diagnosed using base-line and stress oscillography. We assessed variables of coagulation, fibrinolysis, and the acute phase response.There was a significant increase in plasma fibrinogen, plasminogen, d-dimer and C-reactive protein (CRP) with increasing severity of coronary heart disease. Compared to men with unaffected arteries, men with 3 diseased coronary arteries had 58% greater d-dimer concentrations. Patients with CVD and PAD, respectively, also had significantly higher fibrinogen, d-dimer and CRP concentrations. We did not find an association between plasminogen activator inhibitor activity and the severity of coronary atherosclerosis.In conclusion, plasma fibrinogen, d-dimer and CRP concentrations were significantly related to atherosclerosis in the coronary, peripheral and extracranial brain arteries.

scholarly journals Histological study of the drug PEG-Filstim sub-acute toxicity

2018 ◽  
pp. 80-88
Author(s):  
V. L. Karbovskyy ◽  
I. A. Shevchuk ◽  
O. V. Kurkina ◽  
T. Ye. Makovska
Keyword(s):  
Defect Formation ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Subcutaneous Administration ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Brain Vessels ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Applied Dose ◽  
Reticular Tissue ◽  
The Brain

One of the critical steps in development of safe and efficient drugs during their pre-clinical trials are toxicity studies. Therefore, the aim of our work was to study PEG-Filstim toxic effects on animal internal organs and tissues. Toxicity study of PEG-Filstim was performed in 50 white wild-type rats of both sexes with body weight of 170 to 230 g on daily (28 days) subcutaneous administration in the doses of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg. In all groups of animals, after completing the experiment careful pathomorphologic and histological examination was performed. PEG-Filstim has been shown to possess no toxic effects on internal organs of laboratory rats and does not cause specific changes in the heart, kidneys and mucous coat of stomach on daily subcutaneous administration in the doses of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/kg within 28 days. In the maximum applied dose of 2.0 mg/kg, the studied drug causes pronounced acute splenic hyperplasia, related to hyper-proliferation of the reticular tissue, leads to functional strain of the liver due to formation of hematopoietic foci in it, as well as impaired integrity of the respiratory epithelium and congestive signs in the lungs, swelling of the brain tissues, abnormalities in the gray matter structure and hyperemia of the brain vessels. These effects were not observed in the animals, to which the drug was administered in the doses of 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg. Administration of PEG-Filstim (in all studied doses) results in increasing the size of the ankle joint in rats, which is related to hyper-proliferation of the reticular tissue, leading to bone defect formation in the form of perforation with subsequent filling the periosteum with reticular tissue and formation of hematopoietic foci within its boundaries.

State of the venous system in patients with Pseudotumor cerebri

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
N. V. Shuleshova ◽  
N. I. Panchenko ◽  
I. V. Kupriyanova
Keyword(s):  
Mr Angiography ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Pseudotumor Cerebri ◽  
Mr Venography ◽  
Venous Outflow ◽  
Brain Vessels ◽  
Pseudotumor Cerebri Syndrome ◽  
Visual Disorders ◽  
The Brain

The article describes two clinical cases of idiopathic intracranial hypertension, the first manifestation of which was the development of retroorbital headache and the visual disorders. Leading in the clinical picture of the disease in both cases was the detection of stagnant optic nerve discs on the fundus. In both patients, the vascular system of the brain was examined using duplex scanning of the neck and brain vessels, MR angiography and MR venography, and in one case — SCT angiography, a lumbar puncture was performed with the study of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). An increase in CSF pressure was found, accompanied by changes in the large venous vessels of the skull and brain. This suggests a significant role of venous outflow disorders in the development of Pseudotumor cerebri syndrome.

Raised intracranial pressure, cerebral oedema, and hydrocephalus

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Whittle
Keyword(s):  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Contributory Factor ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Brain Vessels ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Pressure Dynamics ◽  
The Brain

The brain is protected by the cranial skeleton. Within the intracranial compartment are also cerebrospinal fluid, CSF, and the blood contained within the brain vessels. These intracranial components are in dynamic equilibrium due to the pulsations of the heart and the respiratory regulated return of venous blood from the brain. Normally the mean arterial blood pressure, systemic venous pressure, and brain volume are regulated to maintain physiological values for intracranial pressure, ICP. There are a range of very common disorders such as stroke, and much less common, such as idiopathic intracranial hypertension, that are associated with major disturbances of intracranial pressure dynamics. In some of these the contribution to pathophysiology is relatively minor whereas in others it may be substantial and be a major contributory factor to morbidity or even death.Intracranial pressure can be disordered because of brain oedema, disturbances in CSF flow, mass lesions, and vascular engorgement of the brain. Each of these may have variable causes and there may be interactions between mechanisms. In this chapter the normal regulation of intracranial pressure is outlined and some common disease states in clinical neurological practice that are characterized by either primary or secondary problems in intracranial pressure dynamics described.

scholarly journals Cerebrovascular diseases: the importance of recognizing them

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karine Felipe Martins ◽  
Flávia Pascoal Teles ◽  
Amanda Fernandes de Sousa Oliveira Balestra ◽  
Isadora Rosa Maia
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Severe Headache ◽  
The Body ◽  
Loss Of Consciousness ◽  
Rapid Loss ◽  
Brain Vessels ◽  
The Brain

Background: Until the 70s, cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) were neglected to the lack of resources. However, due to the advancement of technology, several imaging tests have appeared, such as magnetic resonance and computed tomography, which facilitated the diagnosis and the understanding of the pathophysiology of each disease. Objectives: The objective of this work is to identify the main CVDs signs and symptoms. Methods: An integrative literature review was carried out based on selected articles from Google Scholar, PubMed and SciELO, using the terms headache, cerebrovascular disease, neurology. Results: CVDs are characterized by causing damage to brain vessels, due to changes in blood flow momentarily or permanently in an area of the brain, allowing them to be classified as ischemic or hemorrhagic. In ischemic there is a blockage of blood flow and, consequently, of oxygen to areas of the brain, in hemorrhagic rupture of a vessel occurs and, with this, blood leakage. Therefore, it is necessary to recognize the signs and symptoms early, in order to prevent loss of neurological function, movements on one side of the body and the presence or absence of headaches in both patients, with ischemic CVD and hemorrhagic CVD prevent rapid loss of consciousness accompanied by severe headache. Such signs and symptoms associated with the patient’s family history and lifestyle can help in the diagnosis of this disease. Conclusion: Therefore, it is important to recognize the signs and symptoms of CVDs, in order to determine the treatment and advise the patient, which will guarantee a better prognosis.

Pathomorphological examination of hippocampus in the persons of the second period of mature age with cerebral atherosclerosis

10.12737/5023 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Горелик ◽  
E. Gorelik
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Brain Vessels ◽  
Cerebral Arteriosclerosis ◽  
Middle Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Left Hippocampus ◽  
Subsequent Calculation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Second Period ◽  
The Brain

The purpose of this research is to study the morphology of the hippocampus in the patients with cerebro-vascular disease with age, sex and somatic types. The study was conducted from autopsy material. The hippocampus male (n=20) and female (n=15) of the patients of the second period of mature age were taken for study. Pathological and anatomical examination showed that all dead people had pathology of brain vessels. Changes specific to the 1 and 2 stages of atherosclerosis were detected in the basilar and middle cerebral arteries. Somatotype was defined with the subsequent calculation of the index by the method of Rees-Eysenck. The morphometric research of right and left hippocampus of the brain has been conducted. The parameters of the hippocampus with the sex were determined. There are presented the results of quantitative and qualitative morphological study of the hippocampus in persons of the second period of adulthood with cerebral arteriosclerosis in various somatotypes. The comparative analysis, of morphometric parameters of the hippocampus of the right and left hemispheres of the human brain, showed, that most significant are the length of the hippocampus width of middle part and width region of legs. On microscopic examination of the hippocampus, the individuals of the second period of mature age, even at the early stages of atherosclerosis of cerebral arteries, are detected dystrophic changes of neurons in the CA1 and CA3 regions, showing their ischemic damage.

Familial occurrence of arteriovenous malformation of the brain

1991 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazutoshi Yokoyama ◽  
Yoshitaka Asano ◽  
Takatsugu Murakawa ◽  
Mitsuaki Takada ◽  
Takashi Ando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arteriovenous Malformation ◽  
Arteriovenous Malformations ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Familial Incidence ◽  
Brain Vessels ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Familial Cases ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Brain arteriovenous malformations are considered to originate from a congenital maldevelopment of the brain vessels. Although there have been occasional reports suggesting a familial incidence of these lesions, data for only 10 families have been accumulated in the literature. The authors report on six such cases in three families. This high rate of occurrence of familial cases suggests an involvement of genetic factors.

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