scholarly journals Effect of C/N ratios on nitrogen removal and microbial communities in the anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) with an anammox-coupling-denitrification process

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
pp. 2338-2348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chongjun Chen ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Xuliang Yu ◽  
Juan Mei ◽  
Ying Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Anammox Bacterium ◽  
Miseq Sequencing ◽  
Anaerobic Baffled Reactor ◽  
Denitrification Process

Abstract Effects of different C/N (NO2–N) ratios on nitrogen removal and microbial community structure were investigated using an anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR). Results indicated that the C/N ratio exerted an important effect on nitrogen removal in the anammox-coupling-denitrification process associated with the ABR. When the C/N ratio was 1.29, the ABR could achieve the highest total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency of 99.9%. Most of TN was removed in the 1st and 2nd compartment, accounting for about 81.0–97.6% of total TN removal. The nitrogen removal resulted from the interaction among anammox, heterotrophic denitrificans, and other microbes within the ABR. The contribution of anammox to nitrogen removal varied from 6.8% to 32.4%. High-throughput MiSeq sequencing analyses revealed that the C/N ratio was one of the most important factors regulating the microbial community structure, and the predominant phylum changed from Proteobacteria to Chloroflexi with the elevated C/N ratio. In addition, the Candidatus Brocadia was the major anammox bacterium, and its percentage varied from 1.0–2.9% at day 9 to 2.8–9.1% at day 46.

scholarly journals Study of Periplaneta Americana Microbial Community Structure and Diversity by 16S rRNA High-Throughput Sequencing

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 350
Author(s):  
Zhuang Zhi Chen ◽  
Xiu Mei Wu ◽  
Yong Mei Shen ◽  
Cheng Gong Li ◽  
Kai Ge Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Shannon Index

<p><strong><em>Objective: </em></strong><em>The present study probes into the microbial community structure in Periplaneta americana under different breeding conditions, using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technique, in the hope of finding the microbial community structure in Periplaneta americana and their diversity under different breeding conditions. </em></p><p><strong><em>Methods:</em></strong><em> In this study, we extract the microbial metagenomic DNA of 5 groups of Periplaneta americana which under different breeding conditions. Using lllumina Miseq sequencing platform, two-terminal sequencing of V3-V4 regions of 16S rRNA were sequenced; diversity of community structure was analyzed using the softwares such as fastqc, </em><em>QIIME, </em><em>PyNAST, fasttree and R language.</em></p><p><strong><em>Results: </em></strong><em>Shannon index of samples in SG group was lower than that of the other four groups, significantly lower than that of DB group (P&lt;0.05), but not significantly different from other groups. This suggested that the intake of a mixed fodder with high sugar, high fat and high protein by Periplaneta americana can reduce the diversity of microbial communities. Our findings showed that breeding intervention with different fodders may cause differences in the contents of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes in Periplaneta americana. Results showed that long-term intake of lots of sucrose and fat may increase the proportion of Bacteroidetes in Periplaneta americana; and long-term intake of lots of sucrose may reduce the proportion of Proteobacteria in Periplaneta americana; and long-term intake of lots of fat may reduce the proportion of Firmicutes in Periplaneta americana. Two major dominant bacterial genera in all samples were Blattabacterium and Rickettsiella. But different feeding interventions can change the proportions of Blattabacterium and Rickettsiella.</em></p><p><strong><em>Conclusion:</em></strong><em> Periplaneta americana has a complex microbial community structure. Different feeding conditions may change the microbial community structure of Periplaneta americana. An important bacterial genus in Periplaneta americana, Blattabacterium is positively correlated with the intake of sucrose- and fat-rich fodder. In the breeding process of Periplaneta americana, adding sucrose and fat to fodder may increase the content and proportion of Blattabacterium in microbial communities.</em></p>

Analysis of Microbial Community Structure and Volatile Compounds in the Pit Mud Used for Manufacturing Taorong-type Baijiu Based on High-Throughput Sequencing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanbo Liu ◽  
Mengxiao Sun ◽  
Pei Hou ◽  
Wenya Wang ◽  
Xiangkun Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pit Mud

Abstract In this study, the pit mud used in manufacturing Taorong-type Baijiu was collected from the upper, middle, lower and bottom layers of pits in Henan Yangshao Liquor Co., LTD. Besides, high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technology was adopted to analyze the microbial community structure of the pit mud. In addition, the volatile compounds in the pit mud were subjected to preliminarily qualitative analysis through headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results of HTS demonstrated that there were 5, 3, 5 and 5 dominant bacterial phyla (including 11, 11, 9 and 8 dominant bacterial genera) and 3, 3, 3 and 3 dominant fungal phyla (including 4, 7, 7 and 5 dominant fungal genera) in the pit mud from F-S (upper), G-Z (middle), H-X (lower) and I-D (bottom), respectively. The qualitative analysis results of volatile compounds demonstrated that a total of 78 kinds of volatile compounds were detected in the pit mud, including 46, 45, 39 and 49 kinds in the pit mud from F-S, G-Z, H-X and I-D, respectively. Ester and acid were the two main components in the pit mud. Meanwhile, the correlation between microorganisms and main volatile compounds in the pit mud was analyzed. Moreover, Lentimicrobium, Syner-01 and Blvii28_wastewater-sludge group were found for the first time in the pit mud used for manufacturing Taorong-type Baijiu. The findings of this study could provide a theoretical foundation for improving the quality of pit mud and the flavor of Taorong-type Baijiu.

Phylum-Specific Primer Design and Implication in Quantification of the Microbial Community Structure in GuJingGong Pit Mud

2014 ◽  
Vol 1051 ◽  
pp. 311-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Mei Luo ◽  
Zhi Lei Gao ◽  
Hui Min Zhang ◽  
An Jun Li ◽  
Hong Kui He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Real Time Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Pit Mud ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Primers

In recent years, despite the significant improvement of sequencing technologies such as the pyrosequencing, rapid evaluation of microbial community structures remains very difficult because of the abundance and complexity of organisms in almost all natural microbial communities. In this paper, a group of phylum-specific primers were elaborately designed based on a single nucleotide discrimination technology to quantify the main microbial community structure from GuJingGong pit mud samples using the real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Specific PCR (polymerase chain reaction) primers targeting a particular group would provide promising sensitivity and more in-depth assessment of microbial communities.

A quantitative comparison of microbial community structure of estuarine sediments from microcosms and the field

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Federle ◽  
Robert J. Livingston ◽  
Loretta E. Wolfe ◽  
David C. White
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Estuarine Sediments ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Apalachicola Bay ◽  
Sound Experiment

Estuarine soft-bottom sediments in microcosms and the field were compared with regard to microbial community structure. Community structure was determined by analyzing the fatty acids derived from the microbial lipids in the sediments. Fatty acid profiles were compared using a multivariate statistical approach. Experiments were performed using sediments from St. George Sound and Apalachicola Bay, Florida. The community structure of St. George Sound sediments was apparently controlled by epibenthic predators. In Apalachicola Bay, the dominant influences were physical factors related to the flow of the Apalachicola River. In the St. George Sound experiment, microbial communities in the microcosms differed from those in the field after only 2 weeks, and the degree of this difference increased substantially as time progressed. In the Apalachicola Bay experiment, although microbial communities in the microcosms were detectably different from those in the field, the degree of this difference was not large nor did it increase with time. This differential behavior of sediment communities from different sites may be related to the different ecological factors regulating community composition at these sites.

scholarly journals Microbial community structure in the western tropical South Pacific

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 3909-3925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Bock ◽  
France Van Wambeke ◽  
Moïra Dion ◽  
Solange Duhamel
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
N2 Fixation ◽  
Phytoplankton Biomass ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Bottom Up

Abstract. Oligotrophic regions play a central role in global biogeochemical cycles, with microbial communities in these areas representing an important term in global carbon budgets. While the general structure of microbial communities has been well documented in the global ocean, some remote regions such as the western tropical South Pacific (WTSP) remain fundamentally unexplored. Moreover, the biotic and abiotic factors constraining microbial abundances and distribution remain not well resolved. In this study, we quantified the spatial (vertical and horizontal) distribution of major microbial plankton groups along a transect through the WTSP during the austral summer of 2015, capturing important autotrophic and heterotrophic assemblages including cytometrically determined abundances of non-pigmented protists (also called flagellates). Using environmental parameters (e.g., nutrients and light availability) as well as statistical analyses, we estimated the role of bottom–up and top–down controls in constraining the structure of the WTSP microbial communities in biogeochemically distinct regions. At the most general level, we found a “typical tropical structure”, characterized by a shallow mixed layer, a clear deep chlorophyll maximum at all sampling sites, and a deep nitracline. Prochlorococcus was especially abundant along the transect, accounting for 68 ± 10.6 % of depth-integrated phytoplankton biomass. Despite their relatively low abundances, picophytoeukaryotes (PPE) accounted for up to 26 ± 11.6 % of depth-integrated phytoplankton biomass, while Synechococcus accounted for only 6 ± 6.9 %. Our results show that the microbial community structure of the WTSP is typical of highly stratified regions, and underline the significant contribution to total biomass by PPE populations. Strong relationships between N2 fixation rates and plankton abundances demonstrate the central role of N2 fixation in regulating ecosystem processes in the WTSP, while comparative analyses of abundance data suggest microbial community structure to be increasingly regulated by bottom–up processes under nutrient limitation, possibly in response to shifts in abundances of high nucleic acid bacteria (HNA).

Spatial variation in microbial community structure, richness, and diversity in an alluvial aquifer

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 1135-1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.G. Medihala ◽  
J.R. Lawrence ◽  
G.D.W. Swerhone ◽  
D.R. Korber
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Alluvial Aquifer ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis

Relatively little is known regarding the spatial variability of microbial communities in aquifers where well fouling is an issue. In this study 2 water wells were installed in an alluvial aquifer located adjacent to the North Saskatchewan River and an associated piezometer network developed to facilitate the study of microbial community structure, richness, and diversity. Carbon utilization data analysis revealed reduced microbial activity in waters collected close to the wells. Functional PCR and quantitative PCR analysis indicated spatial variability in the potential for iron-, sulphate-, and nitrate-reducing activity at all locations in the aquifer. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of aquifer water samples using principal components analyses indicated that the microbial community composition was spatially variable, and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis sequence analysis revealed that bacteria belonging to the genera Acidovorax , Rhodobacter , and Sulfuricurvum were common throughout the aquifer. Shannon’s richness (H′) and Pielou’s evenness (J′) indices revealed a varied microbial diversity (H′ = 1.488–2.274) and an even distribution of microbial communities within the aquifer (J′ = 0.811–0.917). Overall, these analyses revealed that the aquifer’s microbial community varied spatially in terms of composition, richness, and metabolic activity. Such information may facilitate the diagnosis, prevention, and management of fouling.

scholarly journals Relationships between Microbial Community Structure and Hydrochemistry in a Landfill Leachate-Polluted Aquifer

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 4619-4629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilfred F. M. Röling ◽  
Boris M. van Breukelen ◽  
Martin Braster ◽  
Bin Lin ◽  
Henk W. van Verseveld
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
16S Rdna ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Numerical Comparison ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

ABSTRACT Knowledge about the relationship between microbial community structure and hydrogeochemistry (e.g., pollution, redox and degradation processes) in landfill leachate-polluted aquifers is required to develop tools for predicting and monitoring natural attenuation. In this study analyses of pollutant and redox chemistry were conducted in parallel with culture-independent profiling of microbial communities present in a well-defined aquifer (Banisveld, The Netherlands). Degradation of organic contaminants occurred under iron-reducing conditions in the plume of pollution, while upstream of the landfill and above the plume denitrification was the dominant redox process. Beneath the plume iron reduction occurred. Numerical comparison of 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA)-based denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles of Bacteria andArchaea in 29 groundwater samples revealed a clear difference between the microbial community structures inside and outside the contaminant plume. A similar relationship was not evident in sediment samples. DGGE data were supported by sequencing cloned 16S rDNA. Upstream of the landfill members of the β subclass of the class Proteobacteria(β-proteobacteria) dominated. This group was not encountered beneath the landfill, where gram-positive bacteria dominated. Further downstream the contribution of gram-positive bacteria to the clone library decreased, while the contribution of δ-proteobacteria strongly increased and β-proteobacteria reappeared. The β-proteobacteria (Acidovorax,Rhodoferax) differed considerably from those found upstream (Gallionella, Azoarcus). Direct comparisons of cloned 16S rDNA with bands in DGGE profiles revealed that the data from each analysis were comparable. A relationship was observed between the dominant redox processes and the bacteria identified. In the iron-reducing plume members of the familyGeobacteraceae made a strong contribution to the microbial communities. Because the only known aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading, iron-reducing bacteria areGeobacter spp., their occurrence in landfill leachate-contaminated aquifers deserves more detailed consideration.

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