scholarly journals Sewer catchment effects on wastewater and biosolids odour management

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
pp. 2348-2354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Fisher ◽  
Ari Shammay ◽  
Juan Pablo Alvarez–Gaitan ◽  
Richard M. Stuetz
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Community Impact ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Odour Emissions ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The composition of wastewater in sewer catchments is known to affect the performance of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). However, there is limited knowledge as to how catchment characteristics, such as types of catchment industries, impact odour emissions from downstream sludge processing and biosolids management. Odorous emissions from biosolids processing at WWTPs can represent a significant community impact when the local population is exposed to odours. The main odorants emitted from biosolids are volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), however, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in emissions may also be perceptable after the removal of VSCs in odour abatement systems. Types of compounds present in emissions throughout biosolids processing at five WWTPs of varying sizes and levels of treatment (primary only and primary and secondary) were analysed. The ratio of total VSCs to VOCs in emissions, and the sensorial importance of each class varied between the sites. As a number of the VOCs in emissions were of industrial origin, this variation is likely dependent on industrial flows into the upstream sewer catchment. The impact of different emission compositions on both activated carbon and biologically based odour abatement systems were discussed.

Photocatalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds present in airborne environment adjacent to sewage treatment plants

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Raillard ◽  
V. Héquet ◽  
P. Le Cloirec ◽  
J. Legrand
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Photocatalytic Oxidation ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
The Impact

Emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from wastewater in municipal sewage or industrial wastewater treatment plants are often overlooked as sources of exposure to hazardous substances. The impact of such emissions on local airborne environments represents a growing source of scientific, toxicological and public health interest. Actually, VOCs are suspected to be quite dangerous for human health. Some of them belong to the family of odorous compounds and can cause serious annoyance in the neighbourhood of the emission sources. A way to remove VOCs released from sewers and wastewater treatment facilities could be to degrade them by photocatalytic oxidation. TiO2-based photocatalysts are known to be efficient for this kind of application. In the present work TiO2 P25 Degussa was deposited on glass supports. These materials were tested for the degradation of butanone-2 in a photocatalytic reactor. The influence of water vapour (relative humidity) was shown using the Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic model.

Oxygen uptake at Parshall flumes

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 769-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard G Zytner ◽  
Ziyad G Rahmé ◽  
Michael Labocha
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Drop Height ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

Parshall flumes are frequently used to measure flow at municipal wastewater treatment plants. With the flume causing turbulent flow, there is the potential for the emission of volatile organic compounds. To assess the extent of the emissions, laboratory and field measurements at Parshall flumes were completed, using oxygen as a surrogate. The laboratory measurements showed that the most important parameters influencing oxygen uptake were total energy loss and downstream water depth. Satisfactory results were also obtained using drop height. Field results from three municipal wastewater treatment plants showed that oxygen uptake correlated strongly with drop height and only slightly with discharge rate. This is beneficial as downstream water depth is difficult to measure in the field. Findings suggest that the use of an appropriate weir model would allow the estimation of oxygen uptake and volatile organic compounds stripping at Parshall flumes.Key words: oxygen uptake, volatile organic compounds, flumes, wastewater.

Concepts for Minimizing Emissions at Activated Sludge Plants

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (9-11) ◽  
pp. 2417-2420 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Pincince
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Single Treatment ◽  
Primary Methods ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Special Circumstances ◽  
Raw Wastewater

In the next few years, the need to decrease emissions of odors and volatile organic compounds will become increasingly important in the design and operation of wastewater treatment plants. The primary methods for decreasing emissions are adding precipitating chemicals to raw wastewater, using velocity-controlled or vortex-type gritchambers, eliminating or decreasing free falls, covering tanks andchannels, decreasing stripping in aeration tanks, minimizing chlorine use, operating treatment plants properly, and collecting and treating vented air. The methods cannot all be used simultaneously at a single treatment plant, and some of them might prove to be too costly, except in special circumstances. Nevertheless, they are worth considering.

scholarly journals Hierarchically Porous Silk/Activated-Carbon Composite Fibres for Adsorption and Repellence of Volatile Organic Compounds

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 1207
Author(s):  
Aled D. Roberts ◽  
Jet-Sing M. Lee ◽  
Adrián Magaz ◽  
Martin W. Smith ◽  
Michael Dennis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Carbon Composite ◽  
Hierarchically Porous ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Regenerated Silk Fibroin ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Fibre Spinning ◽  
Solution Blow Spinning

Fabrics comprised of porous fibres could provide effective passive protection against chemical and biological (CB) threats whilst maintaining high air permeability (breathability). Here, we fabricate hierarchically porous fibres consisting of regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) and activated-carbon (AC) prepared through two fibre spinning techniques in combination with ice-templating—namely cryogenic solution blow spinning (Cryo-SBS) and cryogenic wet-spinning (Cryo-WS). The Cryo-WS RSF fibres had exceptionally small macropores (as low as 0.1 µm) and high specific surface areas (SSAs) of up to 79 m2·g−1. The incorporation of AC could further increase the SSA to 210 m2·g−1 (25 wt.% loading) whilst also increasing adsorption capacity for volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

scholarly journals Characteristics of marine shipping emissions at berth: profiles for particulate matter and volatile organic compounds

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 9527-9545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Xiao ◽  
Mei Li ◽  
Huan Liu ◽  
Mingliang Fu ◽  
Fanyuan Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Elemental Carbon ◽  
Atmospheric Stability ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Emissions from ships at berth play an important role regarding the exposure of high density human populations to atmospheric pollutants in port areas; however, these emissions are not well understood. In this study, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particle emissions from 20 container ships at berth were sampled and analyzed during the “fuel switch” period at Jingtang Port in Hebei Province, China. VOCs and particles were analyzed using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) and a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS), respectively. VOC analysis showed that alkanes and aromatics, especially benzene, toluene and heavier compounds e.g., n-heptane, n-octane and n-nonane, dominated the total identified species. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) yields and ozone (O3) forming potential were 0.017 ± 0.007 g SOA g−1 VOCs and 2.63 ± 0.37 g O3 g−1 VOCs, respectively. Both positive and negative ion mass spectra from individual ships were derived and the intensity of specific ions were quantified. Results showed that elemental carbon (35.74 %), elemental carbon–organic carbon mixtures (33.95 %) and Na-rich particles (21.12 %) were major classes, comprising 90.7 % of the particles observed. Particles from ship auxiliary engines were in the 0.2 to 2.5 µm size range, with a peak occurring at around 0.4 µm. The issue of using vanadium (V) as tracer element was examined, and it was found that V was not a proper tracer of ship emissions when using low sulfur content diesel oil. The average percentage of sulfate particles observed in shipping emissions before and after switching to marine diesel oil remained unchanged at 24 %. Under certain wind conditions, when berths were upwind of emission sources, the ratios before and after 1 January were 35 and 27 % respectively. The impact of atmospheric stability was discussed based on PM2.5 and primary pollutant (carbon monoxide) concentration. With a background of frequent haze episodes and complex mechanisms of particulate accumulation and secondary formation, the impact of atmospheric stability is believed to have been weak on the sulfate contribution from shipping emissions. The results from this study provide robust support for port area air quality assessment and source apportionment.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of biogenic volatile organic compounds to land surface parameterizations and vegetation distributions in California

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1959-1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Zhao ◽  
Maoyi Huang ◽  
Jerome D. Fast ◽  
Larry K. Berg ◽  
Yun Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Vegetation Map ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Current climate models still have large uncertainties in estimating biogenic trace gases, which can significantly affect atmospheric chemistry and secondary aerosol formation that ultimately influences air quality and aerosol radiative forcing. These uncertainties result from many factors, including uncertainties in land surface processes and specification of vegetation types, both of which can affect the simulated near-surface fluxes of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs). In this study, the latest version of Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN v2.1) is coupled within the land surface scheme CLM4 (Community Land Model version 4.0) in the Weather Research and Forecasting model with chemistry (WRF-Chem). In this implementation, MEGAN v2.1 shares a consistent vegetation map with CLM4 for estimating BVOC emissions. This is unlike MEGAN v2.0 in the public version of WRF-Chem that uses a stand-alone vegetation map that differs from what is used by land surface schemes. This improved modeling framework is used to investigate the impact of two land surface schemes, CLM4 and Noah, on BVOCs and examine the sensitivity of BVOCs to vegetation distributions in California. The measurements collected during the Carbonaceous Aerosol and Radiative Effects Study (CARES) and the California Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Experiment (CalNex) conducted in June of 2010 provided an opportunity to evaluate the simulated BVOCs. Sensitivity experiments show that land surface schemes do influence the simulated BVOCs, but the impact is much smaller than that of vegetation distributions. This study indicates that more effort is needed to obtain the most appropriate and accurate land cover data sets for climate and air quality models in terms of simulating BVOCs, oxidant chemistry and, consequently, secondary organic aerosol formation.

Double-bed-type extraction needle packed with activated-carbon-based sorbents for very volatile organic compounds

2014 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
pp. 423-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikuo Ueta ◽  
Emi Liana Samsudin ◽  
Ayako Mizuguchi ◽  
Hayato Takeuchi ◽  
Takumi Shinki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Carbon Based
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