scholarly journals EFFECTIVE BREATH HOLDING TIME IN THE MEASUREMENT OF THE PULMONARY DIFFUSING CAPACITY BY SINGLE BREATH METHOD

1971 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-249
Author(s):  
Masaji MOCHIZUKI ◽  
Shu-ichi TAKAHASHI
Keyword(s):  
Holding Time ◽  
Breath Holding ◽  
Diffusing Capacity ◽  
Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity ◽  
Single Breath ◽  
Single Breath Method

Single-breath diffusing capacity of NO independent of inspiratory NO concentration in rabbits

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (6) ◽  
pp. R2055-R2058
Author(s):  
Hartmut Heller ◽  
Klaus-Dieter Schuster
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Breath Holding ◽  
Diffusing Capacity ◽  
Pulmonary Tissue ◽  
Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity ◽  
Single Breath ◽  
Endogenous Release ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
Alveolar Capillary

Pulmonary diffusing capacity of NO (Dl NO) was determined by performing single-breath experiments on six anesthetized paralyzed supine rabbits, applying inspiratory concentrations of NO (Fi NO) within a range of 10 parts per million (ppm) ≤ Fi NO ≤ 800 ppm. Starting from residual volume, the rabbit lungs were inflated by 50 ml of a NO-nitrogen-containing indicator gas mixture. Breath-holding time was set at 0.1, 1, 3, 5, and 7 s. Alveolar partial pressure of NO was determined by analyzing the end-tidal portion from expirates, with the use of respiratory mass spectrometry. In the six animals, pulmonary diffusing capacity of NO averaged Dl NO = 1.92 ± 0.21 ml ⋅ mmHg−1 ⋅ min−1(mean ± SD value). Despite extreme variations in Fi NO, we found very similar Dl NOvalues, and in three rabbits we found identical values even at such different Fi NO levels of 80 ppm or 500, 20, or 200 ppm as well as 10 or 800 ppm. There was also no dependence of Dl NO on the respective duration of the single-breath maneuvers. In addition, the time course of NO removal from alveolar space was independent of applied Fi NOlevels. These results suggest that Dl NOdeterminations are neither affected by chemical reactions of NO in alveolar gas phase as well as in lung tissue nor biased by endogenous release of NO from pulmonary tissue. It is our conclusion that the single-breath diffusing capacity of NO is able to provide a measure of alveolar-capillary gas conductance that is not influenced by the biochemical reactions of NO.

scholarly journals Chemiluminescent measurements of nitric oxide pulmonary diffusing capacity and alveolar production in humans

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 1931-1940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene B. Perillo ◽  
Richard W. Hyde ◽  
Albert J. Olszowka ◽  
Anthony P. Pietropaoli ◽  
Lauren M. Frasier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Breath Holding ◽  
No Production ◽  
Diffusing Capacity ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity ◽  
Single Breath ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Oxygen Tensions ◽  
Single Constant

Measurements of nitric oxide (NO) pulmonary diffusing capacity (Dl NO) multiplied by alveolar NO partial pressure (Pa NO) provide values for alveolar NO production (V˙a NO). We evaluated applying a rapidly responding chemiluminescent NO analyzer to measure Dl NO during a single, constant exhalation (DexNO) or by rebreathing (DrbNO). With the use of an initial inspiration of 5–10 parts/million of NO with a correction for the measured NO back pressure, DexNO in nine healthy subjects equaled 125 ± 29 (SD) ml · min−1 · mmHg−1 and DrbNO equaled 122 ± 26 ml · min−1 · mmHg−1. These values were 4.7 ± 0.6 and 4.6 ± 0.6 times greater, respectively, than the subject's single-breath carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (DsbCO). Coefficients of variation were similar to previously reported breath-holding, single-breath measurements of DsbCO. Pa NOmeasured in seven of the subjects equaled 1.8 ± 0.7 mmHg × 10−6 and resulted in V˙a NO of 0.21 ± 0.06 μl/min using DexNO and 0.20 ± 0.6 μl/min with DrbNO. DexNO remained constant at end-expiratory oxygen tensions varied from 42 to 682 Torr. Decreases in lung volume resulted in falls of DexNO and DrbNO similar to the reported effect of volume changes on DsbCO. These data show that rapidly responding chemiluminescent NO analyzers provide reproducible measurements of Dl NO using single exhalations or rebreathing suitable for measuring V˙a NO.

scholarly journals AN ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING THE MEASUREMENT OF PULMONARY DIFFUSING CAPACITY BY THE SINGLE BREATH METHOD*

1961 ◽  
Vol 40 (8 Pt 1-2) ◽  
pp. 1495-1514 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Cadigan ◽  
Asher Marks ◽  
Marjorie F. Ellicott ◽  
Robert H. Jones ◽  
Edward A. Gaensler
Keyword(s):  
Diffusing Capacity ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity ◽  
Single Breath ◽  
Single Breath Method

Single-breath CO diffusing capacity influenced by initial alveolar partial pressure of CO

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (1) ◽  
pp. R339-R342
Author(s):  
Hartmut Heller ◽  
Klaus-Dieter Schuster
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Breath Holding ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Residual Volume ◽  
Diffusing Capacity ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Single Breath ◽  
Identical Manner ◽  
End Tidal

The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of incorrect determinations of the initial alveolar partial pressure of carbon monoxide (CO) at the beginning of breath holding (Pia CO) on the pulmonary CO diffusing capacity of the lung (Dl CO). Single-breath maneuvers were performed on 14 anesthetized and artificially ventilated rabbits, using 0.2% CO in nitrogen as the indicator gas mixture. Inflation and deflation procedures were carried out in an identical manner on each animal, with inflation always starting from residual volume. End-tidal partial pressure of CO was determined by respiratory mass spectrometry and was used to calculate Dl CO values with the application of the three-equation ( method 1), as well as the conventional ( method 2), solution. In each rabbit, method 2 caused Dl CO values to be overestimated when compared with method 1, and this overestimation decreased with increasing time intervals of CO uptake. Because we were able to recalculate this deviation using Pia COvalues that were obtained by taking the diffusive removal of CO during inflation into account, we concluded that errors in estimating Pia CO by applying method 2 significantly contribute to the discrepancy between both methods.

Effect of atropine and reserpine on pulmonary diffusing capacity during exercise in man

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Krumholz ◽  
Joseph C. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Breath Holding ◽  
Diffusing Capacity ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity ◽  
Pulmonary Diffusion ◽  
Pulmonary Capillary ◽  
Exercise Period ◽  
Capillary Bed

Pulmonary diffusing capacity increases with exercise. The rapidity of this increase after the onset of exercise and factors which may alter it, i.e. atropine (2.0 mg i.v.) and reserpine (0.5 mg/day p.o. for 7 days), were investigated. Breath-holding Dl determinations were made before exercise began, at 0–10 sec of exercise, after 1, 2, and 3 min of exercise, and 3 min after the end of exercise. Dl was already strikingly increased at 0–10 sec of exercise, although further increases occurred during the 3-min exercise period. Following atropine administration in nine subjects the immediate rise in Dl at 0–10 sec of exercise was significantly reduced (P < 0.01), but the increases with further exercise were not significantly altered. After the reserpine administration in six subjects, the 0–10 sec exercise Dl values tended to be lower, but not to a significance level of <.05, and there was a tendency toward lower Dl values throughout the 3-min exercise period. This study suggests, then, that the immediate and the later increases in Dl with exercise are produced by two different mechanisms. pulmonary diffusion; pulmonary diffusion in exercise; mechanism for increased diffusion in exercise; pulmonary capillary bed Submitted on September 23, 1963

THE SINGLE BREATH DIFFUSING CAPACITY AND THE PERMEABILITY OF THE LUNGS OF NORMAL MAN

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1283-1292
Author(s):  
Edith Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Sieve ◽  
The Other ◽  
Breath Holding ◽  
Diffusing Capacity ◽  
Alveolar Volume ◽  
Lung Volumes ◽  
Test Gas ◽  
Single Breath ◽  
Normal Man ◽  
Molecular Sieve Column

The single breath diffusing capacity for CO, DL, and the permeability of the lungs, K, were measured in six male and two female medical students at various lung volumes. The subjects rested 15 minutes before each test and the expired alveolar volume as well as breath-holding time and inspired volume were recorded on a spirogram. The test gas used consisted of 0.3% CO, 0.3% SF6, 20% O2, and the balance N2. The sample of alveolar gas expired after breath-holding was analyzed for CO and SF6 on a vapor fractometer using a 2-meter molecular sieve column. DL varied with the surface area of the subjects as well as with the alveolar volume at which the test was performed. K, on the other hand, was independent of the size of the subjects and decreased towards a constant value as lung volume became large. K should, therefore, be more reproducible than DL. The average permeability of the eight subjects used in this study was 0.0715 ml CO per second per ml of alveolar volume. In every experiment, alveolar volumes were also calculated from the SF6 dilution. These values, VD, were compared to alveolar volumes calculated from the maximum lung volumes, VA. For the males there was no measurable difference between alveolar volumes calculated by these two methods when 2 liters or more of test gas were inspired. It is suggested that the replacement of the measurement of DL in pulmonary function laboratories by an evaluation of K and VD may transform the single breath diffusing capacity test into a useful diagnostic tool.

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