scholarly journals Survival of ESKAPE pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii in water of different temperatures and pH

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 1370-1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svjetlana Dekic ◽  
Jasna Hrenovic ◽  
Tomislav Ivankovic ◽  
Erna van Wilpe
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Emergent Pathogen ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Bacterium Acinetobacter baumannii is an emergent pathogen associated with nosocomial infections, which can be also found in natural waters. The impact of ecological factors on A. baumannii is insufficiently investigated. The aim was to examine the influence of temperatures (−20 to 80 °C) and pH values (2 to 12) on the survival of environmental and clinical isolates of A. baumannii in nutrient-deprived spring water (SW) and nutrient-rich diluted nutrient broth during 5 months. A. baumannii successfully survived at −20 to 44 °C and neutral pH for 5 months, which is consistent with the persistence of this pathogen in the hospital environment. At temperatures 50 to 80 °C the survival of A. baumannii ranged from 5 days to 5 min. The pH 2 was the most lethal with survival time up to 3 hours, suggesting that acidic conditions are promising for disinfection of water contaminated with A. baumannii. Although the type of media was not statistically significant for long-time survival, the extensively resistant or pandrug-resistant isolates survived better in SW than susceptible or multidrug-resistant isolates. Two distinct colony phenotypes were recorded at extreme temperatures and pH values. The results of this study provide insight into the behaviour of this emerging pathogen in the environment.

Optimal methods of psychological support in patientswith multidrug-­resistant pulmonary tuberculosis and their effect on adherence to treatment

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
N.A. Lytvynenko ◽  
Yu.O. Senko ◽  
L.M. Protsyk ◽  
V.V. Davydenko ◽  
S.P. Korotchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Psychological Support ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Adherence To Treatment ◽  
Individual Counseling ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Impact

Tuberculosis is a severe infectious disease that negatively affects not only the physical condition of patients, but also the psychological condition of patients. The first thing — the shock of the first diagnosis of tuberculosis for the patient. The second thing — when the patient realizes that he must be treated for an unusually long time. Objective — to learn the impact of providing psychological support for the patients with tuberculosis in a phthisiatric hospital in the form of individual counseling and group classes for patients. Materials and methods. A prospective surgical study was provided to establish the level of knowledge, level of adherence to treatment of patients with tuberculosis and the degree of violation of their psycho-emotional state at the beginning of treatment, and individual counseling and group classes for patients. The study included 335 patients with multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis, who received treatment at the clinic of the National Institute of Phthisiology and Pulmonology named after F.G. Yanovsky NAMS of Ukraine on short-term and individualized regimens of antimycobacterial therapy in the framework of scientific developments. Patients received questionnaires before treatment and before discharge, counseling on tuberculosis and their psychological state, various group classes. Results and discussion. A comprehensive approach of treatment using different methods of psychological support allowed increasing the level of adherence to treatment by 32% in the group of patients who received a group classes, compared with those patients who didn’t; reduce the level of stigma by 40.5%, halve the severity anxiety disorders. Conclusions. Comprehensive psychological support should be a mandatory component in the treatment of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, which can significantly reduce stigma, improve the psychological state of patients and their adaptation in society.

scholarly journals Molecular Analysis of the Acinetobacter baumannii Biofilm-Associated Protein

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (21) ◽  
pp. 6535-6543 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Sharon Goh ◽  
Scott A. Beatson ◽  
Makrina Totsika ◽  
Danilo G. Moriel ◽  
Minh-Duy Phan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Amino Acid Region ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
C Terminus ◽  
And Function

ABSTRACTAcinetobacter baumanniiis a multidrug-resistant pathogen associated with hospital outbreaks of infection across the globe, particularly in the intensive care unit. The ability ofA. baumanniito survive in the hospital environment for long periods is linked to antibiotic resistance and its capacity to form biofilms. Here we studied the prevalence, expression, and function of theA. baumanniibiofilm-associated protein (Bap) in 24 carbapenem-resistantA. baumanniiST92 strains isolated from a single institution over a 10-year period. Thebapgene was highly prevalent, with 22/24 strains being positive forbapby PCR. Partial sequencing ofbapwas performed on the index case strain MS1968 and revealed it to be a large and highly repetitive gene approximately 16 kb in size. Phylogenetic analysis employing a 1,948-amino-acid region corresponding to the C terminus of Bap showed that BapMS1968clusters with Bap sequences from clonal complex 2 (CC2) strains ACICU, TCDC-AB0715, and 1656-2 and is distinct from Bap in CC1 strains. By using overlapping PCR, thebapMS1968gene was cloned, and its expression in a recombinantEscherichia colistrain resulted in increased biofilm formation. A Bap-specific antibody was generated, and Western blot analysis showed that the majority ofA. baumanniistrains expressed an ∼200-kDa Bap protein. Further analysis of three Bap-positiveA. baumanniistrains demonstrated that Bap is expressed at the cell surface and is associated with biofilm formation. Finally, biofilm formation by these Bap-positive strains could be inhibited by affinity-purified Bap antibodies, demonstrating the direct contribution of Bap to biofilm growth byA. baumanniiclinical isolates.

scholarly journals Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections in COVID-19 patients hospitalized in intensive care unit

Infection ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Russo ◽  
Francesca Gavaruzzi ◽  
Giancarlo Ceccarelli ◽  
Cristian Borrazzo ◽  
Alessandra Oliva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Steroid Therapy ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Serum Lactate ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives Superinfections in patients hospitalized in intensive care unit (ICU) are an important and challenging complication, also in COVID-19. However, no definitive data are available about the role of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR-AB) in COVID-19. Methods This was a single-center, cross-sectional study including patients with MDR-AB infections admitted to ICU with or without COVID-19, between January 2019 and January 2021. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate risk factor for MDR-AB infections in ICU patients hospitalized for COVID-19 or other etiology. The secondary endpoints were 30-days mortality in all study population and risk factors associated with development of bloodstream infection (BSI). Results During the study period 32 adults with COVID-19 were enrolled and compared with 115 patients admitted in the same ICU for other reasons. We observed a total of 114 deaths, with a survival rate of 29.3%: 18.8% in COVID-19 and 32.2% in control group. Relative risk for MDR-AB infection in COVID-19 showed that serum lactate levels mmol/l > 2, Acinetobacter baumannii colonization, BSI and steroid therapy were observed more frequently in COVID-19 patients. Cox regression analysis showed that serum lactate levels > 2 mmol/l, Acinetobacter baumannii colonization, BSI, and steroid therapy were associated with 30-days mortality. Finally, patients with COVID-19, white blood cells count > 11,000 mm3, serum lactate levels > 2 mmol/l, infections at time of ICU admission, Acinetobacter baumannii colonization, and steroid therapy were independently associated with development of BSI. Conclusions Our data highlight the impact of BSI on outcome, the role of Acinetobacter baumannii colonization and the use of steroids on the risk to develop MDR-AB infections also during COVID-19.

scholarly journals Peptidoglycan recycling contributes to outer membrane integrity and carbapenem tolerance in Acinetobacter baumannii

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nowrosh Islam ◽  
Misha I. Kazi ◽  
Katie N. Kang ◽  
Jacob Biboy ◽  
Joe Gray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Tolerance ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Tolerance Factors ◽  
The Impact

The Gram-negative cell envelope is an essential structure that not only protects the cell against lysis from the internal turgor, but also forms a barrier to limit entry of antibiotics. Some of our most potent bactericidal antibiotics, the β-lactams, exploit the essentiality of the cell envelope by inhibiting its biosynthesis, typically inducing lysis and rapid death. However, many Gram-negative bacteria exhibit antibiotic tolerance, the ability to sustain viability in the presence of β-lactams for extended time periods. Despite several studies showing that antibiotic tolerance contributes directly to treatment failure, and is a steppingstone in acquisition of true resistance, the molecular factors that promote intrinsic tolerance are not well-understood. Acinetobacter baumannii is a critical-threat nosocomial pathogen notorious for its ability to rapidly develop multidrug resistance. While typically reserved to combat multidrug resistant infections, carbapenem β-lactam antibiotics (i.e., meropenem) are first-line prescriptions to treat A. baumannii infections. Meropenem tolerance in Gram-negative pathogens is characterized by morphologically distinct populations of spheroplasts, but the impact of spheroplast formation is not fully understood. Here, we show that susceptible A. baumannii clinical isolates demonstrate high intrinsic tolerance to meropenem, form spheroplasts with the antibiotic and revert to normal growth after antibiotic removal. Using transcriptomics and genetics screens, we characterized novel tolerance factors and found that outer membrane integrity maintenance, drug efflux and peptidoglycan homeostasis collectively contribute to meropenem tolerance in A. baumannii. Furthermore, outer membrane integrity and peptidoglycan recycling are tightly linked in their contribution to meropenem tolerance in A. baumannii.

scholarly journals Effect of temperature on conidial germination and growth of the fungus Discosporium populeum (Sacc) Sutton

2004 ◽  
pp. 127-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nenad Keca ◽  
Dragan Karadzic
Keyword(s):  
Germ Tube ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Conidial Germination ◽  
Tube Growth ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Poplar Plantations ◽  
Germination And Growth

Dothichiza, poplar canker, due to its significance in the establishment of intensive poplar plantations, has been drawing attention for already a long time. The aim of the test was to study some of the most important physiological characteristics of the fungus, such as conidial germination germ tube growth and growth of mycelium at different temperatures on the isolates from north Potisje and to compare the study results with the domestic and foreign literature sources. The aim of this study was not to identify the different lower systematic categories, but to identify the differences between individual isolates - populations, depending on the most significant ecological factors, such as temperature.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Multidrug-resistant Bacteria Isolated from Hospitalized Patients in a Regional Central Hospital in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jixun Zhang ◽  
Rui Li ◽  
Zhenzhong Liu ◽  
Chao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Central Hospital ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives: Considering the dynamic changes of MDR, we did an up-to-date study and analyzed the impact of MDR on the outcome of patients. Design: Collected MDR isolated from hospitalized patients between June 2018 and May 2020 and performed retrospective analysis. Setting: This study was conducted in a public regional central hospital in China.Patients: 1156 patients with MDR infections.Results: Total 1291 MDRS were isolated, intensive care unit (ICU) accounted for 32.3% as the most. The main samples were sputum (75.1%) and 89.6% MDR were Gram-negative. The most common MDR were Acinetobacter baumannii, carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, ESBL-producing E. coli. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and ESBL-producing K.pneumoniae. 35.6% were nosocomial infections and 64.4% were community-acquired infections. There was a statistically significant difference in mortality between patients infected with MDR and those with non-MDR (7.4% [32/432] vs 2.6% [17/655]; P = 0.001). The Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae were mainly sensitive to tigecycline. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa was mainly sensitive to amikacin and levofloxacin. More than 80% of the Escherichia coli were sensitive to tigecycline and carbapenems. More than 90% of MRSA were sensitive to vancomycin, linezolid, and quinoprptin / daptoptin.Conclusions: The MDRS are mainly gram-negative bacteria. ICU contributes most MDR and pulmonary infection is the main origin of MDR. MDR infection is an independent risk factor for death. ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, especially carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae, should be paid more attention. This study is helpful to understand the distribution of MDR in hospital and the extent of antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals Decreasing Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter Baumannii in Rīga East University Hospital / Multirezistentās Acinetobacter Baumannii Izplatības Mazināšanās Rīgas Austrumu Klīniskajā Universitātes Slimnīcā

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 232-236
Author(s):  
Māris Liepiņš ◽  
Raimonds Sīmanis ◽  
Aivars Lejnieks
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Venous Catheter ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Time Period

Abstract There has been an increasing tendency of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO), including multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDRAB), in the Rīga East University Hospital (REUH) during the last decade. Over the last two years (2014-2015), this tendency has reversed and the prevalence of MDRAB has decreased considerably. In this study we assessed the prevalence of MDRAB in intensive care units (ICUs), internal medicine, surgery units and analysed antibiotic sensitivity profiles. In addition, we determined if current infection control measures are preventing further increase of infections caused by MDRAB in REUH. Retrospective Acinetobacter baumannii prevalence data were collected for the period from 2009 until 2012. For the time period from the beginning of 2013 until 2015, after implementing such infection control measures as control of compliance to hand hygiene guidelines, a review of central venous catheter insertion protocols and regular search for sources of MDRAB in hospital environment, prospective follow-up of new cases was conducted. Antimicrobial sensitivity profiles were assessed for the period from 2013 until 2015. Data were processed with the statistical software WHONET 5.5. Bacteria identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed by VITEK 2 compact, BioMerieux, France. The prevalence of MDRAB in the period 2009 to 2013 increased from 71 to 217 cases per year, but from between 2013 (time of implementing infection control measures) and 2015 it decreased to 113 cases in 2015. In the three year period (2013-2015), the proportion of MDRAB causing bloodstream infections (BSI) and central nervous system infections (CNSI) was 15.85% from all identified MDRAB cases. Of the 113 MDRAB infections diagnosed in 2015, BSI was found in 16.81% cases (n = 19). Antibiotic resistance testing showed that colistin is the most effective drug against MDRAB. The majority of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were resistant to Ampicillin/Sulbactam, Piperacillin/Tazobactam, Ceftazidime, Cefepime, Imipenem, Meropenem, Amikacin, Gentamicin, Tobramycin, and Ciprofloxacin. Over the last two years (2014-2015), prevalence of MDRAB infections decreased considerably. In the time period from 2013 to 2014, resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii increased to imipenem, ciprofloxacin and colistin, while decreased slightly to amikacin. Rigorous infection control measures, such as identification and elimination of new MDRAB sources in environment, review of the central venous catheter insertion protocol and improvements in hand hygiene, are crucial for decreasing distribution of and invasive infections caused by MDRAB in the hospital environment.

A key regulatory mechanism of antimicrobial resistance in pathogenic Acinetobacter baumannii

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Felise G Adams
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Histidine Kinase ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Response Regulator ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Extracellular Milieu ◽  
Global Health Issue

Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative bacterial pathogen that has become a pressing global health issue in recent decades. Although virulence factors for this pathogen have been identified, details of how they are regulated are largely unknown. One widely employed regulatory mechanism that bacteria, such as A. baumannii, have adopted is through two component signal transduction systems (TCS). TCS consist of two proteins; a histidine kinase and response regulator. The histidine kinase allows the bacterium to sense alterations in the extracellular milieu, transmitting the information to the response regulator which prompts the cell to modify gene expression levels accordingly. Bacteria can encode multiple TCS, where each system can mediate specific responses to particular conditions or stressors. Identifying those conditions in which these TCS are expressed, and the genes they regulate known as their ‘regulon', is vital for understanding how A. baumannii survives and persists within the hospital environment or the human host during infection. As we enter the post-antibiotic era, knowledge of TCS could prove to be invaluable, as they offer an alternative target for the treatment of multidrug resistant bacterial infections.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Effects of Peptides from Venom of Social Wasp and Scorpion on Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogério Coutinho das Neves ◽  
Márcia Renata Mortari ◽  
Elisabeth Ferroni Schwartz ◽  
André Kipnis ◽  
Ana Paula Junqueira-Kipnis
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Social Wasp ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Vascular Stents ◽  
Intravascular Stent

Intravascular stent infection is a rare complication with a high morbidity and high mortality; bacteria from the hospital environment form biofilms and are often multidrug-resistant (MDR). Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been considered as alternatives to bacterial infection treatment. We analyzed the formation of the bacterial biofilm on the vascular stents and also tested the inhibition of this biofilm by AMPs to be used as treatment or coating. Antimicrobial activity and antibiofilm were tested with wasp (Agelaia-MPI, Polybia-MPII, Polydim-I) and scorpion (Con10 and NDBP5.8) AMPs against Acinetobacter baumannii clinical strains. A. baumannii formed a biofilm on the vascular stent. Agelaia-MPI and Polybia-MPII inhibited biofilm formation with bacterial cell wall degradation. Coating biofilms with polyethylene glycol (PEG 400) and Agelaia-MPI reduced 90% of A. baumannii adhesion on stents. The wasp AMPs Agelaia-MPI and Polybia-MPII had better action against MDR A. baumannii adherence and biofilm formation on vascular stents, preventing its formation and treating mature biofilm when compared to the other tested peptides.

scholarly journals Control of an Outbreak ofAcinetobacter baumanniiin Burn Unit in a Tertiary Care Hospital of North India

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shweta Sharma ◽  
Nirmaljit Kaur ◽  
Shalini Malhotra ◽  
Preeti Madan ◽  
Charoo Hans
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
North India ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Burn Unit

Acinetobacterinfection is increasing in hospitals and now it is considered as a global threat, as it can be easily transmitted and remain viable in the hospital environment for a long time due to its multidrug-resistant status, resistance to desiccation, and tendency to adhere to inanimate surfaces. Outbreaks caused by multidrug-resistantAcinetobacter baumannii(MDRAB) are difficult to control and have substantial morbidity and mortality, especially in vulnerable host. Here we are describing an outbreak of multidrug-resistantAcinetobacter baumanniiin burn unit of a tertiary care hospital in India followed by its investigation and infection control measures taken to curtail the outbreak. Outbreak investigation and environmental sampling are the key factors which help in deciding the infection control strategies for control of outbreak. Implementation of contact precautions, hand hygiene, personnel protective equipment, environmental disinfection, isolation of patients, and training of health care workers are effective measures to control the outbreak of MDRAB in burn unit.

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