Preparation and characterization of nano-filtration and its photocatalytic abilities via pre-coated and self-forming dynamic membranes developed by ZnO, PAC and chitosan

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (12) ◽  
pp. 2273-2283
Author(s):  
S. Mona Mirmousaei ◽  
Majid Peyravi ◽  
Mohammad Khajouei ◽  
Mohsen Jahanshahi ◽  
Soodabeh Khalili
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
The Self ◽  
Natural Material ◽  
Photocatalytic Ability ◽  
Dynamic Membranes

Abstract In the current work, novel dynamic membranes (DM) were tested and introduced for cheese whey wastewater treatment based on resistant and inexpensive materials, polyesters, and chitosan. For the investigation of dynamic membrane (pre-coated and self-forming) characterizations, polyester as a low-cost and natural material with chitosan were chosen to provide the support of the target membrane. The inherent antifouling character of chitosan accompanied by its high hydrophilicity have made this polymer known as an attractive agent for membrane-based wastewater treatment operations. Zinc oxide (ZnO) and powdered activated carbon (PAC) were employed as the dynamic layer. Neat polyester had a chemical oxygen demand (COD) rejection ratio of about 57.61%, but the flux declined sharply. The higher removal efficiency was for the self-forming type: total phosphate (94%) and citrate (95.5%). Fouled dynamic membranes were backwashed by sodium dodecyl-sulphate (SDS), warm water, and distilled water. Results demonstrated that the pre-coated was reduced and fouling increased the flux recovery rate (FRR) (9.1%) while use of the self-forming DM exhibited an aggravation of fouling by decreasing of support FRR (11.1%). It was found that by substitution of deionized water and hot water with SDS, FRR was enhanced. In the following, the photocatalytic ability of the product was investigated. The UV light source increased the removal ratio and FRR. For example, self-forming COD rejection was enhanced (6.63%).

scholarly journals A Cyanobacteria-Based Biofilm System for Advanced Brewery Wastewater Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Konstantinos P. Papadopoulos ◽  
Christina N. Economou ◽  
Athanasia G. Tekerlekopoulou ◽  
Dimitris V. Vayenas
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Reactor Performance ◽  
Brewery Wastewater ◽  
Kjeldahl Nitrogen ◽  
Supporting Materials

Algal/cyanobacterial biofilm photobioreactors provide an alternative technology to conventional photosynthetic systems for wastewater treatment based on high biomass production and easy biomass harvesting at low cost. This study introduces a novel cyanobacteria-based biofilm photobioreactor and assesses its performance in post-treatment of brewery wastewater and biomass production. Two different supporting materials (glass/polyurethane) were tested to investigate the effect of surface hydrophobicity on biomass attachment and overall reactor performance. The reactor exhibited high removal efficiency (over 65%) of the wastewater’s pollutants (chemical oxygen demand, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, orthophosphate, and total Kjeldahl nitrogen), while biomass per reactor surface reached 13.1 and 12.8 g·m−2 corresponding to 406 and 392 mg·L−1 for glass and polyurethane, respectively, after 15 days of cultivation. The hydrophilic glass surface favored initial biomass adhesion, although eventually both materials yielded complete biomass attachment, highlighting that cell-to-cell interactions are the dominant adhesion mechanism in mature biofilms. It was also found that the biofilm accumulated up to 61% of its dry weight in carbohydrates at the end of cultivation, thus making the produced biomass a suitable feedstock for bioethanol production.

Constructed wetlands combined with UV disinfection systems for removal of enteric pathogens and wastewater contaminants

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 651-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Azaizeh ◽  
K. G. Linden ◽  
C. Barstow ◽  
S. Kalbouneh ◽  
A. Tellawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Palestinian Authority ◽  
East Region ◽  
Middle East Region

Water shortage is an ongoing cardinal issue in the Middle East region. Wastewater reuse offers some remediation, but to-date many rural communities in the Palestinian Authority (PA) and in Jordan are not connected to centralized wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), many of them are disposing of their wastewater using infiltration septic tanks. This highlights the need for a small, local, low cost WWTP that can directly benefit local communities, producing effluents suitable for unrestricted irrigation. Constructed wetlands (CWs) could offer a solution as they are relatively easy and cheap to construct and maintain, and effective in removal of many pollutants. Nevertheless, pathogen removal in CWs is often not adequate, calling for additional disinfection. Here we describe the use of low-cost, consumer level, UV based disinfection systems coupled to CWs for wastewater treatment in three CWs: in Israel, Jordan and in the PA. Once mature, our adapted CWs reduced chemical oxygen demand (COD) load, and, given proper use of the UV systems, inactivated indicator bacteria (faecal and E. coli) to levels suitable for irrigation, even when UV transmission (UVT) levels were low (∼40%). Our results demonstrate the promise in this combined treatment technique for cheap and simple wastewater treatment suitable for the Middle East region.

scholarly journals Comparison of nutrient solubilisation and dewatering by freeze/thaw processing of sludge from Biological Nutrient Removal (BNR) and Non-BNR wastewater treatment plants.

2017 ◽  
pp. 6.1-6.8
Author(s):  
Mahrooz Sabri ◽  
Nazim Cicek ◽  
Qiuyan Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Freeze Thaw

Natural freeze/thaw processing is a simple, practical and low-cost solid-liquid separation method, which can effectively dewater wastewater sludge in Northern Canadian communities located in cold climate conditions. This method is especially effective when used in small treatment plants in remote and cold regions as typical dewatering methods require complex and expensive equipment, skilled operators and special maintenance. The objective of this research was to evaluate freeze/thaw processing as a method for dewatering, nutrient solubilisation and organics separation of wastewater sludge originating from two different wastewater treatment facilities: a Biological Nutrient Removal (BNR) plant and non-BNR plant. The results of experiments showed the effectiveness of this method for sludge dewatering and solubilisation of organics and nutrients. The sludge solid content increased approximately 10-fold after freeze/thaw processing. The treatment solubilised 15.2%, 33.5% and 21.5% of the initial total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total chemical oxygen demand, respectively for the non-BNR sludge. These values were 6.3%, 80.0% and 16.5%, respectively for the BNR sludge. The released phosphorus and nitrogen in the water can be recovered and used as fertilizer for agricultural purposes, supporting northern food production.

scholarly journals Potential of Microalgae Cultivation in Dairy Wastewater as a Step in Low-Cost Biofuel Production

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Basma Abbas Abdulmajeed ◽  
Arwa Raad Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Dairy Wastewater ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Microalgae Cultivation ◽  
Chlorella Sp

The present study addresses adopting the organic and nutritious materials in dairy wastewater as media for cultivation of microalgae, which represent an important source of renewable energy. This study was carried out through cultivation of three types of microalgae; Chlorella sp., Synechococcus, and Anabaena. The results shows the success the cultivation of the Synechococcus and  Chlorella Sp, while the Anabaena microalgae were in low-growth level. The highest growth was in the Synechococcus farm, followed by Chlorella and Anabaena. However, the growth of Synechococcus required 10 days to achieve this increase that represents a negative indicator of the adoption of this type of microalgae in this media to meet the desired aims. While Chlorella needs less than two days to start growing. Moreover, the data obtained from the experiment show that removal of chemical oxygen demand in Chlorella cultures was (72%) more than that obtained from cultivation of other microalgae. Thus this microalgae is more efficient in wastewater treatment than other types.  

Constructed wetland as a low cost and sustainable solution for wastewater treatment adapted to rural settlements: the Chorfech wastewater treatment pilot plant

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 3006-3012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Ghrabi ◽  
Latifa Bousselmi ◽  
Fabio Masi ◽  
Martin Regelsberger
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Rural Settlement ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
In Series ◽  
Pre Treatment

The paper presents the detailed design and some preliminary results obtained from a study regarding a wastewater treatment pilot plant (WWTPP), serving as a multistage constructed wetland (CW) located at the rural settlement of ‘Chorfech 24’ (Tunisia). The WWTPP implemented at Chorfech 24 is mainly designed as a demonstration of sustainable water management solutions (low-cost wastewater treatment), in order to prove the efficiency of these solutions working under real Tunisian conditions and ultimately allow the further spreading of the demonstrated techniques. The pilot activity also aims to help gain experience with the implemented techniques and to improve them when necessary to be recommended for wide application in rural settlements in Tunisia and similar situations worldwide. The selected WWTPP at Chorfech 24 (rural settlement of 50 houses counting 350 inhabitants) consists of one Imhoff tank for pre-treatment, and three stages in series: as first stage a horizontal subsurface flow CW system, as second stage a subsurface vertical flow CW system, and a third horizontal flow CW. The sludge of the Imhoff tank is treated in a sludge composting bed. The performances of the different components as well as the whole treatment system were presented based on 3 months monitoring. The results shown in this paper are related to carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus removal as well as to reduction of micro-organisms. The mean overall removal rates of the Chorfech WWTPP during the monitored period have been, respectively, equal to 97% for total suspended solids and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), 95% for chemical oxygen demand, 71% for total nitrogen and 82% for P-PO4. The removal of E. coli by the whole system is 2.5 log units.

The Role of Tourmaline Particles in the Moving Bed Bioreator for Coking Wastewater Treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 321-324 ◽  
pp. 192-195
Author(s):  
Jing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Coking Wastewater ◽  
Excess Sludge ◽  
Moving Bed ◽  
Environmental Material

Tourmaline is a kind of natural low-cost mineral material. It has a number of unique physical properties and has been a kind of promising environmental material in wastewater treatment. This study was to investigate the aerobic biofilm treatment of coking wastewater with and without tourmaline addition. The results indicated that tourmaline added in moving bed bioreactor (MBBR) process could enhance the removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD).The organic contaminants could be removed by tourmaline added. The mechanisms of increase of organic contaminants removal may correlate to the existence of tourmaline spontaneous electrode. Micrograph of the excess sludge in the tourmaline-MBBR system indicated that the tourmaline added could be the carrier of the microbe and also affect the biomass and pollutant removal.

scholarly journals Innovative, compact and energy-efficient biofilm process for nutrient removal from wastewater

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (9) ◽  
pp. 1941-1950
Author(s):  
S. S. Rathnaweera ◽  
B. Rusten ◽  
L. D. Manamperuma ◽  
S. Wang ◽  
B. Helland
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Biofilm Process ◽  
Major Factors

Abstract Rapid population growth, industrial development and stringent demand for treatment of wastewater require developing and emerging economies to upgrade existing wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) or planning new WWTPs. In the context of unavailability or unaffordability of land and resources for infrastructure expansion, low cost, small footprint, less energy consumption and product reuse are some of the major factors to be considered when either upgrading or designing new WWTPs in developing and emerging economies. Although the transition from activated sludge to biofilm processes has partly solved these challenges, there are innovations that can make the processes even more compact and more efficient. Newly developed CFIC (continuous flow intermittent cleaning) process is the next generation moving bed biological wastewater treatment system and is an example for addressing these issues. The CFIC pilot studies showed promising performance for biological chemical oxygen demand and nitrogen removal as well as particle separation facilitating wastewater reuse.

Energy-efficient stirred-tank photobioreactors for simultaneous carbon capture and municipal wastewater treatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2106-2112 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Mohammed ◽  
S. Z. Ahammad ◽  
P. J. Sallis ◽  
C. R. Mota
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Stirred Tank ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Microalgal Culture ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Algal based wastewater treatment (WWT) technologies are attracting renewed attention because they couple energy-efficient sustainable treatment with carbon capture, and reduce the carbon footprint of the process. A low-cost energy-efficient mixed microalgal culture-based pilot WWT system, coupled with carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration, was investigated. The 21 L stirred-tank photobioreactors (STPBR) used light-emitting diodes as the light source, resulting in substantially reduced operational costs. The STPBR were operated at average optimal light intensity of 582.7 μmol.s−1.m−2, treating synthetic municipal wastewater containing approximately 250, 90 and 10 mg.L−1 of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), ammonium (NH4-N), and phosphate, respectively. The STPBR were maintained for 64 days without oxygen supplementation, but had a supply of CO2 (25 mL.min−1, 25% v/v in N2). Relatively high SCOD removal efficiency (>70%) was achieved in all STPBR. Low operational cost was achieved by eliminating the need for mechanical aeration, with microalgal photosynthesis providing all oxygenation. The STPBR achieved an energy saving of up to 95%, compared to the conventional AS system. This study demonstrates that microalgal photobioreactors can provide effective WWT and carbon capture, simultaneously, in a system with potential for scaling-up to municipal WWT plants.

scholarly journals Reduction of Organic and Inorganic Pollutant from Waste Water by Algae

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omprakash Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biological Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Volatile Solid ◽  
Inorganic Pollutant ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Systems

Recently, algae have become significant organisms for biological purification of wastewater since they are able to accumulate plant nutrients, heavy metals, pesticides, organic and inorganic toxic substances and radioactive matters in their cells/bodies. Biological wastewater treatment systems with micro algae have particularly gained importance in last 50 years and it is now widely accepted that algal wastewater treatment systems are as effective as conventional treatment systems. These specific features have made algal wastewaters treatment systems an significant low-cost alternatives to complex expensive treatment systems particularly for purification of municipal wastewaters. By this method 70 % of biological oxygen demand, 66 % of chemical oxygen demand, 71 % total nitrogen, 67 % of phosphorus, 54 % volatile solid and 51 % of dissolved solid was reduced

scholarly journals Treatment of Dairy Wastewaters: Evaluating Microbial Fuel Cell Tools and Mechanism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aman Dongre ◽  
Monika Sogani ◽  
Kumar Sonu ◽  
Zainab Syed ◽  
Gopesh Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cell ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Oil And Grease

Pollution caused by chemical and dairy effluent is a major concern worldwide. Dairy wastewaters are the most challenging to treat because of the presence of various pollutants in them. The characteristics of effluent like temperature, color, pH, Dissolved Oxygen, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), dissolved solids, suspended solids, chloride, sulfate, oil, and grease depend solely on the volume of milk processed and the form of finished produce. It is difficult to select an efficient wastewater treatment method for the dairy wastewaters because of their selective nature in terms of pH, flow rate, volume, and suspended solids. Thus there exists a clear need for a technology or a combination of technologies that would efficiently treat the dairy wastewaters. This chapter explains the energy-generating microbial fuel cell or MFC technologies for dairy wastewaters treatment having different designs of MFCs, mechanism of action, different electrode materials, their surface modification, operational parameters, applications and outcomes delivered through the technology in reducing the COD, BOD, suspended solids and other residues present in the wastewaters. The chapter also elaborates on the availability of various natural low-cost anode materials which can be derived from agricultural wastes. The current chapter elaborates on MFC technology and its tools used for dairy wastewater treatment, providing useful insight for integrating it with existing conventional wastewater treatment methods to achieve the degradation of various dairy pollutants including emerging micropollutants.

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