scholarly journals Modeling and optimizing electro-persulfate processes using Fe and Al electrodes for paper industry wastewater treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gamze Varank ◽  
Senem Yazici Guvenc ◽  
Ahmet Demir ◽  
Nihal Kavan ◽  
Nurten Donmez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Contaminant Removal ◽  
Optimization Of Process Parameters ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Central Composite

Abstract In this study, the treatment of paper industry wastewaters by the electrocoagulation (EC) process with a strong oxidant, persulfate addition, was investigated. Persulfate was activated by dissolution of Fe and Al from electrodes during the process. Central composite design method, being one of the response surface methods, was applied for the optimization of process parameters and the development of a mathematical model for chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal from paper industry wastewaters. The effects of S2O8−2/COD ratio, current, pH, and reaction time, being the variables of process, were assessed on the efficiency of contaminant removal. For COD removal in EC processes in which Fe and Al electrodes were used, the model's correlation coefficients (R2) were determined as 90.14% and 87.46%, respectively. As the result of experimental study actualized under optimum conditions determined by the model in order to obtain maximum contaminant removal, COD removal efficiencies were determined as 63.5% and 72.8% respectively for the Fe electrode (S2O8−2/COD ratio: 1.25, current: 4.14 A, pH: 6, and reaction time: 5 minutes), and the Al electrode (S2O8−2/COD ratio: 0.5, current: 4.25 A, pH: 7.25, and reaction time: 25 minutes). Electro-activated persulfate process is an appropriate treatment alternative for COD removal from paper industry wastewaters.

Optimization and statistical analysis of sono-Fenton treated wastewater of food industry using reactor by response surface method

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay A. Juwar ◽  
Ajit P. Rathod
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Molar Ratio

Abstract The present study deals with the treatment of complex waste (WW) treated for removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the food industry by a sono-Fenton process using a batch reactor. The response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to investigate the five independent variables, such as reaction time, the molar ratio of H2O2/Fe2+, volume ratio of H2O2/WW, pH of waste, and ultrasonic density on COD removal. The experimental data was optimized. The optimization yields the conditions: Reaction time of 24 min, HP:Fe molar ratio of 2.8, HP:WW volume ratio of 1.9 ml/L, pH of 3.6 and an ultrasonic density of 1.8 W/L. The predicted value of COD was 91% and the experimental result was 90%. The composite desirability value (D) of the predicted percent of COD removal at the optimized level of variables was close to one (D = 0.991).

OPTIMIZATION OF BIOGAS PRODUCTION FROM POULTRY MANURE WASTEWATER IN 250 ML FLASKS

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Choo Wei Chun ◽  
Nina Farhana Mohd Jamaludin ◽  
Norazwina Zainol
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Production Condition ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Central Composite

A research was conducted on anaerobic digestion from poultry manure wastewater to produce biogas. This research was considered as a triumph to the concept of waste-to-wealth. The poultry manure collected was characterized and pre-treated to remove excessive ammonia-N which caused inhibition to the biogas production. Central Composite Design (CCD) with five replicates at centre points was used to investigate the simultaneous effect of the variables: agitation (110-130 rpm) and reaction time (2-4 days) on the biogas production. Then, the experiment was designed and analyzed using Design Expert V7.0 software by applying response surface methodology (RSM) concept.The biogas production performance was evaluated on the basis of biogas yield from initial Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and was found ranged from 0.49 to 4.37 mL/g COD. Quadratic model was well fitted (R-squared>0.80) with a confidence level higher than 95 %. The optimum biogas production condition was at agitation: 120 rpm and reaction time: 3.3 days. Under this condition, 4.45 mL/g COD of biogas yield was obtained. This counted for 5.82% error from predicted values.

scholarly journals Improved Ozonation Efficiency for Polymerization Mother Liquid from Polyvinyl Chloride Production Using Tandem Reactors

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (24) ◽  
pp. 4436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyong Yang ◽  
Penglei Wang ◽  
Yagang Zhang ◽  
Xingjie Zan ◽  
Wenjuan Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Ozone Concentration ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
High Ozone Concentration ◽  
In Series

Polymerization mother liquid (PML) is one of the main sources of wastewater in the chlor-alkali industry. The effective degradation of the PML produced in PVC polymerization using three or five ozone reactors in tandem was designed with a focus on improving the ozonation efficiency. The ozonation efficiency of the tandem reactors for the degradation of PML, along with the effect of ozone concentration, the number of reactors utilized in series, and the reaction time on the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal were investigated in detail. The results showed that the COD removal increased as the ozone concentration was increased from 10.6 to 60 mg·L−1, achieving 66.4% COD removal at ozone concentration of 80.6 mg·L−1. However, when the ozone concentration was increased from 60 mg·L−1 to 80 mg·L−1, the COD removal only increased very little. The COD decreased with increasing ozone concentration. During the initial degradation period, the degradation rate was the highest at both low and high ozone concentrations. The degradation rate decreased with reaction time. The rate at a low ozone concentration decreased more significantly than at high ozone concentration. Although high ozone concentration is desirable for COD removal and degradation rate, the utilization efficiency of ozone decreased with increasing ozone concentration. The ozone utilization efficiency of the five-reactor device was three times higher than that of three tandem reactors, demonstrating that ozonation utilization efficiency can be improved by increasing the number of tandem reactors. Ozonation in tandem reactors is a promising approach for PML treatment.

scholarly journals Optimization of Fenton's Process for the Treatment of Cotton Textile Wastewater using Response Surface Methodology

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
Sangeetha Parashuram Mulgund ◽  
P.B. Kalburgi ◽  
P.G. Rakaraddi
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Cotton Textile ◽  
Colour Removal ◽  
Central Composite ◽  
Fenton's Process

Degradation of cotton textile wastewater using Fenton’s process was investigated. The effect of individual and interactive operating parameters on the response was analyzed using central composite design (CCD), a commonly used form of response surface methodology (RSM). The operating parameters selected were pH, dosage of hydrogen peroxide, dosage of iron and the responses (dependent parameters) were chemical oxygen demand (COD) and colour. The model derived correlation coefficients R2 and R2 adj for COD were 0.982 and 0.966, respectively and the values were almost similar for colour also. The optimum values for various operating parameters namely pH, H2O2 and Fe2+ dosage were found to be 3.33, 60.57 and 1.56 mM, respectively for electrolysis time of 60 min. By performing the experiments with these values of operating parameters, the COD and colour removal efficiencies were found to be 83.5% and 98.1%, respectively.

Edible Plant Oil Wastewater Treatment Using Electro-Fenton Technique: Experiment and Correlation

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Davarnejad ◽  
Seyed Amir Mohajerani
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Plant Oil ◽  
Edible Plant ◽  
High Chemical Oxygen Demand

Abstract The edible plant oil production factories consume high amounts of water and contaminate the water resources. This type of wastewater consists of high chemical oxygen demand (COD) which should properly be treated by an efficient technique. Furthermore, it is containing some chemicals obtained from several sources such as H3PO4 (from hydration section), NaOH (from neutralization section) and citric acid (from nickel removal section). The conventional techniques cannot efficiently treat it which is full of COD. Therefore, the electro-Fenton process as a rapid, compact and efficient one has been encouraged to be applied. For this purpose, 47 experiments were designed and carried out using iron electrodes to evaluate the effects of five significant independent variables such as reaction time (min), pH, current density (mA/cm2), volume ratio of H2O2/wastewater (ml/l) and H2O2/Fe2+ molar ratio on the COD removal. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to assess individual and interactive effects of the parameters. The optimum conditions were experimentally obtained at reaction time of 87.33 min, pH of 3.03, current density of 57 mA/cm2, H2O2/wastewater volume ratio of 2.13 ml/l and H2O2/Fe2+ molar ratio of 3.61 for COD removal of 62.94 %.

scholarly journals Organic Pollutants Removal from Olive Mill Wastewater Using Electrocoagulation Process via Central Composite Design (CCD)

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 3522
Author(s):  
Abeer El Shahawy ◽  
Inas A. Ahmed ◽  
Mahmoud Nasr ◽  
Ahmed H. Ragab ◽  
Saedah R. Al-Mhyawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Olive Mill Wastewater ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Electrolysis Time ◽  
Faraday’S Law ◽  
Central Composite ◽  
Olive Mill

Electrocoagulation (EC) was studied in this study as a potential alternative approach for treating Olive Mill Wastewater (OMW). Aluminum plates were utilized as anode and cathode to evaluate the removal of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) from OMW and the aluminum electrode’s weight loss. Central Composite Experimental Design (CCD) and Response Surface Methodology were used to optimize its performance. Anodes were weighed before and after each electrocoagulation experiment, to compare the experimental and the theoretical dissolved aluminum weights calculated using Faraday’s law. We discovered the following EC conditions for CCD: current density = 15 mA/cm2, pH = 4, and electrolysis time of 30 min. Under these conditions, the maximum COD removal ratio was 41%, equating to an Al weight loss of 288.89 g/m3 at an estimated operating cost of 1.60 USD/m3. According to the response optimizer, the most economical operating settings for COD removal efficiency of 58.888% are pH 4, a current density of 18.41 mA/cm2, electrolysis time of 36.82 min, and Al weight loss of 337.33 g/m3, with a projected running cost of 2.00 USD/m3.

scholarly journals Removal of COD from Oil Recovery Industry Wastewater by the Advanced Oxidation Processes(AOP) Based on H2O2

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Fenton Process ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Cod Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Processes ◽  
High Pollution ◽  
Industry Wastewater

The combinations of H2O2/Fe+2, UV/H2O2/Fe+2 and UV/H2O2 process were investigated on treatment of oil recovery industry wastewater. Treatment of oil recovery industry wastewater, a typical high pollution strength industrial wastewater (chemical oxygen deman (COD): 21000 mg l-1, biological oxygen demand (BOD): 8000 mg l-1, oil and grease:1140 mg l-1, total dissolved solids (TDS): 37000 mg l-1, total suspended solids: 2580 mg l-1), was carried out by batch oxidation processes. The optimal mass ratio for H2O2/Fe+2 yielding the highest COD removal was found to be 8.658 corresponding to 200.52 g 1-1 H2O2 and 23.16 g l-1 Fe+2 concentrations for 60 minutes reaction time. Fenton process gave a maximum COD reduction of 86% (from 21000 to 2980 mg l-1) and the combination of UV/H2O2 gave a COD reduction of 39% (from 21000 to 12730). The percentage of removal, after the total reaction time (3.5h), H2O2: 8.4 g l-1 and Fe+2: 0.05g l-1, in the photo Fenton process, corresponded to 81 % of the total initial COD (4200 mg l-1). The oxidative ability of the UV/Fe+2/H2O2 process (81%) was greater than that of the UV/H2O2 process (55%) for 80% diluted wastewater. COD removal efficiency for UV/H2O2 process (COD/H2O2=1/2 (w/w)) was 90%, 55%, and 39 when initial COD was 1050, 4200, and 21000 mg l-1, respectively, whereas COD removal was 943, 2320, and 8270 mg l-1, respectively.

Simultaneous optimization of multiple performance characteristics in coagulation–flocculation process for Indian paper industry wastewater

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1231-1238 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Saraswathi ◽  
M. K. Saseetharan
Keyword(s):  
Taguchi Method ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Simultaneous Optimization ◽  
Pulp Industry ◽  
Optimization Of Process Parameters ◽  
Paper And Pulp ◽  
Paper And Pulp Industry ◽  
Flocculation Process

The goal of this study was to optimize the coagulation–flocculation process in wastewater generated from the paper and pulp industry using a grey relational analysis (GRA)-based Taguchi method. Process parameters included types and doses of natural coagulants and coagulant aid, and pH. To track the efficiency of the treatment process, the following responses were chosen for optimization: chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids (TDS) and turbidity of wastewater, alone or in combination or all together. Analysis of variance showed that the type and dose of the coagulant aid were the most significant parameters, followed by pH and the dose of the coagulant; the type of coagulant used was found to be insignificant in the coagulation–flocculation process. Optimization of process parameters to achieve lower turbidity and greater removal of COD and TDS was verified in a separate confirmatory experiment, which showed improvements in COD and TDS removal and a decrease in turbidity of 8.2, 6.35 and 26.17%, respectively, with the application of the Taguchi method and GRA.

scholarly journals Application of heterogeneous catalytic ozonation process for treatment of high toxic effluent from a pesticide manufacturing plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
Mina Ghahrchi ◽  
Edris Bazrafshan ◽  
Behruz Adamiyat Badan ◽  
Yousef Dadban Shahamat ◽  
Fariba Gohari
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Catalytic Ozonation ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalytic ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Ozonation Process ◽  
Maximum Removal

Background: The discharge of untreated wastewater containing toxic and resistant compounds into the environment is a serious threat for ecosystems. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the treatment of poison production factory wastewater using heterogeneous catalytic ozonation process (COP). Methods: Magnetic carbon nanocomposite was used as a catalyst at concentrations of 1, 2, and 4 g/L. Its effect on improving the treatment process was evaluated at reaction time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes. At the end of each experiment, parameters including total organic carbon (TOC), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD5 ), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and turbidity were measured. Results: It was revealed that in single ozonation process (SOP), the maximum removal efficiencies of TOC, COD, and BOD5 were achieved at reaction time of 120 minutes as 56%, 40%, and 11.7%, respectively. By adding the catalyst to the wastewater, the treatment process was improved, so that the maximum removal efficiencies of COD (91%), TOC (73%), and BOD5 (74%) were obtained at catalyst concentration of 4 g/L. Under this condition, BOD5 /COD ratio increased from 0.22 to 0.64. Also, the results of analysis of ozone consumption per each mg of reduced COD showed that its amount sharply decreased from 2.1 mgO3 / mg COD removal in the SOP, to 0.34 mgO3 /mg COD removal in the COP. The results of kinetic reaction analysis also revealed that the rate constant increased from 0.007 to 0.02 min-1. Conclusion: According to the results, it can be concluded that the COP at a catalyst concentration of 4 g/L, by decomposing resistant compounds and increasing the biodegradability, can be used as a suitable pretreatment method for biological processes.

Simulation of landfill leachate treatment using electro-Fenton technique

2013 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Davarnejad ◽  
Mostafa Keshavarz Moraveji ◽  
Masoud Pirhadi ◽  
Mohsen Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Fenton Process ◽  
Leachate Treatment ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd

The operating parameters in the electro-Fenton process were simulated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The effects of H2O2/Fe2+ molar ratio, current density, pH and reaction time were numerically investigated. The results were compared with the experimental data. The simulated data showed that maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was around 91.52% at pH of 3.27, H2O2/Fe2+ molar ratio of 1.16, current density of 59.29 mA/cm2 and reaction time of 41.7 min while the experimental data obtained from the literature showed a maximum COD removal (94.7%) at pH of 3, H2O2/Fe2+ molar ratio of 1, current density of 49 mA/cm2 and reaction time of 43 min.

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