scholarly journals Waste management system in Romania – status and development for bioeconomy

2019 ◽  
pp. 293-300
Author(s):  
Steliana Rodino ◽  
Marian Butu ◽  
Raluca Ion
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Management Hierarchy ◽  
Management Policies ◽  
Water And Soil Pollution ◽  
Superior Level

The waste management strategies released and applied in EU countries endeavor to achieve the improvement of natural resources use and efficiency towards reducing the air, water and soil pollution due to improper waste disposal or treatment. This paper is a blueprint on waste generation and waste management Policies, Laws and strategies existing in Romania compared to EU countries. According to Directive 2008/98/EC Waste, is defined as “any substance or object which the holder discards or intends or is required to discard”. One of the main principles of waste management strategies is to be able to process the waste generated towards reaching as up as possible the Waste Management Hierarchy. From the circular economy concept point of view, the incorrect treatment of waste is representing an important loss of resources, both in raw materials and energy and therefore recycling and reuse should reach a superior level every year.

Identification of waste management strategies and waste generation factors for thermal power plant sector wastes in Turkey

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-218
Author(s):  
Cansu Demir ◽  
Ülkü Yetiş ◽  
Kahraman Ünlü
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Turkish Republic ◽  
Process Modification

Thermal power plants are of great environmental importance in terms of the huge amounts of wastes that they produce. Although there are process-wise differences among these energy production systems, they all depend on the logic of burning out a fuel and obtaining thermal energy to rotate the turbines. Depending on the process modification and the type of fuel burned, the wastes produced in each step of the overall process may change. In this study, the most expected process and non-process wastes stemming from different power generation processes have been identified and given their European Waste Codes. Giving priority to the waste minimization options for the most problematic wastes from thermal power plants, waste management strategies have been defined. In addition, by using the data collected from site visits, from the literature and provided by the Turkish Republic Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, waste generation factor ranges expressed in terms of kilogram of waste per energy produced annually (kg/MWh) have been estimated. As a result, the highest generation was found to be in fly ash (24–63 for imported coal, 200–270 for native coal), bottom ash (1.3–6 for imported coal, 42–87 for native coal) and the desulfurization wastes (7.3–32) produced in coal combustion power plants. The estimated waste generation factors carry an important role in that they aid the authorities to monitor the production wastes declared by the industries.

Municipal solid waste generation, composition, and management: the global scenario

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 917-948
Author(s):  
Kapil Dev Sharma ◽  
Siddharth Jain
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Technology Selection ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The World ◽  
Solid Waste Generation

Purpose Due to the increasing population and prosperity, the generation rate of municipal solid waste (MSW) has increased significantly, resulting in serious problems on public health and the environment. Every single person in the world is affected by the municipal solid waste management (MSWM) issue. MSWM is reaching a critical level in almost all areas of the world and seeking the development of MSW strategies for a sustainable environment. This paper aims to present the existing global status of MSW generation, composition, management and related problems. Design/methodology/approach A total of 59 developed and developing countries have been grouped based on their gross national income to compare the status of various MSWM technologies among them. A total of 19 selection criteria have been discussed to select appropriate MSWM technology(s) for a city/town, which affects their applicability, operational suitability and performance. All risks and challenges arising during the life cycle of the waste to energy (WtE) project have also been discussed. This paper also gives a comparative overview of different globally accepted MSWM technologies and the present market growth of all WtE technologies. Findings It was found that most developed countries have effectively implemented the solid waste management (SWM) hierarchy and are now focusing heavily on reducing, reusing and recycling of MSW. On the other hand, SWM has become very serious in low-income and low-middle-income countries because most of the MSW openly dumps and most countries are dependent on inadequate waste infrastructure and the informal sector. There are also some other major challenges related to effective waste policies, availability of funds, appropriate technology selection and adequacy of trained people. This study clears the picture of MSW generation, composition, management strategies and policies at the worldwide context. This manuscript could be valuable for all nations around the world where effective MSWM has not yet been implemented. Originality/value This study clears the picture of solid waste generation, composition, management strategies and policies at the worldwide context. This manuscript could be valuable for all nations around the world where effective MSWM has not yet been implemented. In this study, no data was generated. All supporting data were obtained from previously published papers in journals, the outcomes of the international conferences and published reports by government organizations.

Co-Processing Hazardous Waste in the Chinese Cement Industry - Status 2014

2015 ◽  
Vol 768 ◽  
pp. 679-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Xu ◽  
Shao Feng Sun ◽  
Kårehelge Karstensen ◽  
Da Hai Yan ◽  
Zheng Peng
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Hazardous Waste ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Management Capacity ◽  
The World

As China develops its economy, hazardous waste generation is expected to increase rapidly. Recovery and recycling, i.e. co-processing of Alternative Fuels and Raw materials (AFRs) and treatment of hazardous waste in energy-and resource-intensive industries such as the cement industry seems to be an supplementary option to conventional technologies which can increase the overall waste management capacity in China significantly. With the largest cement production in the world, the industry can save significant amounts of non-renewable coal and raw materials by substitution with wastes which needs treatment. However, co-processing requires appropriate regulations and policies to support its development and safe and sound implementation.

scholarly journals TRADITIONAL MARKET SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT STUDY IN KEPANJEN, MALANG DISTRICT

Konversi ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hardianto Hardianto ◽  
I Nyoman Sudiasa ◽  
Shendy Hilda Sari
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Total Load ◽  
Method Calculation ◽  
Solid Waste Generation

Traditional markets are commercial areas that produce household-type solid waste so that the generation, composition, and the characteristics of the solid waste in Kepanjen Market will be different. This research is related to the reduction potential to improve solid waste management with the aim of determining the generation, composition, characteristics, collection and the transportation of the solid waste. The data used in this study include operational technical solid waste data, as well as secondary data such as area, number of traders, solid waste management resources, collection facilities, transportation routes, supporting maps. Solid waste generation calculation uses load-count analysis method. Calculation of solid waste composition uses the crossroad method. Calculation of physical characteristics includes specific gravity of solid waste. Calculation of transportation of solid waste uses the Hauled Container System method. Mass balance is analyzed using recovery factor values. The results of the analysis show that the solid waste generation average is 2.94 m3/day, with a specific gravity of 190.03 kg/m3. The highest composition of solid waste is food solid waste by 28.67% and vegetable and fruit solid waste by 22.67%. These components can be used as compost raw materials. The potential reduction with the mass balance method shows that the residue is 201.49 kg/day, reduction scenario can reduce solid waste by 36.06% of the total load that must be transported to the Final Processing Site. The solid waste transport result with the capacity/size of 6-10 m3 of a transport vehicle (arm roll truck) shows that the effective working hours for 8 hours can pick up the solid waste in 1 trip, and the transport fleet can serve other markets.

Assessment of environmental and economic benefits of packaging waste system in Italy

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-58
Author(s):  
Francesco Colelli ◽  
Edoardo Croci
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Social Costs ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Packaging Waste ◽  
Avoided Emissions ◽  
Social Costs And Benefits

The paper quantifies social costs and social benefits of packaging waste management system in Italy from 2015 to 2030. Future social costs and benefits are estimated based on the growth of waste generated and on the stringency of recycling and landfilling targets. Packaging waste generation is projected based on macroeconomic factors, consumer practices and technological eco-innovations. Social benefits are derived by the reduction of externalities' correspondent to the achievement of packaging waste management targets. We quantify two environmental ben-efits: avoided emissions and raw materials saved. We find that social costs may rise substan-tially in the future, as total system's operations costs in 2030 may increase by 48% with re-spect to 2015, due to the growth in the quantities of packaging waste generated. Meeting recy-cling and landfilling targets set by the new Circular Economy Package would imply a further 5% increase in total social costs in 2015. This latter increase is more than compensated by so-cial benefits related to the reduction in externalities due to more stringent targets.

scholarly journals Aspects of hazardous waste management legislation in lithuania

2020 ◽  
pp. 114-125
Author(s):  
Daiva Bereikienė
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Hazardous Waste ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Hazardous Waste Management ◽  
The Social ◽  
Waste Management Policy ◽  
Management Hierarchy

The article analyzes the legal regulation of hazardous waste management in Lithuania and its compliance with regional waste management strategies and legislation. Noteworthy, that in Lithuania, the hazardous waste management policy is based on the EU waste management hierarchy. We can assume that the system of administrative measures applied for the management of hazardous waste: licensing, permits, is appropriate and presupposes the reduction of the negative impact of the generation and management of hazardous waste on human health and the environment. For companies, which operates with hazardous waste management the legislation imposes an obligation to operate in accordance with the general EU environmental principles of precaution and sustainability, technical feasibility and economic viability, protection of resources, and the overall impact on the environment, public health, the economy and the social environment.

scholarly journals THE TERRITORIAL SCHEME OF WASTE MANAGEMENT AS A REGULATORY INSTRUMENT FOR THE FORMATION OF A SEPARATE WASTE COLLECTION SYSTEM

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-374
Author(s):  
O.P. Druzhakina
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Msw Management ◽  
Secondary Raw Materials ◽  
Udmurt Republic ◽  
Ecological Culture ◽  
Waste Separation

The issues of application of the Territorial scheme of waste management in the Udmurt Republic and legal regulation in the field of municipal waste management from the position of forming a system of separate waste collection are considered. The main focus is on the regulatory and management mechanism for the application of the Territorial scheme from the point of view of the formation of waste processing infrastructure, their use as secondary raw materials and the introduction of waste separation collection. The article analyzes the experience of various countries in minimizing the anthropogenic impact of waste and introducing separate collection with the extraction of secondary raw materials using legal methods. There are "gaps" in the practice of developing and implementing a Territorial scheme as a resource for creating an administrative and legal field for separate waste collection and from the point of view of attracting the processor, as well as from the point of view of forming the ecological culture of the population. Conclusions are drawn and recommendations are made on the need to include in the points and sections of the scheme, on the example of the Udmurt Republic, mechanisms for implementing separate waste collection, forming an environmental culture of the population and attracting processors as active participants in the MSW management system.

scholarly journals Textile packaging waste in the context of implementing the concept of circular economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (05) ◽  
pp. 499-503
Author(s):  
Eftalea Carpus ◽  
Angela Dorogan ◽  
Cristina Stroe
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Recycling Rate ◽  
Waste Plastics ◽  
Packaging Waste ◽  
Management Hierarchy ◽  
Legislative Measures

At European level, there are concrete measures regarding waste management in the circular economy, and these refer to: mandatory recycling rates for different categories of waste: plastics, glass, metals, paper and cardboard as well as biodegradable waste; the obligation to redesign the products in order to increase the proportion of raw materials resulting from recycling and to increase the degree of recycling of products, in order to consider them as secondary raw materials; promoting and stimulating the reuse of products; increasing the recycling rate of municipal waste by 2030 to a minimum of 65%; increasing the recycling rate of packaging waste by 2030 to a minimum of 75%; reduction of food wastage and implicitly of the resulted food waste by 50% by 2030. The large amount of packaging waste determined the taking of legislative measures that defined the obligations of pack- aging producers/distributors, recycling objectives and the waste management hierarchy. New targets for the recycling of packaging waste predict a growth to 65% in 2025 and 70% in 2030 [1]. Textile packaging waste is an important link in the integrated management of waste whose recovery contributes to the conservation and improvement of natural capital.

Design and Operation of Semi-Aerobic Landfill

2020 ◽  
pp. 246-258
Author(s):  
Mohd Suffian Yusoff ◽  
Mohd Faiz Muaz Ahmad Zamri
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Disposal Site ◽  
Sanitary Landfill ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Sustainable Waste Management ◽  
The Future ◽  
Management Hierarchy

Landfilling is broadly recognized as a proper waste disposal method. Although ranked at the bottom of sustainable waste management hierarchy, final waste disposal technologies like sanitary landfill remain crucial for development country due to increasing waste generation. Since landfill is a permanent disposal site that could cause serious environmental pollution, a proper planning and development of landfill are important in avoiding problems in the future. In this chapter the general principles of landfill design and operation is given at the beginning. Then the following discussions were focusing on the design and operation of semi-aerobic landfill. The revision for design and operation of semi-aerobic landfill working phase were reported separately. Finally the summary of the discussion were given at the end of this chapter.

Design and Operation of Semi-Aerobic Landfill

2020 ◽  
pp. 751-763
Author(s):  
Mohd Suffian Yusoff ◽  
Mohd Faiz Muaz Ahmad Zamri
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Disposal Site ◽  
Sanitary Landfill ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Sustainable Waste Management ◽  
The Future ◽  
Management Hierarchy

Landfilling is broadly recognized as a proper waste disposal method. Although ranked at the bottom of sustainable waste management hierarchy, final waste disposal technologies like sanitary landfill remain crucial for development country due to increasing waste generation. Since landfill is a permanent disposal site that could cause serious environmental pollution, a proper planning and development of landfill are important in avoiding problems in the future. In this chapter the general principles of landfill design and operation is given at the beginning. Then the following discussions were focusing on the design and operation of semi-aerobic landfill. The revision for design and operation of semi-aerobic landfill working phase were reported separately. Finally the summary of the discussion were given at the end of this chapter.

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