scholarly journals INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT ALONG THE ARCTIC COAST: ENVIRONMENT, ECONOMY AND SECURITY IMPLICATIONS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamrul Hossain ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Arctic ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Arctic Coast ◽  
Coast Environment

Light Railways as the Basic for Transport Infrastructure Development in Northern Territories of Russia

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
P.I. Tarasov
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Northern Territories ◽  
Mode Of Transport

Research objective: studies of economic and transport infrastructure development in the Arctic and Northern Territories of Russia. Research methodology: analysis of transport infrastructure in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and the types of railways used in Russia. Results: economic development of any region is proportional to the development of the road transport infrastructure and logistics. When a conventional railway is operated in the Arctic conditions, it is not always possible to maintain a cargo turnover that would ensure its efficient use, and transshipment from one mode of transport to another is very problematic. A new type of railway is proposed, i.e. a light railway. Conclusions: the proposed new type of transport offers all the main advantages of narrow gauge railroads (high speed of construction, efficiency, etc.) and helps to eliminate their main disadvantage, i.e. the need for transloading when moving from a narrow gauge to the conventional one with the width of 1520 mm, along with a significant reduction in capital costs.

The Last Interglaciation in Northeast Siberia

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoly V. Lozhkin ◽  
Patricia M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
General Circulation ◽  
General Circulation Models ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The North ◽  
River Terraces ◽  
Atmospheric General Circulation ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Atmospheric General Circulation Models ◽  
Arctic Coast ◽  
Organic Deposits

AbstractAlluvial, fluvial, and organic deposits of the last interglaciation are exposed along numerous river terraces in northeast Siberia. Although chronological control is often poor, the paleobotanical data suggest range extensions of up to 1000 km for the primary tree species. These data also indicate that boreal communities of the last interglaciation were similar to modern ones in composition, but their distributions were displaced significantly to the north-northwest. Inferences about climate of this period suggest that mean July temperatures were warmer by 4 to 8°C, and seasonal precipitation was slightly greater. Mean January temperatures may have been severely cooler than today (up to 12°C) along the Arctic coast, but similar or slightly warmer than present in other areas. The direction and magnitude of change in July temperatures agree with Atmospheric General Circulation Models, but the 126,000-year-B.P. model results also suggest trends opposite to the paleobotanical data, with simulated cooler winter temperatures and drier conditions than present during the climatic optimum.

Salinity tolerance of larval and juvenile broad whitefish (Coregonus nasus)

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 2392-2397 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. E. de March
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Migratory Fish ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Time To Death ◽  
Arctic Coast

In the absence of distribution data for juvenile broad whitefish, Coregonus nasus, laboratory experiments were designed to elucidate the salinity ranges that the species will tolerate. Larval fish (12–18 mm) died within 120 h at salinities of 12.5‰ and higher at both 5 and 10 °C, though more slowly at 5 °C. Salinities of 12.5 and 15‰, but no higher, were tolerated for 120 h at 15 °C. Larvae fed readily at 15 °C but not at 5 or 10 °C. Slightly larger and more-developed larvae (15–19 mm) were tolerant of 12.5‰ but died within 120 h at 15‰ at the same three temperatures. These fish fed more readily than the younger ones. Larger fish (33–68 mm) were generally tolerant of 15–20‰ but not of higher salinities in 120-h tolerance tests. Larger field-collected fish (27–200 mm) reacted similarly but were more tolerant of salinities between 20 and 27‰ in 96-h tests. Analysis of both experiments with larger fish suggests that time to death was inversely related to size as well as to salinity. Coregonus nasus does not seem to be more tolerant of saline conditions than other freshwater or migratory fish species. Experimental results combined with limited information about the species' distribution suggest that man-made constructions on the arctic coast might seriously affect dispersal or annual migrations.

scholarly journals Legal protection of the Arctic environment related tourism activity

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-23
Author(s):  
Nikolai Kudelkin
Keyword(s):  
Legal Protection ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Arctic Environment ◽  
Cruise Tourism ◽  
Tourism Activity

The Arctic continues to attract more and more tourists. In some of the Arctic regions, tourism in general and cruise tourism in particular is becoming one of the fastest growing economic sectors. However, aside from the economic benefit, the Arctic tourism poses a certain threat to the sensitive environment of the Arctic, which currently experiences constantly increasing pressure from economic activity and climate change. Major negative consequences of tourism activity include the pollution of territories and water zones, worry of animals, direct destruction of flora and fauna, loss of the places of habitat due to infrastructure development, etc. The listed facts underline relevance of the selected topic of research, as well as the need for legal protection of the Arctic environment from negative effects caused by tourism. Analysis is conducted on the current situation in the area of Arctic tourism, as well as the questions of Russia’s Arctic policy pertaining to tourism activity. A brief overview is provided to the international legal regulation in this sphere. The author concludes on the insufficiency of legal regulation in the area of Arctic tourism, and gives recommendations on the improvement of Russian legislation. It is noted that tourism is one of the few types of activities in the Arctic that sparks interests of multiple countries, and in which the acceptance of universal standards seems possible.

scholarly journals A Photographic Record of the Upper Headwater Tributaries, Basins and Riparia of the Snake River

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
Susan Green ◽  
Dr. Michael Krop
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Snake River ◽  
Glacier Bay ◽  
Tundra Vegetation ◽  
The Us ◽  
Arctic Coast ◽  
Vantage Points ◽  
Bear Management

Photographic surveys have been used since the early 1940’s to document coastlines, fuel supplies and river courses. The US Navy, post world war II, flew over the Arctic coast to document possible locations for oil extraction. These very same photos are now being utilized to compare changes in tundra vegetation at the same locations today. John Muirs’ photos of Glacier Bay are a startling testament to the melted glaciers no longer visible from the same vantage point in present times. Taking photographs to monitor change may not tell the entire story behind a change in landscape. However, photos taken over a number of years from the same vantage points, can help monitor landscape changes due to habitat fragmentation, global warming, forest fire, cattle grazing and other land management issues. Photo monitoring is inexpensive, simple and can portray change to many different groups. Of course, photos taken to reveal change must start with documenting current or normal conditions. This is sometimes called baseline monitoring. The park ranger in Glacier National Park did not realize when he took his picture of the Grinnell glacier in 1911 that his photo would become an alarming baseline photo for evidence of global warming. The purpose of this project was to document the Snake River headwater basin and its riparian zones as a document in time for future reference. The original documentation included 48 images of two main headwater areas; the Shoshone and Lewis Lake areas and the Fox Park-Two Ocean Bear Management Areas near the Yellowstone Park border. Since the Shoshone-Lewis lakes are easily assessable and photo space here is limited, I have chosen to only use photos from the more remote areas.

scholarly journals Large-Scale Variation in Growth of Black Brant Goslings Related to Food Availability

The Auk ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 1088-1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
James S. Sedinger ◽  
Mark P. Herzog ◽  
Brian T. Person ◽  
Morgan T. Kirk ◽  
Tim Obritchkewitch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
First Year ◽  
Principal Mechanism ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Brood Rearing ◽  
Branta Bernicla ◽  
Black Brant ◽  
Arctic Coast

AbstractWe examined variation in growth of Black Brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) goslings among two colonies on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta in southwestern Alaska and the Colville River Delta on Alaska's Arctic coast. We simultaneously measured abundance and quality of a key food plant, Carex subspathacea, and grazing pressure on that plant at the three colonies. Our goal was to measure variation in gosling growth in relation to variation in grazing pressure and food abundance because growth of goslings is directly linked to first-year survival, and consequently is the principal mechanism for density-dependent population regulation. Goslings grew substantially faster on the arctic coast and were nearly 30% larger than those on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta at four to five weeks old. Faster growth on the arctic coast was associated with 2× greater standing crop of C. subspathacea during brood rearing than on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta. Dispersal rates are high enough (Lindberg et al. 1998) to rule out local adaptation and genetic variation as explanations for observed variation in growth. Our results are consistent with lower survival of goslings from the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta during their first fall migration and stronger density-dependent regulation on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta than on the Arctic coast.

Barrenland Beauties: Showy Plants of the Arctic Coast

1992 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Sidney E. White ◽  
Page M. Burt
Keyword(s):  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Coast
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