scholarly journals Initial pH and K+ concentrations jointly determine the types of biogenic ferric hydroxysulfate minerals and their effect on adsorption removal of Cr(VI) in simulated acid mine drainage

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (10) ◽  
pp. 2183-2192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongwei Song ◽  
Jianyu Zhang ◽  
Heru Wang
Keyword(s):  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Adsorption Removal ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Strong Ability

Abstract It is of practical significance to promote the transformation of Fe in acid mine drainage (AMD) into ferric hydroxysulfate minerals with strong ability to remove heavy metals or metalloids. To investigate the types of biogenic ferric hydroxysulfate minerals generated in AMD by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (A. ferrooxidans), different pH and K+ concentrations are tested for the formation of precipitates in media containing 160 mmol/L Fe2+. The Cr(VI) removal efficiencies of ferric hydroxysulfate minerals in AMD with different acidities are also compared. Results indicate that the mineralizing abilities of the initial pH levels (pH 3.0 > pH 2.5 > pH 2.0) and K+ concentrations (53.3 mmol/L > 3.2 mmol/L ≈ 0.8 mmol/L) differ, with cumulative Fe precipitation efficiencies of 58.7%, 58.0%, and 44.2% (K+ = 53.3 mmol/L), and 58.7%, 29.9%, and 29.6% (pH 3.0) after 96 h of A. ferrooxidans incubation, respectively. X-ray diffraction indicates that K-jarosites are formed in the treatments n(Fe)/n(K) = 0.1 and 3 at pH 2.0–3.0, while only schwertmannite is generated in a system of pH 3.0 and n(Fe)/n(K) = 200. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals that HCrO4− may be adsorbed as an inner-sphere complex on schwertmannite when the AMD pH is 3.0.

Mineralogy and chemistry of ochre sediments from an acid mine drainage near a disused mine in Cornwall, UK

Clay Minerals ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balwant Singh ◽  
M. J. Wilson ◽  
W. J. McHardy ◽  
A. R. Fraser ◽  
G. Merrington
Keyword(s):  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Ammonium Oxalate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Thermal Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Transmission Electron

AbstractOchre sediments from acid mine drainage in Cornwall have been investigated using X-ray diffraction, thermal methods, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and chemical methods in order to determine their mineralogical and chemical composition. Fresh sediments consist of ferrihydrite and goethite. Large fractions of these minerals are dissolved by the ammonium oxalate treatment reflecting their poorly crystalline structure. Fresh sediments contain large amounts of surface-adsorbed SO4 (up to 9.3%) which is readily desorbed by the PO4 treatment. Goethite is the only mineral present in relatively older sediments and the mineral is well crystallized with rod-shaped morphology. Environmental conditions, such as pH and SO4 content, are not favourable for the presence of schwertmannite at the site. Iron minerals appear to be precipitating around filamentous algae and the shape of algae is preserved in the Fe oxide matrix. The ubiquitous presence of algae in close association with Fe minerals indicate their possible role in the crystallization of Fe oxides.

scholarly journals STUDI KARAKTERISTIK MINERAL PIRIT PADA BATUBARA BERDASARKAN HASIL ANALISIS MIKROSKOPI, PROKSIMAT, SULFUR TOTAL, DAN X-RAY DIFRACTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Widodo ◽  
Sufriadin Sufriadin ◽  
Ansyariah Ansyariah ◽  
Agus Ardianto Budiman ◽  
Nur Asmiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Iron Sulfide ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Total Sulfur ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Acid Mine

Mineral pirit merupakan salah satu mineral sulfida yang sangat sering dijumpai di dalam batubara. Kehadiran mineral pirit sangat berpotensi menimbulkan masalah pada kegiatan penambangan dan pemanfaatan batubara. Terkhusus pada kegiatan penambangan, mineral pirit berpotensi menimbulkan air asam tambang (acid mine drainage) dan pada pemanfaatannya menimbulkan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan. Permasalahan tersebut melatarbelakangi penulis untuk melakukan kegiatan penelitian dan analisis terhadap karakteristik mineral pirit yang terkandung pada batubara di Desa Massenrengpulu, Kecamatan Lamuru, Kabupaten Bone, Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis mikroskopi (petrografi), ultimat (total sulfur) dan X-Ray Diffraction. Hasil analisis mikroskopi menunjukkan bahwa mineral pirit pada batubara di bawah mikroskop terlihat dalam keadaan bebas (tidak terikat) dan tidak terinklusi oleh mineral lain. Kenampakan di bawah mikroskop juga memperlihatkan adanya mineral kuarsa yang diinklusi oleh mineral karbonat. Kenampakan mineral pirit (FeS2) (iron sulfide) memperlihatkan warna krem pucat, isotropik, relief tinggi, berbutir halus, tersebar tidak merata pada massa maseral. Hasil pengamatan mikroskop menunjukkan bahwa bentuk mineral pirit yang dominan adalah bentuk pirit framboidal yang terdiri dari kristal oktahedral, ukuran halus dan speroidal. Hasil analisis XRD memperlihatkan mineral pirit terdeteksi dalam difaktogram pada semua conto batubara ML-1, ML-2A, ML-3, ML-4 dan ML-F. Pada sampel ML-1 terlihat peak tertinggi dengan sudut 2θ 33.26o dan  intensitas 2.6195Å. Pada Conto ML-1 juga terlihat di sudut 2θ 57.982o dengan intensitas 1.5893Å dan peak pirit masih sangat mendominasi dan mempunyai sistem kristal isometrik. Hasil analisis ultimat (total sulfur) conto batubara yang diteliti memiliki kandungan sulfur minimum 1,54% (sampel ML-F) dan  maksimum 11,86% (sampel ML-1). Rata-rata kandungan sulfur total pada sampel batubara di daerah penelitian memperlihatkan nilai rata-rata sebesar 5,18%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa batubara yang dianalisis dikatagorikan sebagai batubara dengan kandungan sulfur yang tinggi. Mineral pirit merupakan mineral sulfida yang paling umum dijumpai pada batubara dan memberikan kontribusi yang besar terhadap kandungan sulfur pada batubara. Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang telah dilakukan, karakteristik pirit pada batubara yang terdapat di daerah penelitian berpotensi memicu terbentuknya air asam tambang dan dapat menimbulkan masalah dalam pemanfaatannya.Kata Kunci: batubara, mineral pirit, total sulfur, mikroskopi, XRD, air asam tambang.

scholarly journals Effective Desalination of Acid Mine Drainage Using an Advanced Oxidation Process: Sodium Ferrate (VI) Salt

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 2619
Author(s):  
Alexis Munyengabe ◽  
Caliphs Zvinowanda ◽  
James Ramontja ◽  
John Ngoni Zvimba
Keyword(s):  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Advanced Oxidation Process ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Acid Mine

The screening and treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD) using Na2FeO4 was explored. Elemental composition was performed, using an Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) for the raw and treated AMD. The AMD samples were collected from three different sampling sites:(Raw Tailing Water 1 (RTW1), Raw Tailing Water 2 (RTW2) and Raw Tailing Water 3 (RTW3)) in Pretoria, South Africa, with acidic pH ranging between 2.50 and 3.13. Total dissolved solids and the electrical conductivity of AMD samples ranged between 960 and 1000 mg L−1, 226 and 263 µS. cm−1, respectively. The final pH of treated water samples increased up to ≥9.5 after treatment with sodium ferrate (VI) (Na2FeO4). Liquid Na2FeO4 was quantitatively produced through a wet oxidation method and was fully characterized, using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) and UV-Vis instruments. Na2FeO4 showed dual functions by removing metals and raising the pH of the treated water. Concentrations of most trace elements did not comply with WHO and DWAF guideline standards in raw AMD while after treatment with Na2FeO4, the concentrations were below guidelines for domestic and irrigation purposes.

Characterization of Philippine Natural Zeolite and its Application for Heavy Metal Removal from Acid Mine Drainage (AMD)

2017 ◽  
Vol 737 ◽  
pp. 407-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor Olegario-Sanchez ◽  
Christian Mark Pelicano
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Heavy Metal Removal ◽  
Metal Species ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Acid Mine

In this study, the adsorption efficiency of Philippine natural zeolite for treating acid mine drainage is investigated. The metal ions considered were Cu2+, Ni2+, and Pb2+ ions. The natural zeolite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX). The XRD result revealed that the natural zeolite is mainly composed of heulandite (Ca,Na)2-3Al3(Al,Si)2Si13O36 • 12H2O. Plate-like structures having rough surface and micro-pores were observed. The natural zeolite exhibited adsorption efficiencies of 99.03%, 35.88% and 35.36% for Pb2+, Cu2+, and Ni2+ ions, respectively, which are higher than those of alumina adsorbent for the same ions. Based on these results, the Philippine natural zeolite has a great potential for removing cationic heavy metal species from acid mine drainage (AMD).

scholarly journals Ultrasound enhanced heterogeneous activation of peroxymonosulfate by a Co-NiOx catalyst

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 1436-1446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenmo Wei ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Yongli Zhang ◽  
Gucheng Zhang ◽  
Peng Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Acid Orange 7 ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Surface Hydroxyl ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Reactive Oxidant

Sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation processes have had considerable attention due to the highly oxidizing function of sulfate radicals (SO4−·) resulting in acceleration of organic pollutants degradation in aqueous environments. A Co-Ni mixed oxide nanocatalyst, which was prepared by the sol-gel method, was employed to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS, HSO5−) to produce SO4−· with Acid Orange 7 (AO7) selected as a radical probe. The catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The characterization results indicated that the ingredient of the catalyst had been changed and the amount of surface hydroxyl increased significantly with the addition of Ni. Therefore, it proved that Co-NiOx catalyst was more effective than CoOx to activate PMS. Moreover, ultrasound (US) can increase the degradation rate of AO7 and US/Co-NiOx/PMS system. This study also focused on some synthesis parameters and the system reached the maximum efficiency under the condition when [PMS] = 0.4 mM, [catalyst] = 0.28 g/L, Pus = 200 W. The AO7 removal in these systems follows first order kinetics. Last but not least, quenching studies was conducted which indicated that the amount of hydroxyl radicals (·OH) increases with the increase of initial pH and SO4−· was the primary reactive oxidant for AO7 degradation.

An evaluation of waste gypsum-based precipitated calcium carbonate for acid mine drainage neutralization

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 1577-1582 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Zvimba ◽  
J. Mulopo ◽  
L. T. Bologo ◽  
M. Mathye
Keyword(s):  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Acid Neutralization ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Neutralization Capacity ◽  
Acid Neutralization Capacity ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Waste Gypsum ◽  
Major Oxide

Precipitated CaCO3 compounds recovered from pulped waste gypsum using some carbonate and hydroxide-based reagents were evaluated for their utilization in acid mine drainage (AMD) neutralization. The neutralization potentials, acid neutralization capacities and compositions of the CaCO3 compounds were determined and compared with some commercial CaCO3. It was observed that CaCO3 recovered from waste gypsum using Na2CO3 significantly neutralized AMD compared with commercial CaCO3 and that recovered using both (NH4)2CO3 or NH4OH-CO2 reagents. Moreover, a higher acid neutralization capacity of 1,370 kg H2SO4/t was determined for CaCO3 recovered from waste gypsum using Na2CO3 compared with an average of 721 and 1,081 kg H2SO4/t for ammonium-based CaCO3 and commercial CaCO3 respectively. The inorganic carbon content for the CaCO3 recovered using Na2CO3 and ammonium-based reagents of 49 and 34% respectively confirmed their observed neutralization potentials and acid neutralization capacities, while energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence suggested absence of major oxide impurities, with the exception of residual SO42− and Na2O which still requires further reduction in the respective compounds.

scholarly journals Degradation of Acid Red B by Manganese doped iron oxychloride and Permonosulfate: Performance and Inhomogeneous Activation Mechanism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Chen ◽  
Dan Zhao ◽  
Yanmao Dong ◽  
Chengrun Cai ◽  
Yan Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Active Species ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Activation Mechanism ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Initial Ph

Abstract manganese doped iron oxychloride (Mn-FeOCl) was synthesized by partial pyrolysis method. The Mn-FeOCl was used as heterogeneous catalyst to activate permonosulfate (PMS) for the degradation of azo dye acid red B(ARB) for the first time. The Mn-FeOCl was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD). The effects of Mn-FeOCl dosage, PMS concentration, initial pH value, Cl ion concentration and humic acid (HA) dosage on the degradation of ARB by Mn-FeOCl/PMS were investigated. Results showed that the ARB was degraded effectively by Mn-FeOCl/PMS. The mineralization rate of ARB reached 42.5%. As the Mn-FeOCl dosage was 0.1g/L, PMS concentration was 1mmol/L, and ARB concentration was 0.05mmol/L, the degradation rate of ARB reached 99.4% in 30 minutes. With the increase of PMS dosage, Mn-FeOCl dosage, Cl− ion concentration and initial pH value, the decolorization effect of ARB increased. The reaction mechanism was analyzed by free radical quenching experiment and XPS. The main active species were determined as ·OH and SO4·− which generated by PMS activation. The SO4·−−was the main active species.

scholarly journals Adaptation and Growth of Botryococcus braunii on Acid Mine Drainage

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3S) ◽  
pp. 238-241
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Botryococcus Braunii ◽  
Metal Exposure ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
High Metal Content ◽  
Fe And Mn ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
The Media

Phycoremediation of acid mine drainage (AMD) is an alternative to AMD treatment but has limited applications. The obstacle in the application of AMD phycoremediation is that the characteristic of wastewater which limits the growth of microalgae, where AMD has a high metal content and low pH. In this study, Botryococcus braunii was cultured on media with variations in the addition of AMD of (v/v) 0%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4% and had a pH of 7.2, 5.6, 5.1, 4.8, 4.3, respectively, on the photobioreactor. Botryococcus braunii growth rate was analyzed, as well as the effect of metal exposure and pH variations on the growth of Botryococcus braunii. Botryococcus braunii showed different growth rates, sequentially from the highest rate in the media with addition of AMD (v/v) 2.5%, 3%, 0%, 3.5%, 4% is 1.403 d-1 ,1.374 d-1 ,0.0862 d-1 ,0.0738 d-1 , and 0.0616 d-1 . It is known that the highest growth rate of Botryococcus braunii is obtained in media with 2.5% (v/v) AMD with an initial pH of 5.6, and Fe and Mn concentrations of 2.15 mg.L-1 and 0.62 mg.L-1 , respectively. It is also known the ability of Botryococcus braunii to adapt to acidic conditions with Fe and Mn content, where Botryococcus braunii plays a role in increasing media pH and is able to remove Fe and Mn with the highest values of 84.28% and 98%, respectively.

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