scholarly journals LOW HEATING VALUE PREDICTION FROM PROXIMATE ANALYSIS FOR SEWAGE SLUDGE SAMPLES

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes Serbanescu ◽  
◽  
Mona Barbu ◽  
Ileana Nicolescu ◽  
Georgeta Madalina Arama
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Value Prediction

Which One Does Better Predict the Heating Value of Biomass?—Dry Based or As-Received Based Proximate Analysis Results?

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ozyuguran ◽  
H. Haykiri-Acma ◽  
S. Yaman
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Prediction Performance ◽  
Bias Error ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Value Prediction ◽  
Predicted Values

Thirty-nine different species of waste biomass materials that include woody or herbaceous resources as well as nut shells and juice pulps were used to develop empirical equations to predict the calorific value based on the proximate analysis results. Ten different linear/nonlinear equations that contain proximate analysis ingredients including or excluding the moisture content were tested by means of least-squares method to predict the HHV (higher heating value). Prediction performance of each equation was evaluated considering the experimental and the predicted values of HHV and the criteria of MAE (mean absolute error), AAE (average absolute error), and ABE (average bias error). It was concluded that the presence of moisture as a parameter improves the prediction performance of these equations. Also, the samples were classified into two subsets according to their fixed carbon (FC)/ash values and then the correlations were repeated for each subset. Both the full set of samples and the subsets showed a similar trend that the presence of moisture in equations enhances the prediction performance. Also, the FC content may be disregarded from the equation of the calorific value prediction when the FC/ash ratio is lower than a given value.

scholarly journals Influence of Acids and Alkali as Additives on Hydrothermally Treating Sewage Sludge: Influence on Phosphorus Recovery, Yield, and Energy Value of Hydrochar

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 618
Author(s):  
Vicky Shettigondahalli Ekanthalu ◽  
Satyanarayana Narra ◽  
Jan Sprafke ◽  
Michael Nelles
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
Sewage Sludge Management

The high moisture content present in sewage sludge hinders the use of sewage sludge in incineration or energy application. This limitation of moisture present in sewage sludge can be obviated by using the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) process. In sewage sludge management, the HTC process requires less energy compared to other conventional thermo–chemical management processes. The HTC process produces energy-rich hydrochar products and simultaneously enables phosphorus recovery. This study investigates the influence of organic acids, inorganic acid, and alkali as additives on phosphorus transformation, yield, proximate analysis and the heating value of subsequently produced hydrochar. The analysis includes various process temperatures (200 °C, 220 °C, and 240 °C) in the presence of deionized water, acids (0.1 M and 0.25 M; H2SO4, HCOOH, CH3COOH), and alkali (0.1 M and 0.25 M; NaOH) solutions as feed water. The results show that phosphorus leaching into the process-water, hydrochar yield, proximate analysis, and the heating value of produced hydrochar is pH- and temperature-dependent, and particularly significant in the presence of H2SO4. In contrast, utilization of H2SO4 and NaOH as an additive has a negative influence on the heating value of produced hydrochar.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Characterisation and the Prospects of Biofuel Production from Rubberwood Sawdust and Sewage Sludge

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 5942
Author(s):  
Liaqat Ali ◽  
Khurshid Ahmed Baloch ◽  
Arkom Palamanit ◽  
Shan Ali Raza ◽  
Sawanya Laohaprapanon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Degradation Behaviour ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Liquid Products

This study aims to evaluate the physicochemical properties of rubberwood sawdust (RWS) and sewage sludge (SS) for producing biofuel or liquid products via pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis. The chemical and thermal properties of both samples were observed to have superior bioenergy production capabilities. RWS and SS had significantly different physicochemical properties, such as particle-size distribution, bulk density, ultimate and proximate analysis, lignocellulose composition, thermal-degradation behaviour, and major and minor elements. The composition of extractives was found to only marginally affect the end product. Carbon and hydrogen content, the two main elements for biofuel enhancement, were found to correlate with the organic components of both RWS (48.49, 7.15 wt.%) and SS (32.29, 4.06 wt.%). SS had a higher elemental composition of iron, calcium, and potassium than RWS. Both samples had a higher heating value of 13.98 to 21.01 MJ/kg and a lower heating value of 11.65 to 17.66 MJ/kg, a lesser energy potential than that of fossil fuels. The findings from these blends are relatively moderate due to the related lignocellulosic potential composition. The novel contribution of this research was to optimize the use of local waste materials as a new raw material for biofuel production that could serve as a sustainable fuel source.

Evaluasi Prediksi Higher Heating Value (HHV) Biomassa Berdasarkan Analisis Proksimat

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Made Dirgantara ◽  
Karelius Karelius ◽  
Marselin Devi Ariyanti, Sry Ayu K. Tamba
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Bomb Calorimeter ◽  
Hhv Prediction

Abstrak – Biomassa merupakan salah satu energi terbarukan yang sangat mudah ditemui, ramah lingkungan dan cukup ekonomis. Keberadaan biomassa dapat dimaanfaatkan sebagai pengganti bahan bakar fosil, baik itu minyak bumi, gas alam maupun batu bara. Analisi diperlukan sebagai dasar biomassa sebagai energi seperti proksimat dan kalor. Analisis terpenting untuk menilai biomassa sebagai bahan bakar adalah nilai kalori atau higher heating value (HHV). HHV secara eksperimen diukur menggunakan bomb calorimeter, namun pengukuran ini kurang efektif, karena memerlukan waktu serta biaya yang tinggi. Penelitian mengenai prediksi HHV berdasarkan analisis proksimat telah dilakukan sehingga dapat mempermudah dan menghemat biaya yang diperlukan peneliti. Dalam makalah ini dibahas evaluasi persamaan untuk memprediksi HHV berdasarkan analisis proksimat pada biomassa berdasarkan data dari penelitian sebelumnya. Prediksi nilai HHV menggunakan lima persamaan yang dievaluasi dengan 25 data proksimat biomassa dari penelitian sebelumnya, kemudian dibandingkan berdasarkan nilai error untuk mendapatkan prediksi terbaik. Hasil analisis menunjukan, persamaan A terbaik di 7 biomassa, B di 6 biomassa, C di 6 biomassa, D di 5 biomassa dan E di 1 biomassa.Kata kunci: bahan bakar, biomassa, higher heating value, nilai error, proksimat  Abstract – Biomass is a renewable energy that is very easy to find, environmentally friendly, and quite economical. The existence of biomass can be used as a substitute for fossil fuels, both oil, natural gas, and coal. Analyzes are needed as a basis for biomass as energy such as proximate and heat. The most critical analysis to assess biomass as fuel is the calorific value or higher heating value (HHV). HHV is experimentally measured using a bomb calorimeter, but this measurement is less effective because it requires time and high costs. Research on the prediction of HHV based on proximate analysis has been carried out so that it can simplify and save costs needed by researchers. In this paper, the evaluation of equations is discussed to predict HHV based on proximate analysis on biomass-based on data from previous studies. HHV prediction values using five equations were evaluated with 25 proximate biomass data from previous studies, then compared based on error value to get the best predictions. The analysis shows that Equation A predicts best in 7 biomass, B in 6 biomass, C in 6 biomass, D in 5 biomass, and E in 1 biomass. Key words: fuel, biomass, higher heating value, error value, proximate 

Production of fuels on the basis of sewage sludge through conditioning using high calorific value fractions

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl-Georg Schmelz ◽  
Anja Reipa ◽  
Hartmut Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Fine Coal ◽  
Used Cars ◽  
Plastic Components

Emschergenossenschaft and Lippeverband operate 59 wastewater treatment plants which produce approx. 100,000 Mg TS of sewage sludge each year. Using sludge pressure pipelines, about 60 % of this sludge are transported to the central sludge treatment plant in Bottrop. The digested sludges are conditioned using fine coal and polymers and are dewatered using membrane filters. By adding coal, the heating value of the sludge is raised which enables autothermal combustion of the dewatered sludges in fluidised bed furnaces at the central sludge treatment plant. In order to replace coal, a fossil fuel, as conditioning agent, experiments were conducted using alternative materials with high heating values. The addition of shredder fluff agglomerates proved to be particularly successful. Shredder fluff agglomerates are a residue from the recycling of used cars and are generated in a multistage process (e.g. Volkswagen-SiCon Process) by separating the light shredder fraction (plastic components etc.) from the total shredder fluff. The fibrous material is outstandingly suitable for improving the dewaterability and for sufficiently raising the heating value of the dewatered sludge in order to enable autothermal combustion. Since first experiments showed very positive results, a full-scale long-term test-run will take place in 2007.

scholarly journals Colored cotton wastes valuation through thermal and catalytic reforming of pyrolysis vapors (Py-GC/MS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janduir Egito da Silva ◽  
Guilherme Quintela Calixto ◽  
Rodolfo Luiz Bezerra de Araújo Medeiros ◽  
Marcus Antônio de Freitas Melo ◽  
Dulce Maria de Araújo Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Content ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Catalytic Reforming ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Colored Cotton ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Naturally Colored Cotton ◽  
Main Influence

AbstractThis study aims to analyze the products of the catalytic pyrolysis of naturally colored cotton residues, type BRS (seeds from Brazil), called BRS-Verde, BRS-Rubi, BRS-Topázio and BRS-Jade. The energy characterization of biomass was evaluated through ultimate and proximate analysis, higher heating value, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin content, thermogravimetric analysis and apparent density. Analytical pyrolysis was performed at 500 °C in an analytical pyrolyzer from CDS Analytical connected to a gas chromatograph coupled to the mass spectrometer (GC/MS). The pyrolysis vapors were reformed at 300 and 500 °C through thermal and catalytic cracking with zeolites (ZSM-5 and HZSM-5). It has been noticed that pyrolysis vapor reforming at 500 °C promoted partial deoxygenation and cracking reactions, while the catalytic reforming showed better results for the product deoxygenation. The catalyst reforming of pyrolysis products, especially using HZSM-5 at 500 °C, promoted the formation of monoaromatics such as benzene, toluene, xylene and styrene, which are important precursors of polymers, solvents and biofuels. The main influence on the yields of these aromatic products is due to the catalytic activity of ZSM-5 favored by increased temperature that promotes cracking reactions due expanded zeolites channels.

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