scholarly journals Lead-resistant bacteria isolated from oil wastewater sample for bioremediation of lead

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (10) ◽  
pp. 2244-2249
Author(s):  
U. Utami ◽  
L. Harianie ◽  
N. R. Dunyana ◽  
Romaidi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Lead Toxicity ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Lead Ions ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Wastewater Sample ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Oil Wastewater

Abstract Anthropogenic activities such as oil exploration have resulted in an environmental concern as they are comprised of residual hydrocarbons and metals. Following the hypothesis that endogenous bacterial communities have enhanced tolerance to heavy metals, we isolated and characterized culturable lead-resistant bacteria from an oil wastewater sample and determined whether they could reduce lead ions from the medium. The wastewater sample containing indigenous bacteria were taken out from a traditional oil field, Bojonegoro District, East Java, Indonesia, and bacteria were cultured Halomonas complex (HMC) medium containing lead (II) chloride (PbCl2) with different concentrations. Bioaccumulation of lead by heavy-metals resistant bacteria was determined by using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Our result found 21 bacterial strains that resist lead ions, of which one strain (RPb5-3) highly resisted to 10 mM. This bacterial strain also exhibited the highest accumulation of Pb, and it could grow at various temperatures, or more than their original environment. The bacterial strains could be used for bioremediation of lead toxicity, especially in oil pollutants.

scholarly journals Accumulation of essential (copper, iron, zinc) and non-essential (lead, cadmium) heavy metals in Caulerpa racemosa, sea water, and marine sediments of Bintan Island, Indonesia

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 699
Author(s):  
Tengku Said Raza’i ◽  
Thamrin Thamrin ◽  
Nofrizal Nofrizal ◽  
Viktor Amrifo ◽  
Hilfi Pardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Caulerpa Racemosa ◽  
Mining Areas

Background: Heavy metals are materials naturally occurring in nature and increase with a rise in human activity. Ex-mining areas and domestic waste from human settlements are sources of heavy metal contamination that enter and pollute water, which then accumulates in various organisms including the Caulerpa racemosa community. The accumulation of heavy metals in C. racemosa has a wide impact on the food chain in aquatic ecosystems and humans because this alga is a consumptive commodity.   Methods: Sampling of C. racemosa was carried out at seven sites on Bintan Island, Indonesia covering the eastern (Teluk Bakau, Beralas Pasir, Malang Rapat), northern (Berakit and Pengudang), western (Sakera), and southern parts (Tg. Siambang). Sampling was carried out during different monsoons, and heavy metals in water and sediment samples were measured to determine the heavy metal concentration. Heavy metals were analyzed by a spectrophotometric method using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry.   Results: The results showed that heavy metal concentrations fluctuate according to changes in the wind season, which carry currents and spread pollutants into the water. The concentration of metal in the water is also from anthropogenic activities. The heavy metal content of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) in C. racemosa is high in locations close to settlements. Meanwhile, in seawater samples, Fe and Zn metals have the highest concentrations compared to others.  Conclusions: Ex-bauxite mines are a source of Fe and Zn metal contamination in the environment, especially at Tg. Siambang. The levels of these heavy metals in the sediment are also high, as surface particle deposits accumulate at the bottom of the sediment. In general, the levels of heavy metals Cd, Pb, Cu, Fe, and Zn increase in the northern monsoon because the dynamics of the water transport greater heavy metal pollution.

scholarly journals Assessment of Heavy Metal and Selenium Levels in Leachates and Soils of Central Bank of Nigeria Dumpsite Makurdi

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Aka J. Egwumah ◽  
Ishaq S. Eneji ◽  
Raymond A. Wuana
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Hydride Generation ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Permissible Limits ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Depths

Leachates from dumpsite basically contain a wide range of heavy metals and selenium. However, heavy metals have negative public health and environmental impacts once the leachates are allowed to infiltrate into groundwater. This is one of the oldest, growing problems threatening the surrounding globally. Therefore, it is imperative to quantify the information on the environmental impact of heavy metal and selenium levels, and suggesting various techniques that could be used to clean-up their concentrations from the environment to the minimum to ameliorate the plight of the people. The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of heavy metal and selenium levels in leachate of Central Bank of Nigeria dumpsite along University of Agriculture Road-Makurdi and also to investigate their levels in soil around the dumpsite platform. The concentrations of some heavy metals such as Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Mercury (Hg) and non metal Selenium (Se) levels in leachate from Central Bank of Nigeria Dumpsite platform and surrounding soil along University of Agriculture road, Makurdi, were determined using Atomic absorption spectrophotometry (Flame AAS) for Cr, Pb and Cd while cold vapour and hydride generation were used for Hg and Se respectively. The soil samples were collected at different depths (cm) 0 – 20, 20 – 40, 40 – 60 and 60 – 80. The levels of all heavy metals and non metal selenium in this study area were found to be higher than those of the control samples. The total mean concentration of the soil samples analysed for each metal and selenium levels at different depths range from Cr (74.7 – 2.6 mg/kg), Cd (7.41 – 0.6 mg/kg), Hg (4.45 – 1.4 mg/kg), Se (2.04 – 1.2 mg/kg) and Pb (8.53 – 1.7 mg/kg). The concentrations in leachates were Cr (0.079 mg/L), Cd (0.010 mg/L), but Pb, Hg and Se were not detected. The concentrations of Cr and Cd determined in leachate were below the WHO standard limits. Similarly, the concentrations of Pb, Hg and Se in soil analyzed in this study were within the permissible limits. However, the concentration of Cr and Cd were found to be higher than the permissible limits due to the increasing anthropogenic activities in the area. Awareness of the level of soil and leachate pollution around the dumpsite needs to be created urgently especially among people living in the environment. Proper and effective waste management plan should be developed and implemented.

scholarly journals Heavy metals content (Hg, Cd, Pb, and Cu) in streaked spinefoot Siganus javus (Linnaeus, 1766) in Bojonegara Waters, Banten Bay, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 322 ◽  
pp. 01005
Author(s):  
Cok Istri Agung Apriliyanti Tresanayaputri ◽  
Djamar T. F. Lumban Batu ◽  
Sulistiono
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Large Fish ◽  
High Accumulation ◽  
Fish Meat ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Safe Limit ◽  
Siganus Javus

Anthropogenic activities contribute to heavy metals so that their concentration in the waters increases and causes accumulation, especially in streaked spinefoot. This study aims to estimate the level accumulation of (Hg, Cd, Pb, and Cu) heavy metals contained in streaked spinefoot (Siganus javus) meat in Bojonegara waters, Banten Bay, Indonesia. A sampling of 30 to 50 grams of fish meat is carried out every month from August to October 2020 and heavy metals analysis in streaked spinefoot meat was carried out in February 2021 using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The (Hg, Cd, and Pb) heavy metals contained in the streaked spinefoot meat were undetected by the AAS, while the content of heavy metal Cu on small fish is 0.348 to 1.530 mg kg-1, and large fish is less than 0.015 mg kg-1 to 5.390 mg kg-1. Bioaccumulation Cu metal in small and large streaked spinefoot included low to high accumulation, while it was low for other types of metal. The safe limit for consumption of streaked spinefoot meat for adults (50 kg) is 32.468 kg of meat/week, while for children (15 kg), it is 9.740 kg of meat/week.

Polymorphism of p-450 cytochrome detoxication genes in adolescents depending on the degree of contamination of the organism by heavy metals

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 478-482
Author(s):  
N. P. Setko ◽  
A. G. Setko ◽  
Ekaterina V. Bulycheva ◽  
A. V. Tyurin ◽  
E. Yu. Kalinina
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Cyp2b6 Gene ◽  
Cytochrome P 450 ◽  
Gene Cyp1a1 ◽  
Group 1

Introduction. Changes in the body of children and adolescents aimed at adapting to environmental factors are determined by genetic polymorphism in xenobiotic biotransformation genes, determining the degree of susceptibility of the child’s body to pollutants, which is the basis of modern personalized preventive medicine when managing risks to the health of the child population under the influence of environmental factors. Material and methods. Trace elements, including heavy metals, lead and cadmium, were determined in the hair of 256 practically healthy teenagers by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Depending on the level of content of the latter, two groups of adolescents were formed to determine six genes of the cytochrome P-450 family. Group 1 consisted of adolescents whose cadmium lead content exceeded the average Russian indices. The second group included adolescents whose heavy metals were above the level of average Russian standards. Results. Studies have shown that in adolescents of the 1st group, compared with the data of adolescents of the 2nd group, an increase in the number of carriers of two mutant alleles at the locus rs 1048943 (gene CYP1A1) is 3.08 times, rs 464621 (gene CYP1A1) is 1. 8 times; locus rs 2069522 (CYP1A2 gene) 3.63 times; locus rs 1799853 (CYP2C9 * 2 gene) 4.5 times; locus rs 1057910 (gene CYP2C9 * 3) 3.8 times and locus rs 2279343 (gene CYP2B6) 4.25 times. Moreover, carriers of two normal alleles in adolescents of the first group at the locus rs 1048943 (gene CYP1A1) were 5.14 times; locus rs 2279343 (CYP2B6 gene) was 6.5 fold less than among adolescents of the 2nd group; and at the locus rs 464621 (gene CYP1A1), rs 2069522 (gene CYP1A2), rs 1799853 (gene CYP2C9 * 2), rs 1057910 (gene CYP2C9 * 3) there were no carriers of normal homozygotes. Conclusion. Group 1 adolescents with heavy metal contamination of the body are carriers significantly in a greater number of pathological mutations in the genes of the cytochrome P-450 detoxification system in comparison with data from group 2 adolescents.

Assessment of heavy metals in tobacco of cigarettes commonly sold in Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cigarette Tobacco ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Wet Digestion ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Cu And Zn ◽  
Significant Flux

A significant flux of heavy metals, among other toxins, reaches the lungs through smoking. This study reports Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn contents in tobacco of 11 brands of cigarette commonly sold in Ethiopia. The heavy metals were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry after wet digestion of cigarette tobacco using HNO3 and H2O2. The concentration of trace metals in the cigarettes ranged (mean) (μg/g), Cd: 1.3−7.6 (2.48±0.32), Pb: 0.50−12.50 (6.24±2.2), Cu: 2.89−25.35 (13.70±4.12) and Zn: 24.40−62.55 (36.22±7.50) while Ni was not detected in all the eleven brands of cigarettes. Comparable levels of trace metals were obtained in the tobacco of both imported and Ethiopian cigarettes. The average trace metal contents of cigarettes available in Ethiopia were Cd 1.82±0.39, Pb 4.23±0.97, Cu 10.2±3.1 and Zn 28.2±7.8 μg/cigarette and a person who smokes 20 cigarettes per day is estimated to increase his/her daily Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn retention by approximately 0.036, 0.085, 0.204, 0.564 mg/day, respectively. The results indicate that smoking and exposure to cigarette smoke is a serious problem to be taken into account when carrying out epidemiological studies on human exposure to trace metals.

Phyto-fabrication of Iron Nanoparticles: Characterization and Antibacterial Capacity

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma S. Algebaly ◽  
Afrah E. Mohammed ◽  
Mudawi M. Elobeid
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Iron Nanoparticles ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Plant Sources

Introduction: Fabrication of iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) has recently gained a great concern for their varied applications in remediation technologies of the environment. Objective: The current study aimed to fabricate iron nanoparticles by green technology approach using different plant sources, Azadirachta indica leaf and Calligonum comosum root following two extraction methods. Methods: Currently, a mixture of FeCl2 and FeCl3 was used to react with the plant extracts which are considered as reducing and stabilizing agents for the generation of FeNPs in one step. Different techniques were used for FeNPs identification. Results: Immediately after mixing of the two reaction components, the color changed to dark brown as an indication of safe conversion of Fe ions to FeNPs, that later confirmed by zeta sizer, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). FeNPs fabricated by C. comosum showed smaller size when compared by those fabricated by A. indica. Using both plant sources, FeNPs fabricated by the aqueous extract had smaller size in relation to those fabricated by ethanolic extract. Furthermore, antibacterial ability against two bacterial strains was approved. Conclusion: The current results indicated that, at room temperature plant extracts fabricated Fe ion to Fe nanoparticles, suggesting its probable usage for large scale production as well as its suitability against bacteria. It could also be recommended for antibiotic resistant bacteria.

Bacterial Strains Isolated from Heavy Metals Contaminated Soil and Wastewater with Potential to Oxidize Arsenite

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 333-347
Author(s):  
Shahid Sher ◽  
Abdul Ghani ◽  
Sikandar Sultan ◽  
Abdul Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Bacterial Strains

scholarly journals The Role of Aquatic Ecosystems (River Tua, Portugal) as Reservoirs of Multidrug-Resistant Aeromonas spp.

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 698
Author(s):  
Sónia Gomes ◽  
Conceição Fernandes ◽  
Sandra Monteiro ◽  
Edna Cabecinha ◽  
Amílcar Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
Resistance Rates

The inappropriate use of antibiotics, one of the causes of the high incidence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria isolated from aquatic ecosystems, represents a risk for aquatic organisms and the welfare of humans. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial resistance rates among riverine Aeromonas spp., taken as representative of the autochthonous microbiota, to evaluate the level of antibacterial resistance in the Tua River (Douro basin). The prevalence and degree of antibiotic resistance was examined using motile aeromonads as a potential indicator of antimicrobial susceptibility for the aquatic environment. Water samples were collected from the middle sector of the river, which is most impacted area by several anthropogenic pressures. Water samples were plated on an Aeromonas-selective agar, with and without antibiotics. The activity of 19 antibiotics was studied against 30 isolates of Aeromonas spp. using the standard agar dilution susceptibility test. Antibiotic resistance rates were fosfomycin (FOS) 83.33%, nalidixic acid (NA) 60%, cefotaxime (CTX) 40%, gentamicin (CN) 26.67%, tobramycin (TOB) 26.67%, cotrimoxazole (SXT) 26.67%, chloramphenicol (C) 16.67%, and tetracycline (TE) 13.33%. Some of the nalidixic acid-resistant strains were susceptible to fluoroquinolones. Multiple resistance was also observed (83.33%). The environmental ubiquity, the natural susceptibility to antimicrobials and the zoonotic potential of Aeromonas spp. make them optimal candidates for studying antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in aquatic ecosystems. Aquatic environments may provide an ideal setting for the acquisition and dissemination of antibiotic resistance because anthropogenic activities frequently impact them. The potential risk of multi- and pan-resistant bacteria transmission between animals and humans should be considered in a “One Health—One World” concept.

scholarly journals Geochemical Mapping, Risk Assessment, and Source Identification of Heavy Metals in Road Dust Using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF)

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 614
Author(s):  
Muhammad Faisal ◽  
Zening Wu ◽  
Huiliang Wang ◽  
Zafar Hussain ◽  
Chenyang Shen
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Matrix Factorization ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Road Dust ◽  
Positive Matrix Factorization ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Positive Matrix ◽  
The City

Heavy metals in road dust pose a significant threat to human health. This study investigated the concentrations, patterns, and sources of eight hazardous heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb, and Hg) in the street dust of Zhengzhou city of PR China. Fifty-eight samples of road dust were analyzed based on three methods of risk assessment, i.e., Geo-Accumulation Index (Igeo), Potential Ecological Risk Assessment (RI), and Nemerow Synthetic Pollution Index (PIN). The results exhibited higher concentrations of Hg and Cd 14 and 7 times higher than their background values, respectively. Igeo showed the risks of contamination in a range of unpolluted (Cr, Ni) to strongly polluted (Hg and Cd) categories. RI came up with the contamination ranges from low (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, and Pb) to extreme (Cd and Hg) risk of contamination. The risk of contamination based on PIN was from safe (Cu, As, and Pb) to seriously high (Cd and Hg). The results yielded by PIN indicated the extreme risk of Cd and Hg in the city. Positive Matrix Factorization was used to identify the sources of contamination. Factor 1 (vehicular exhaust), Factor 2 (coal combustion), Factor 3 (metal industry), and Factor 4 (anthropogenic activities), respectively, contributed 14.63%, 35.34%, 36.14%, and 13.87% of total heavy metal pollution. Metal’s presence in the dust is a direct health risk for humans and warrants immediate and effective pollution control and prevention measures in the city.

scholarly journals Testudines as Sentinels for Monitoring the Dissemination of Antibiotic Resistance in Marine Environments: An Integrative Review

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 775
Author(s):  
Kezia Drane ◽  
Roger Huerlimann ◽  
Michelle Power ◽  
Anna Whelan ◽  
Ellen Ariel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Sea Turtles ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Marine Environments ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Sensitivity Tests ◽  
Standard Culture

Dissemination of antibiotic resistance (AR) in marine environments is a global concern with a propensity to affect public health and many ecosystems worldwide. We evaluated the use of sea turtles as sentinel species for monitoring AR in marine environments. In this field, antibiotic-resistant bacteria have been commonly identified by using standard culture and sensitivity tests, leading to an overrepresentation of specific, culturable bacterial classes in the available literature. AR was detected against all major antibiotic classes, but the highest cumulative global frequency of resistance in all represented geographical sites was against the beta-lactam class by a two-fold difference compared to all other antibiotics. Wastewater facilities and turtle rehabilitation centres were associated with higher incidences of multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDRB) accounting for an average of 58% and 49% of resistant isolates, respectively. Furthermore, a relatively similar prevalence of MDRB was seen in all studied locations. These data suggest that anthropogenically driven selection pressures for the development of AR in sea turtles and marine environments are relatively similar worldwide. There is a need, however, to establish direct demonstrable associations between AR in sea turtles in their respective marine environments with wastewater facilities and other anthropogenic activities worldwide.

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