Optimization of diazo dye disappearance by the UV/H2O2 process using the Box–Behnken design

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (9) ◽  
pp. 1731-1739
Author(s):  
Yasmine Laftani ◽  
Baylassane Chatib ◽  
Abdelghani Boussaoud ◽  
Mohammed El Makhfouk ◽  
Mohsine Hachkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Slight Effect ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Decolorization Efficiency ◽  
Contour Plots ◽  
Ponceau S ◽  
Optimal Values ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The purpose of this study was to apply the experimental Box–Behnken design (BBD) to evaluate the effect and, therefore, the optimal values of three chosen factors on the efficiency of the UV/H2O2 process to decolorize Ponceau S (PS) aqueous solutions. The factors studied at three levels were the irradiated volume of dye solution, the dye solution turbidity and the H2O2 dosage. The equations generated, analysis of variance (ANOVA), contour plots and response surface plots were used to analyze the relationship between independent variables and the outcomes of experiments. The fitted model was significant, with an adjusted coefficient of determination (adj-R2 = 0.9835). The results showed that factors such as H2O2 dosage and irradiated volume were the main parameters that affected the decolorization efficiency of the PS aqueous solution, while the turbidity had a slight effect on the response. In addition, significant values were obtained for irradiated volume and H2O2 dosage interaction and square terms of all studied factors. Furthermore, the optimal conditions for decolorization of the PS aqueous solution were found to be an irradiated volume of 257.59 mL, a turbidity of 13 NTU and an H2O2 dosage of 1.76 mM.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Loan To Deposit Ratio, Capital Adequacy Ratio, Dan Non Performing Loan Terhadap Profitabilitas Perbankan Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-140
Author(s):  
Fanesha Fanesha ◽  
Nusa Muktiadji ◽  
Ganjar Hendrian
Keyword(s):  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Capital Adequacy Ratio ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to determine how the influence of Loan to Deposit Ratio, Capital Adequacy Ratio and Non Performing Loans on Banking Profitability Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) that occurs at PT Bank Central Asia Tbk, PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk, PT Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk, PT Bank CIMB Niaga Tbk, PT Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) Tbk, PT Bank Tabungan Negara (Persero) in 2014-2018. The data used in this study are quantitative data with secondary data sources derived from the financial statements of each bank. This research uses descriptive statistical analysis methods, inference analysis, classic assumption test, multiple linear analysis and coefficient of determination. Regression analysis is used to find out how the influence of independent variables on the dependent variable with a significance value of 5 percent. While the determination coefficient analysis is used to determine the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable. From the partial hypothesis test (T Test) that has been done by the author, it is obtained that the Loan to Deposit Ratio affects Return On Assets, Capital Adequacy Ratio has no effect on Return On Assets and Non Performing Loans has no effect on Return On Assets. For simultaneous hypothesis testing (Test F), the results obtained are that the independent variables namely Loan to Deposit Ratio, Capital Adequacy Ratio and Non Performing Loans simultaneously influence the Return on Assets.   Key words :     Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Non Performing Loan (NPL), Return On Asset (ROA).

MODELING AND OPTIMIZING PROPERTIES OF NANOCLAY–NITRILE RUBBER COMPOSITES USING BOX–BEHNKEN DESIGN

2011 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meera Balachandran ◽  
S. S. Bhagawan ◽  
R. Muraleekrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Layered Silicate ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Response Surfaces ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Launch Vehicles ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Contour Plots ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract The mechanical behavior of acrylonitrile butadiene copolymer (NBR)–organomodified layered silicate (nanoclay) was modeled using design of experiments approach. A Box–Behnken design with three factors and three levels was used to model the relationship between properties of NBR nanocomposites and the ingredients. The factors considered in the design were silica content, nanoclay loading, and dicumyl peroxide content. The nanocomposites were evaluated for tensile strength, modulus, elongation at break, oxygen permeation rate, and effect of oil and heat aging on mechanical properties. Regression equations were generated to model the properties of interest and generate response surfaces and contour plots. The predicted properties of the nanocomposites were in good agreement with the experimental results. The contour plots were overlaid within the applied constraints to identify the combination of factor ranges that gives the optimal performance of the nanocomposites for application as control system bladders in satellite launch vehicles.

Formulation and optimization of biological removal of flue gas pretreatment wastewater and sulfur recycling process by Box–Behnken design

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 2706-2711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Wang ◽  
Yuan Cao ◽  
Qin Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Biological Removal ◽  
Order Polynomial ◽  
Contour Plots ◽  
Order Polynomial Equation ◽  
Sulfur Yield

The aim of this study was to investigate optimum conditions for biological removal of flue gas pretreatment wastewater and achieve maximum elemental sulfur yield. A three-factor, three-level Box–Behnken design was used to derive a second-order polynomial equation and construct contour plots to predict responses. The independent variables selected were hydraulic retention time (X1), inlet sulfate concentration (X2), and air flow (X3). Fifteen batches were done in a biological united system and evaluated for elemental sulfur yield (Y1). The transformed values of the independent variables and Y1 were subjected to a full-model second-order polynomial equation. The equation was modified based on Fisher's F- and probability P-values. The computer optimization process and contour plots predicted the values of independent variables X1, X2 and X3 (16 h, 1,348 mg L−1 and 165 L h−1 respectively), for maximized response of Y1. The experimental results at predicted conditions demonstrate that the modified model equation has good applicability to the practical system.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Bank Lending to Agricultural Sector and Agricultural Earnings in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
Lyndon M. Etale ◽  
Amaka, P. T. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Bank Lending ◽  
Bank Loans ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the relationship between bank lending to agricultural sector and agricultural earnings in Nigeria using secondary data obtained from various editions of the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletins. Secondary data collected for the selected study variables covered ten years period from 2009 to 2018. The study adopted bank loans and advances to agriculture, interest rate, and inflation as independent variables, while agricultural earnings representing gross national agricultural output was used as dependent variable. The study employed descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis based on the OLS technique assisted by the E-view 10 computer software as the statistical tools for data analysis. The results revealed that all the independent variables had positive relationship with agricultural earnings. Specifically, bank loans and advances to agriculture had statistically significant effect on agricultural earnings. The regression results also showed that the coefficient of determination (R-squared) value of 0.86 indicates that 86% of changes in the dependent variable (AGE) were explained by the combined effect of changes in the independent variables. The study concluded that bank lending to the agricultural sector has a significant positive relationship with agricultural earnings in Nigeria. The study recommended among others that the CBN should step-up policy making, execution and monitoring of bank lending to agriculture; and that the Federal Government through the Federal Ministry of Agriculture should declare a state of emergency on agriculture and make the sector more attractive and viable for investment.

scholarly journals Optimisation method used for aluminium-based antacid preparation

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
Bojan Pavlovic ◽  
Slobodanka Jovanovic ◽  
Ljiljana Prazic-Arsic ◽  
Milanka Vico-Stevanovic ◽  
Svetlana Trajkovic
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient ◽  
Colloidal System ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Pipe System ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Order Polynomial ◽  
Stress Point ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this work was to optimize the rheological properties of AlPO4 suspension, the main ingredient of the antacid preparation - Alfogel. The exact rheological characterisation of the system is very important due to its stability and transportation through the pipe system into the reaction vessel. Box-Behnken design was used to estimate the effect of the concentrations of cations and the content of active pharmaceutical ingredient on the rheological properties of the system. The relationship between one or more response functions and a set of independent variables can be examined by using response surface methods, such as Box-Behnken designs. The concentration of Na+ and Mg2+ ions as well as the content of AIPO4, ranged from the optimum set of conditions to their minimum and maximum values. The viscosity, yield stress point and thixotropy of the colloidal system were used to assess the rheological properties of the AIPO4 suspension. The system was characterised using a second order polynomial mathematical model. The process was optimised and the proposed model was confirmed in laboratory scale experiments.

scholarly journals Relationship between disaster knowledge and environmental culture with disaster preparedness behaviour

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Rosadi Rosadi ◽  
Isman Kadar ◽  
Yossa Istiadi
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Disaster Knowledge ◽  
The Relationship

This research consists of two independent variables, the disaster knowledge and environmental culture, and a dependent variable of disaster preparedness behaviour. The objective is to determine the relationship between disaster knowledge and environmental culture with disaster preparedness behaviour, as well as the relationship between both of the together with disaster preparedness behaviour. The study was conducted through 166 students of three senior high schools in the District of West Karawang, West Java, which taken by proportional random sampling. The method of survey was employed in this study and the data analyzed by statistical test of correlation and simple linier regression as well as multiple linear correlation and regression, which was conducted at significance level of α = 0.01 and α = 0.05. Based on the results, it was found that there was a positive and significant relationship between disaster knowledge and disaster preparedness behaviour with a correlation coefficient value of ry1 = 0.22 and a coefficient of determination value of (r2) = 0.049. There is a positive and significant relationship between environmental culture and disaster preparedness behaviour with a correlation coefficient value of ry2 = 0.25 and a coefficient of determination value of (r2) = 0.064. There is a positive and significant relationship between disaster knowledge and environmental culture together with disaster preparedness behaviour with a correlation coefficient value of ry12 = 0.32 and a coefficient of determination value of (r2) = 0.097. Thus, it can be concluded that student’s disaster preparedness behaviour can be improved through either disaster knowledge and environmental culture.Penelitian ini terdiri atas dua variabel bebas, pengetahuan kebencanaan dan budaya lingkungan, serta satu variabel terikat yaitu perilaku siaga bencana. Tujuannya untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan kebencanaan, budaya lingkungan dengan perilaku siaga bencana, serta hubungan keduanya secara bersama-sama dengan perilaku siaga bencana. Penelitian dilaksanakan melalui 166 siswa di tiga sekolah menengah atas, Kecamatan Karawang Barat, yang diambil secara proporsional random sampling. Metode survey digunakan dan data dianalisis dengan uji statistik korelasi dan regresi sederhana serta korelasi dan regresi linear ganda, dilakukan pada taraf signifikansi α = 0,01 dan α = 0,05. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan positif dan signifikan antara pengetahuan kebencanaan dengan perilaku siaga bencana dengan nilai koefisien korelasi ry1 = 0,22 dan koefisien determinasi (r2) = 0,049. Terdapat hubungan positif dan signifikan antara budaya lingkungan dengan perilaku siaga bencana dengan nilai koefisien korelasi ry2 = 0,25dan koefisien determinasi (r2) = 0,064. Terdapat hubungan positif dan signifikan antara pengetahuan kebencanaan dan budaya lingkungan secara bersama-sama dengan perilaku siaga bencana, dengan nilai koefisien korelasi ry12 = 0,32 dan koefisien determinasi (r2) = 0,097. Jadi, dapat disimpulkan bahwa perilaku siaga bencana siswa dapat ditingkatkan melalui pengetahuan kebencanaan dan budaya lingkungan. 

PENGARUH KONSEP DIRI TERHADAP PEMECAHAN MASALAH BAGI SISWA KELAS X DI SMA NEGERI JAKARTA TIMUR

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Renatha Ernawati
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Correlation Method ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Test Sample ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
The Relationship

The population of study was the students of class X students of SMAN East Jakarta, amounting to 8 schools and the total number of students was 295. Random sampling technique of test sample was used and obtained by 40 students and the study sample as many as 60 students. In order to answer the problems, the writer used a survey and correlation methods. What is meant by the correlation method is to find the relationship between the variables X into Y and independent variables being the dependent variable. Based on the results of hypothesis testing is known that there is a positive and significant relationship between the effects of self-concept to problem solving for. With a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.707 which indicates that the correlation between the two variables was strong, and the coefficient of determination (R Square) of 0.499. This means that the variable self-concept affects students' problem-solving of 49.9%, while the remaining 50.1% is influenced by other factors.Keywords : Self-Concept, Problem-Solving

scholarly journals Impact of the Application of IFRS 15 on the Profitability of Jordanian Telecom Companies (Case Study: Jordan Orange Telecom)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 308
Author(s):  
Ola Mohammad Khersiat
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Correlation Relationship ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Telecommunications Companies

This study investigates the impact of applying IFRS 15 standard on the profitability of Jordanian telecommunications companies (case study: Jordan Orange Telecom). The study addresses three independent variables, namely, contract revenue, customer contract assets and customer contract liabilities and their impact on the ROA, ROE and PM in Orange Jordan. The researcher has investigated the relationship and impact of the independent variables on dependent variables by analysing financial statements after applying IFRS15 for 2017, 2018, 2019. The study concludes that there is a relationship and impact between contract revenue and ROA and ROE, where the correlation coefficient amounted to (99.8, 99.0) respectively, with a level of significance (0.02, 0.04). The coefficient of determination (R2) amounted to (99.6%), indicating that contract revenue interprets (99.6%) of the return on assets in Orange Telecom. Also, the coefficient of determination (R2) amounted to (99.9%), indicating that contract revenues interpret (99.9%) of the ROE in Orange Telecom. The correlation coefficient between contract revenue and PM amounted to (99.2) with a level of significance (0.08), where a correlation relationship is noticed but with a level of significance exceeding (0.05). As for customer contract assets and customer contract liabilities, no relationship or impact is found betweem these and ROA, ROE and PM in Jordan Orange Telecom.Accordingly, the study recommends that companies in Jordan should abide by IFRS15 in order to increase corporate profitability.

The Relationship Between The University Services Marketing And the Leading Orientation And Their Impact In Enhancing The University Reputation

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 110-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nusseibeh Ahmed Abdul Wahid
Keyword(s):  
Private Universities ◽  
Services Marketing ◽  
Correlation Relationship ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Marketing Orientation ◽  
University Reputation ◽  
Administrative Leaders ◽  
University Services ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between the university services marketing and the leading orientation and their impact in enhancing the university reputation: Field study on a sample of administrative leaders in       private universities in the Erbil city Objective - The current study try to find the role of marketing university services (educational services, research services, community services) and the leading orientation (research mobilization, distinction, cooperation, university policies, proactive) as independent variables in enhancing the university's reputation as dependent a variable (Social responsibility, innovation, quality of service, image of the organization) in a sample of private universities in the Erbil city. Methodology of the study - The problem of the study was determined in several questions related to the nature of the correlation relationship - the effect of independent study variables (marketing of university services and leadership orientation) and the dependent variable (the reputation of the university). For this purpose, the hypotheses were subjected to multiple tests. The study used the questionnaire as a means to obtain data from the administrative leaders of the investigated universities. - The study was used the analytical descriptive method. The main and sub-variables were described and correlation and effect relationships were analyzed between the variables using advanced statistical methods (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, percentages, Pearson correlation, multiple regression test) , And the implementation of the statistical program (SPSS-Ver.18). The study was conducted in the educational sector in the city of Erbil, in order to obtain the necessary information for the field through a questionnaire prepared for this purpose and distributed to six universities. The number of respondents was (73) (Presidents of universities, their assistants, deans, their assistants, heads of departments) at the universities in question. The value of the study: The main conclusions of the study are the existence of a significant relationship between the variables of the study and the existence of a significant effect of the independent variable marketing of university services and the leading trend in the dependent variable universities reputation and the existence of variation of the effect of independent variables in the dependent variable in the universities investigated, A set of recommendations, the most important of which is the establishment of a center for the marketing of services at the university level and at the level of each college. In order to conduct a continuous study of the labor market to determine market needs, the university should be aware of the importance of marketing orientation in university education

Problematic Internet Use digunakan Ketika Kesepian pada Remaja

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-60
Author(s):  
Yashinta Yashinta ◽  
Dwi Hurriyati
Keyword(s):  
Internet Use ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Problematic Internet Use ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Effective Contribution

This study aims to determine the relationship of loneliness with problematic internet use on boarding students on Silaberanti street in Siantan jaya Opposite Ulu 1 Palembang city. Research subjects numbered 220 people using random sampling methods. Data was collected using a 60 item problematic internet use scale and a 60 item loneliness. Realibility is generated on scale of problematic internet use of 0,955 and loneliness of 0,946.Hypothesis testing uses product moment correlation analysis techniques. Hypothesis test results showed a positive relationshif between loneliness with problematic internet use on boarding students on Silaberanti street in Siantan jaya Opposite Ulu 1 Palembang city r= 0,684 with a significance level of 0,000 (p<0,01). Loneliness in this study made an effective contribution of 46,8% to problematic internet use which can be seen from the coefficient of determination (r²) that is equel to 0,468.

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