scholarly journals Tertiary phosphorus removal to extremely low levels by coagulation-flocculation and cloth-filtration

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Fundneider ◽  
L. Alejo ◽  
S. Lackner
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Soluble Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Organic Micropollutants ◽  
Synergy Effects ◽  
Coupled Process ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Solids Removal

Abstract Higher standards in the European Water Framework Directive and national directive demand advanced wastewater treatment for removal of nutrients and organic micropollutants before the discharge into water bodies. Systematic investigations regarding relative dosage and filtration processes for removal of flocculated solids are currently lacking. In this study, the performance of technologies for advanced removal of total phosphorus down to <100 μg/L with pile cloth-filtration (CF) and membrane filtration was verified and synergy effects for the removal of other contaminants were identified. The results show that an over-stoichiometric addition of coagulants of >5 mol Me3+/mol sRP was necessary to achieve soluble reactive phosphorus (sRP) concentrations of <50 μg/L in the effluent. After the coupled process of tertiary phosphorus removal and solids removal, the soluble non-reactive phosphorus (sNRP) concentration regulates the lowest total phosphorus effluent concentration. sNRP is also partially, but not completely, removed by the use of coagulants. CF has proven to be an alternative technology for the removal of phosphorus and total suspended solids below the detection limit.

scholarly journals Impacts of drying and reflooding on water quality of a tropical semi-arid reservoir during an extended drought event

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jéssica Nayara de Carvalho Leite ◽  
Vanessa Becker
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Algal Biomass ◽  
Soluble Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Drought Event ◽  
Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract Aim The aim of this study was to analyze the water quality of a tropical, semi-arid reservoir after a reflooding. In terms of impact on water quality after a drought event, it is expected that there will be improvements with the reflooding. Less algal biomass, increased water transparency, decreased turbidity and low nutrient concentration. Methods This study was performed in a tropical, semi-arid man-made lake (Dourado Reservoir), during an extended drought period. This study consisted of a comparison of three distinct periods determined by water accumulation. The limnological variables, including water transparency, turbidity, electrical conductivity, pH, total phosphorus, soluble reactive phosphorus, and chlorophyll-a were analyzed. A principal component analysis (PCA) was also performed to verify the patterns of the variables in relation to the sample units in the studied periods. Results After water renewal, there was an expressive reduction in chlorophyll-a. Electrical conductivity, pH, and turbidity variables also reduced after the reflooding, indicating an improvement in water quality. There was no reduction in total phosphorus and soluble reactive phosphorus after the reflooding compared to the previous periods. Conclusions The significant reduction in algal biomass after reflooding in Dourado indicates water quality improvement in terms of eutrophication due to the change of the trophic state from eutrophic to mesotrophic.

Total Phosphorus Removal to Low Levels Through Tertiary Reactive Filtration

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 (17) ◽  
pp. 1625-1640
Author(s):  
William Leaf ◽  
Bruce Johnson ◽  
Remy Newcombe
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Low Levels

Evolution of Dissolved and Particulate Matter during the Ice-Covered Period in a Deep, High-Mountain Lake

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 945-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordi Catalan
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Soluble Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Mountain Lake ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
High Mountain Lake ◽  
Dissolved Organic Compounds ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Reactive Phosphorus

Changes in inorganic and organic matter beneath the ice in a deep oligotrophic lake are used to establish temporal and spatial scales of physical and biological processes involved in the dynamics of the system during low energy flow. Four phases were distinguished: (1) Ice-forming phase; light still penetrated the relatively thin snowpack, production was high, and a chlorophyll maximum developed close to the ice. (2) Transition towards a dark environment; light was reduced to very low levels by rapid snow accumulation, phytoplankton showed symptoms of shade adaptation, and nutrients and dissolved organic compounds changed markedly (e.g. soluble reactive phosphorus increased). (3) Central phase; for several months, loss processes (respiration, sedimentation) maintained constant rates, three zones of differing variability patterns were distinguished in the water column: an upper zone where biomass was higher and which was affected by exchange of substances with the cover during flooding processes, a middle zone with little change throughout the phase, and a deep layer, identified by catabolic activity, where diffusion of compounds from the sediment took place. (4) Thaw; sequential changes occurred near the surface owing to snowpack melting, chlorophyll reached the lowest winter values of the period in spite of light and nutrients, and nitrogen compounds changed significantly.

Response of Lake Ontario to Reductions in Phosphorus Load, 1967–82

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 2059-2068 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. J. Stevens ◽  
M. A. Neilson
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Algal Biomass ◽  
Soluble Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Multiple Regression Equation ◽  
Phosphorus Load ◽  
N:P Ratios ◽  
Reactive Phosphorus

Total phosphorus (TP) loading to Lake Ontario has declined from 14 600 t∙yr−1 in 1969 to 8900 t∙yr−1 in 1982. Midlake spring TP has responded rapidly to these reductions, decreasing at the rate of 1.09 μg∙L−1∙yr−1 from a maximum of 30.6 μg∙L−1 in 1973 to 12.8 μg∙L−1 in 1982. Spring soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) exhibited a proportionally larger decrease than TP such that 1982 SRP was 33% of 1973 levels, compared with 42% for TP. A multiple regression equation indicated an 80% response time of spring TP within 2 yr and a 90% response time within 4 yr. Spring nitrate plus nitrite has increased since 1969 at the rate of 9.5 μg∙L−1∙yr−1 causing N:P ratios to increase from 10 to 32. Mean summer epilimnetic TP declined at the rate of only 0.3 μg∙L−1∙yr−1 from 1977 to 1982 so that mean summer TP levels now exceed spring TP by 1–2 μg∙L−1. This suggests that loading to the lake during the stratified period has not shown a similar decline and may be responsible for the lack of a trend in algal biomass indicators during this period.

scholarly journals The Integrated Catchments model of Phosphorus dynamics (INCA-P), a new approach for multiple source assessment in heterogeneous river systems: model structure and equations

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Wade ◽  
P. G. Whitehead ◽  
D. Butterfield
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soluble Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Particulate Phosphorus ◽  
Model Structure ◽  
River Systems ◽  
Soil System ◽  
Phosphorus Dynamics ◽  
Reactive Phosphorus

Abstract. A new model has been developed for assessing the effects of multiple sources of phosphorus on the water quality and aquatic ecology in heterogeneous river systems. The Integrated Catchments model for Phosphorus (INCA-P) is a process-based, mass balance model that simulates the phosphorus dynamics in both the plant/soil system and the stream. The model simulates the spatial variations in phosphorus export from different land use types within a river system using a semi-distributed representation, thereby accounting for the impacts of different land management practices, such as organic and inorganic fertiliser and wastewater applications. The land phase of INCA-P includes a simplified representation of direct runoff, soilwater and groundwater flows, and the soil processes that involve phosphorus. In addition, the model includes a multi-reach in-stream component that routes water down the main river channel. It simulates Organic and Inorganic Phosphorus concentrations in the land phase, and Total Phosphorus (dissolved plus particulate phosphorus) concentrations in the in-stream phase. In-stream Soluble Reactive Phosphorus concentrations are determined from the Total Phosphorus concentrations and the macrophyte, epiphyte and algal biomasses are simulated also. This paper describes the model structure and equations, the limitations and the potential utility of the approach. Keywords: modelling, water quality, phosphorus, soluble reactive phosphorus, basin management

Effects of Large-Scale Metalimnetic Migration Events on Phosphorus Dynamics In a North-Temperate Reservoir

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
William F. James ◽  
Robert H. Kennedy ◽  
Robert F. Gaugush
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Soluble Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Loading ◽  
Sediment Surface ◽  
Anoxic Water ◽  
Oxidized Iron ◽  
Phosphorus Sedimentation ◽  
Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Large Wind

In Eau Galle Reservoir, Wisconsin, early in the stratified period of 1982, hypolimnetic anoxia developed, soluble reactive phosphorus concentrations increased above the profundal sediment surface, and internal total phosphorus loading was high. Shortly thereafter, the passage of a cold front with high wind power resulted in mixing and a pronounced descent of the metalimnion. During this event, previously anoxic water within the metalimnion and upper hypolimnion became reoxygenated, internal total phosphorus loading declined to a minimum, and a loss of total phosphorus mass occurred from the metalimnion and hypolimnion. Total phosphorus mass in the epilimnion remained constant during this period. A similar pattern occurred during a large, wind-driven migration of the metalimnion in early August. During such events, phosphorus sedimentation rates increased in the hypolimnion, reflecting the loss of total phosphorus mass from the water column. In contrast, other investigations of lakes have reported that phosphorus is entrained into the epilimnion during metalimnetic migrations, rather than lost through sedimentation. Phosphorus sedimentation during large metalimnetic migration events in Eau Galle Reservoir may occur because previously anoxic water containing iron becomes reoxygenated, causing the coprecipitation and sedimentation of oxidized iron and phosphorus.

Longitudinal and seasonal development of planktonio chlorophyll a in the Rideau River, Ontario

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 804-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. K. Basu ◽  
F. R. Pick
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Soluble Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Seasonal Development ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Total Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Chlorophyll A Concentration ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Rideau River

Planktonic chlorophyll a (chl-a) concentrations in the Rideau River, Ontario showed longitudinal and seasonal variation and ranged from 2 to 19 μg∙L−1. Chlorophyll a concentrations in the river were not simply a reflection of the concentrations in the headwaters. On movement from the lentic headwaters into the lotic river waters there was usually a significant decrease in chl-a concentration. Downstream there were reaches of net increase in chl-a (sources), reaches of no change in concentration, and reaches of net decrease (sinks). Increases in concentration only occurred over reaches with retention times of 72 h or longer. No increases in chl-a concentration occurred over a reach with a retention time less than 50 h. Chlorophyll a concentration was not significantly correlated with discharge. Chlorophyll a concentration was positively related to total phosphorus concentration (R2 = 0.15, p = 0.016). About 50% of the variation in chl-a concentration could be accounted for by a combination of total phosphorus, nitrate, and soluble reactive phosphorus concentrations.

Spatial and Temporal Water Quality Trends in Severn Sound, Georgian Bay, since the Introduction of Phosphorus Control Guidelines: Nutrients and Phytoplankton, 1973 to 1991

1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.F. Gemza
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Soluble Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Euphotic Zone ◽  
Water Clarity ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

Abstract Severn Sound continues to exhibit signs of eutrophication despite initial identification of the problem in 1969 and the construction of several sewage treatment plants since then. In general, improvements in trophic state indicators have been marginal, suggesting that the sewage treatment plants have had limited success in controlling phosphorus concentrations. These discharges likely contributed to the increased total phosphorus levels and consequently the higher phytoplankton densities of the nearshore waters. Phytoplankton biovolumes were on average one order of magnitude higher than in the open waters of Lake Huron with mean summer biovolumes as high as 8.0 mm/L. Algal biovolumes were most dense in Penetang Bay, which experienced limited exchange with the main waters of the sound. No significant long-term trends were observed. Water clarity was declining significantly, however, at a rate of -0.60 to -0.78 m/year throughout the sound except in Sturgeon Bay. Total phosphorus levels were highly variable from year to year; however, concentrations from a 20-year perspective were declining in the open waters at a rate of 0.70 µg/L/year, but response was limited in nearshore areas. In Sturgeon Bay, mean annual euphotic zone total phosphorus as well as soluble reactive phosphorus levels declined by as much as 50% following the construction of a sewage treatment plant with tertiary treatment. Phytoplankton genera typical of eutrophic waters continued to dominate the algal assemblage but members indicative of mesotrophic conditions have become apparent in some areas of the sound.

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