scholarly journals Study of the spatiotemporal correlation between sediment-related blockage events in the sewer system in Bogotá (Colombia)

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (9) ◽  
pp. 1727-1738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliana Soriano Pulido ◽  
Carlos Valencia Arboleda ◽  
Juan Pablo Rodríguez Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Structural Condition ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Planning And Scheduling ◽  
Spatiotemporal Correlation ◽  
Spatiotemporal Information ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
History Of ◽  
Complex Decision Making ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The planning and scheduling of maintenance operations of large conventional sewer systems generate a complex decision-making environment due to the difficulty in the collection and analysis of the spatiotemporal information about the operational and structural condition of their components (e.g. pipes, gully pots and manholes). As such, water utilities generally carry out these operations following a corrective approach. This paper studies the impact of the spatiotemporal correlation between these failure events using Log-Gaussian Cox Process (LGCP) models. In addition, the association of failure events to physical and environmental covariates was assessed. The proposed methods were applied to analyze sediment-related blockages in the sewer system of an operative zone in Bogotá (Colombia). The results of this research allowed the identification of significant covariates that were further used to model spatiotemporal clusters with high sediment-related failure risk in sewer systems. The LGCP model proved to be more accurate in comparison to those models that build upon a fundamental assumption that a failure is equally likely to occur at any time regardless of the state of the system and the system's history of failures (i.e. a homogeneous Poisson process model).

scholarly journals Model predictive control based on artificial intelligence and EPA-SWMM model to reduce CSOs impacts in sewer systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid El Ghazouli ◽  
Jamal El Khatabi ◽  
Aziz Soulhi ◽  
Isam Shahrour
Keyword(s):  
Model Predictive Control ◽  
Predictive Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Dynamic Control ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Abstract Urbanization and an increase in precipitation intensities due to climate change, in addition to limited urban drainage systems (UDS) capacity, are the main causes of combined sewer overflows (CSOs) that cause serious water pollution problems in many cities around the world. Model predictive control (MPC) systems offer a new approach to mitigate the impact of CSOs by generating optimal temporally and spatially varied dynamic control strategies of sewer system actuators. This paper presents a novel MPC based on neural networks for predicting flows, a stormwater management model (SWMM) for flow conveyance, and a genetic algorithm for optimizing the operation of sewer systems and defining the best control strategies. The proposed model was tested on the sewer system of the city of Casablanca in Morocco. The results have shown the efficiency of the developed MPC to reduce CSOs while considering short optimization time thanks to parallel computing.

The impact of rainwater reuse on CSO emissions

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Vaes ◽  
J. Berlamont
Keyword(s):  
Rain Water ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Reservoir Model ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Heavy Burden ◽  
Water Tanks ◽  
The Impact

The increasing consumption of drinking water puts a heavy burden on our future water resources. Therefore the reuse of rain water in households can be a good option to tackle this problem. On the other hand the rapidly drained rain water leads to problems in the combined sewer systems and watercourses. If the storage in the rain water tanks can be used to flatten the rain water runoff, rain water tanks can have an additional benefit. The effect of rain water tanks on the combined sewer overflow (CSO) emissions is therefore investigated with a reservoir model. Compared with storage in the combined sewer system or at the overflow, storage in rain water tanks will be more efficient in reducing the overflow emissions. However much more storage in rain water tanks must be provided to obtain the same overflow frequency as when downstream storage is used, because the storage in rain water tanks is less frequently available. When all the economical, social and environmental aspects are considered, rain water tanks can certainly be promoted as a good solution.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of AI-Based Methods—Application of Analyzing Inflow and Infiltration in Sanitary Sewer Subcatchments

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 6254
Author(s):  
Zhe Zhang ◽  
Tuija Laakso ◽  
Zeyu Wang ◽  
Seppo Pulkkinen ◽  
Suvi Ahopelto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Structural Condition ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Sanitary Sewer ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Pumping Stations ◽  
Spatial Decision Making ◽  
Using Data

Inflow and infiltration (I/I) is a common problem in sanitary sewer systems. The I/I rate is also considered to be an important indicator of the operational and structural condition of the sewer system. Situation awareness in sanitary sewer systems requires accurate wastewater-flow information at a fine spatiotemporal scale. This study aims to develop artificial intelligence (AI)-based models (adaptive neurofuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and multilayer perceptron neural network (MLPNN)) and to compare their performance for identifying the potential inflow and infiltration of the sanitary sewer subcatchment of two pumping stations. We tested the performance of these AI models by using data gathered from two pumping stations through a supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system. As a result, these two AI models produced similar inflow and infiltration patterns—both subcatchments experienced inflow and infiltration. On the other hand, the ANFIS had overall higher performance than that of the MLPNN model for modelling the I/I situation for the catchments. The results of the research can be used to support spatial decision making in sewer system maintenance.

Determining the Equation of the Impact Forces Produced by Water Jets Used in Sewer Cleaning

2015 ◽  
Vol 809-810 ◽  
pp. 1579-1584
Author(s):  
Nicolae Medan ◽  
Sándor Ravai Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Water Jets ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Impact Forces ◽  
Pressure Water ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Full Factorial

Since 1950, the use of water jets has grown in the field of cleaning pipes and sewers. The regular cleaning of the materials deposed in sewer networks is realised especially with equipment that uses high pressure water jets. The functioning of this equipment is dependent on certain process parameters that can vary, causing variations of the impact forces. The impact force directly affects the cleaning of sewer systems. This article is a part of research activity what is centered on the study of the cleaning head - sewer system. The purpose of this research is to determine an equation of the impact forces of the water jet that depend on process parameters. The research method used is that of the full factorial plan. For the experimental determination of the impact forces a stand for generating water jets and a device for measuring the forces of impact are used. The equation of the impact forces measured is determined using the software Minitab 17.

scholarly journals Laws of concatenated perception: Vision goes for novelty, Decisions for perseverance

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Pascucci ◽  
G. Mancuso ◽  
E. Santandrea ◽  
C. Della Libera ◽  
G. Plomp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Multilevel Modelling ◽  
Sensory Adaptation ◽  
Serial Dependence ◽  
Human Visual Perception ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

AbstractEvery instant of perception depends on a cascade of brain processes calibrated to the history of sensory and decisional events. In the present work, we show that human visual perception is constantly shaped by two contrasting forces, exerted by sensory adaptation and past decisions. In a series of experiments, we used multilevel modelling and cross-validation approaches to investigate the impact of previous stimuli and responses on current errors in adjustment tasks. Our results revealed that each perceptual report is permeated by opposite biases from a hierarchy of serially dependent processes: low-level adaptation repels perception away from previous stimuli; high-level, decisional traces attract perceptual reports toward previous responses. Contrary to recent claims, we demonstrated that positive serial dependence does not result from continuity fields operating at the level of early visual processing, but arises from the inertia of decisional templates. This finding is consistent with a Two-process model of serial dependence in which the persistence of read-out weights in a decision unit compensates for sensory adaptation, leading to attractive biases in sequential responses. We propose the first unified account of serial dependence in which functionally distinct mechanisms, operating at different stages, promote the differentiation and integration of visual information over time.

Impact of sewer condition on urban flooding: an uncertainty analysis based on field observations and Monte Carlo simulations on full hydrodynamic models

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 2219-2227 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. van Bijnen ◽  
H. Korving ◽  
F. Clemens
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Monte Carlo Simulations ◽  
Surface Damage ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Urban Pluvial Flooding ◽  
The Impact

In-sewer defects are directly responsible for affecting the performance of sewer systems. Notwithstanding the impact of the condition of the assets on serviceability, sewer performance is usually assessed assuming the absence of in-sewer defects. This leads to an overestimation of serviceability. This paper presents the results of a study in two research catchments on the impact of in-sewer defects on urban pluvial flooding at network level. Impacts are assessed using Monte Carlo simulations with a full hydrodynamic model of the sewer system. The studied defects include root intrusion, surface damage, attached and settled deposits, and sedimentation. These defects are based on field observations and translated to two model parameters (roughness and sedimentation). The calculation results demonstrate that the return period of flooding, number of flooded locations and flooded volumes are substantially affected by in-sewer defects. Irrespective of the type of sewer system, the impact of sedimentation is much larger than the impact of roughness. Further research will focus on comparing calculated and measured behaviour in one of the research catchments.

Investigating the Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Stigma Among Young Adults With History of Suicide Attempts

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meshan Lehmann ◽  
Matthew R. Hilimire ◽  
Lawrence H. Yang ◽  
Bruce G. Link ◽  
Jordan E. DeVylder
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
High Functioning ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Background: Self-esteem is a major contributor to risk for repeated suicide attempts. Prior research has shown that awareness of stigma is associated with reduced self-esteem among people with mental illness. No prior studies have examined the association between self-esteem and stereotype awareness among individuals with past suicide attempts. Aims: To understand the relationship between stereotype awareness and self-esteem among young adults who have and have not attempted suicide. Method: Computerized surveys were administered to college students (N = 637). Linear regression analyses were used to test associations between self-esteem and stereotype awareness, attempt history, and their interaction. Results: There was a significant stereotype awareness by attempt interaction (β = –.74, p = .006) in the regression analysis. The interaction was explained by a stronger negative association between stereotype awareness and self-esteem among individuals with past suicide attempts (β = –.50, p = .013) compared with those without attempts (β = –.09, p = .037). Conclusion: Stigma is associated with lower self-esteem within this high-functioning sample of young adults with histories of suicide attempts. Alleviating the impact of stigma at the individual (clinical) or community (public health) levels may improve self-esteem among this high-risk population, which could potentially influence subsequent suicide risk.

The Film World’s Cooperative Store: Institutions and Films of the 1930s and 1940s

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Claire Thomson
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Early History ◽  
World War ◽  
International Context ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

This chapter traces the early history of state-sponsored informational filmmaking in Denmark, emphasising its organisation as a ‘cooperative’ of organisations and government agencies. After an account of the establishment and early development of the agency Dansk Kulturfilm in the 1930s, the chapter considers two of its earliest productions, both process films documenting the manufacture of bricks and meat products. The broader context of documentary in Denmark is fleshed out with an account of the production and reception of Poul Henningsen’s seminal film Danmark (1935), and the international context is accounted for with an overview of the development of state-supported filmmaking in the UK, Italy and Germany. Developments in the funding and output of Dansk Kulturfilm up to World War II are outlined, followed by an account of the impact of the German Occupation of Denmark on domestic informational film. The establishment of the Danish Government Film Committee or Ministeriernes Filmudvalg kick-started aprofessionalisation of state-sponsored filmmaking, and two wartime public information films are briefly analysed as examples of its early output. The chapter concludes with an account of the relations between the Danish Resistance and an emerging generation of documentarists.

A Left History of Liquorice: What It Means to Write "Left" History

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan D. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Historical Study ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Special Edition ◽  
Political Climate ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

This article is part of a special Left History series reflecting upon changing currents and boundaries in the practice of left history, and outlining the challenges historians of the left must face in the current tumultuous political climate. This series extends a conversation first convened in a 2006 special edition of Left History (11.1), which asked the question, “what is left history?” In the updated series, contributors were asked a slightly modified question, “what does it mean to write ‘left’ history?” The article charts the impact of major political developments on the field of left history in the last decade, contending that a rising neoliberal and right-wing climate has constructed an environment inhospitable to the discipline’s survival. To remain relevant, Palmer calls for historians of the left to develop a more “open-ended and inclusive” understanding of the left and to push the boundaries of inclusion for a meaningful historical study of the left. To illustrate, Palmer provides a brief materialist history of liquorice to demonstrate the mutability of left history as a historical approach, rather than a set of traditional political concerns.

THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL BASES OF THE CONCEPT OF SOCIO LINGUISTICS

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Durdona Karimova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sociolinguistic Competence ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

This article discusses the theoretical and practical foundations of the concept of sociolinguistics and the importance of this field in the study of the impact of society on language. It also describes the views of linguists in this regard, the history of the origin and development of the filed, its connection with other disciplines, and explains in detail the sociolinguistic issues with practical examples.In addition, the terms as macro-sociolinguistics and micro-sociolinguistics and sociolinguistic competence are explained.

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