scholarly journals Natural treatment system models for wastewater management: a study from Hyderabad, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 479-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahebrao Sonkamble ◽  
Md. Wajihuddin ◽  
Mahesh Jampani ◽  
S. Sarah ◽  
V. K. Somvanshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Urban Habitat ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Natural Treatment

Abstract Wastewater generated on a global scale has become a significant source of water resources which necessitates appropriate management strategies. However, the complexities associated with wastewater are lack of economically viable treatment systems, especially in low- and middle-income countries. While many types of treatment systems are needed to serve the various local issues, we propose natural treatment systems (NTS) such as natural wetlands that are eco-friendly, cost-effective, and can be jointly driven by public bodies and communities. In order for it to be part of wastewater management, this study explores the NTS potential for removal of pollutants, cost-effectiveness, and reuse options for the 1.20 million m3/day of wastewater generated in Hyderabad, India. The pilot study includes hydro-geophysical characterization of natural wetland to determine pollutant removal efficiency and its effective utilization for treated wastewater in the peri-urban habitat. The results show the removal of organic content (76–78%), nutrients (77–97%), and microbes (99.5–99.9%) from the wetland-treated wastewater and its suitability for agriculture applications. Furthermore, the wetland efficiency integrated with engineered interventions led to the development of NTS models with different application scenarios: (i) constructed wetlands, (ii) minimized community wetlands, and (iii) single outlet system, suitable for urban, peri-urban and rural areas, respectively.

Potential of natural treatment technologies for wastewater management in India

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 500-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Starkl ◽  
P. Amerasinghe ◽  
L. Essl ◽  
M. Jampani ◽  
D. Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Natural Treatment Systems ◽  
Natural Treatment ◽  
High Population Growth ◽  
Scarce Water ◽  
Treatment Technologies

High population growth, increasing urbanization and rapid economic development are exerting pressure on the already scarce water resources in India. Treatment and reuse of wastewater can play an important role in addressing some of the urban water challenges. Conventional treatment plants have many challenges, therefore, natural treatment systems (NTSs) are viewed as a cost-effective alternative, which are more suitable in the Indian context. This study builds on a desktop study of NTSs and presents a rapid sustainability assessment of 12 NTSs, highlighting the potential and viability of NTSs in India. The results show that the NTSs have a high potential for wastewater treatment. However, there are still gaps in knowledge related to aspects that hinder the sustainability of the systems. Risks associated with reuse of treated wastewater in agriculture, operational problems and social acceptance were perceived as frequent challenges. Self-sustaining financing methods and the use of by-products were viewed as added benefits.

scholarly journals Investigating the working efficiency of natural wastewater treatment systems: A step towards sustainable systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramdas Pinninti ◽  
Venkatesh Kasi ◽  
Sankar Rao Landa ◽  
Maheswaran Rathinasamy ◽  
Chandramouli Sangamreddi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Natural Treatment Systems ◽  
Waste Stabilization ◽  
Natural Treatment ◽  
Working Efficiency ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Globally, wastewater is a vital resource and requires appropriate treatment management strategies. Wastewater has become a major source of irrigation in the peri-urban areas of developing nations. With the increasing amount of wastewater generation, there are several complications in using treatment systems in terms of installation, operation and maintenance, and size in developing countries. Recently, natural treatment systems are gaining popularity due to less cost and maintenance and have been preferred in peri-urban settings. In this study, the working efficiency of the natural systems was assessed from case studies from Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh, India. The nutrient (Phosphorous and Nitrogen content) and organic matter removal efficiency of four natural treatment systems (NTS) having different operation maintenance and loading rates were investigated. The study showed that natural treatment systems have good potential for peri-urban wastewater treatment. It was also observed that waste-stabilization based system perform better than those based on duckweed and hyacinth plants. Regularly maintained and operated systems show removal efficiency on the order of 80% for organic and nutrients and performed better than others. The study indicates that decentralized, adequately maintained Waste Stabilization Ponds (WSP) offer a viable, self-sustaining and eco-friendly alternative for wastewater treatment to supply irrigation water in rural areas.

scholarly journals Potential Use of Constructed Wetland Systems for Rural Sanitation and Wastewater Reuse in Agriculture in the Moroccan Context

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
Meryem Hdidou ◽  
Mohamed Chaker Necibi ◽  
Jérôme Labille ◽  
Souad El Hajjaji ◽  
Driss Dhiba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Different Types

Located in a semi-arid to arid region, Morocco is confronting increasing water scarcity challenges. In the circular economy paradigm, the reuse of treated wastewater in agriculture is currently considered a possible solution to mitigate water shortage and pollution problems. In recent years, Morocco has made significative progress in urban wastewater treatment under the National Wastewater Program (PNA). However, rural sanitation has undergone significant delays. Therefore, an alternative technology for wastewater treatment and reuse in rural areas is investigated in this review, considering the region’s economic, social, and regulatory characteristics. Constructed wetlands (CWs) are a simple, sustainable, and cost-effective technology that has yet to be fully explored in Morocco. CWs, indeed, appear to be suitable for the treatment and reuse of wastewater in remote rural areas if they can produce effluent that meets the standards of agricultural irrigation. In this review, 29 studies covering 16 countries and different types of wastewater were collected and studied to assess the treatment efficiency of different types of CWs under different design and operational parameters, as well as their potential application in agricultural reuse. The results demonstrated that the removal efficiency of conventional contamination such as organic matter and suspended solids is generally high. CWs also demonstrated a remarkable capacity to remove heavy metals and emerging contaminants such as pharmaceuticals, care products, etc. The removal of microbial contamination, on the other hand, is challenging, and does not satisfy the standards all the time. However, it can be improved using hybrid constructed wetlands or by adding polishing treatment. In addition, several studies reported that CWs managed to produce effluent that met the requirements of wastewater reuse in agriculture of different countries or organisations including Morocco.

The creation of management systems for funding priorities in wastewater project in rural communities in the Islamic Republic of Iran

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 1181-1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Farrokhi ◽  
M. Hajrasoliha ◽  
G. Meemari ◽  
M. Fahiminia ◽  
M. Talebi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Waterborne Diseases ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Wastewater Disposal ◽  
Integrated Cost

For sustainable development an integrated cost-effective approach focused on the goal of health and environmental protection is necessary. In Iran more than 22 million people live in rural communities. A little more than 92% of the rural population in Iran have access to safe drinking water supply, but only less than 0.2% have sanitary wastewater disposal system. Groundwater is the main resource of water supply in rural communities in Iran and contaminated or untreated groundwater can be the major reason for waterborne diseases outbreak and wastewater discharge is the main cause of groundwater contamination. In new strategy in Iran's wastewater company, the importance of wastewater treatment is equal to water treatment in rural communities and the main goal in this section is providing sanitary wastewater disposal system for 8% of rural areas until 2010 and 30% until 2020. One of the most important limitations for establishment of wastewater disposal system is the limitation of governmental funds. For this reason, a national program was performed for ranking of rural communities with the goal of improving the funding effectiveness in wastewater management in rural communities. Many important criteria were considered for determination of priorities, these criteria include: population, population density, water consumption and wastewater generation, wastes disposal systems at present, environmental and health risks, agricultural and industrial wastewater, social conditions specially public participation, investment simplicity and type of living (seasonal or permanent). For collection of information about rural community, according to the criteria, a questionnaire was designed with 40 quantified questions. Questionnaires completed for all rural areas with more than 400 people population (more than 77% of rural population of the country). Completed questionnaires were analyzed with specific software for ranking of villages according to above mentioned criteria. Right now the classification of villages is available in provinces of the country from environmental and health crisis and funding points of view and we know whereabouts have priority for establishment of wastewater installations.

scholarly journals Capitalizing RFID Technology as Cost-Effective Real-Time Process Monitoring Tool in Wastewater Treatment: Two Case Studies

10.29007/v639 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannus Wilhelmus Wouters ◽  
Jai Sankar Seelam ◽  
Klas Jan Agema
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Circulation Rate ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Day To Day Operations ◽  
And Control

The legislative norms for treated wastewater diffuse in terms of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations are becoming increasingly stringent in the EU region. Compliance with the consent values compelled the water authorities to implement moving bed biofilters (MBFs) for tertiary stage effluent polishing. However, on-site and field surveys reveal that numerous MBF units suffer from non-optimal operational conditions, logistical challenges and irregular monitoring. This makes meeting the N-P criterion quite a challenging and expensive affair. It is therefore important to optimize their day-to-day operations, facilitate access to reliable and real-time status updates, and troubleshoot the failures. In this direction, an "internet-of-things", radio frequency ID (RFID) and cloud based monitoring and control tool, Sand-Cycle, was successfully developed, tested and implemented to monitor MBFs. The current study presents full- scale application of the developed remote control and mote technology at two wastewater treatment works. Sand-Cycle illustrated real-time dashboards indicating performance grading factors viz. in-situ average sand circulation rate, active bed volume and filter homogeneity. This presented clear instructions for detected malfunctions and enabled the operators to optimize the MBF output with limited effort. Further technical and technological advancements of such IoT based setups can actively assist in tackling long-term sustainability and wastewater management issues.

Stable isotope analysis as a tool for elasmobranch conservation research: a primer for non-specialists

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 635 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Shiffman ◽  
A. J. Gallagher ◽  
M. D. Boyle ◽  
C. M. Hammerschlag-Peyer ◽  
N. Hammerschlag
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Stable Isotope Analysis ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Diet Breadth ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Conservation And Management

Many elasmobranch species are undergoing population declines on a global scale; however, implementation of effective conservation and management strategies is hindered, to a large extent, by a lack of sufficient data on diet, life history and behaviour. This work is a primer of how stable isotope analysis can be used as a cost-effective, relatively simple tool for examining resource use patterns (e.g. diet, habitat) and generating relevant data in support of science-based elasmobranch conservation and management. Specifically, isotopes can resolve the feeding niches of elasmobranchs, detect ontogenetic trophic shifts and calculate relative diet breadth of different species. Stable isotope analysis can also be employed to investigate the extent of anthropogenic impacts on diet or to infer the source of toxins affecting elasmobranchs. Additionally, this tool can be used to study migration patterns and habitat usage. Depending on the tissue analysed, this technique can also be non-lethal and minimally invasive. The limitations of stable isotope analysis are discussed, and recommendations for future work are presented.

Satellite remote sensing and the management of protected areas

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-94
Author(s):  
Nathalie Pettorelli
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Satellite Remote Sensing ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cost Effective Method

This chapter explores how satellite-based approaches can be used as a cost-effective method to support monitoring efforts of protected areas, offering a cheap, verifiable way to identify areas of concern at a global scale, and to support managers in their effort to design and apply adaptive management strategies. Because protected areas can differ in terms of management needs and landscape/seascape access, the chapter starts with a quick introduction to categories of protected areas. Where to set new protected areas is one of the key questions faced by decision makers in need of meeting current biodiversity targets, and the second part of this work explores how satellite remote sensing can inform such a choice. Climatic conditions can significantly impact protected areas’ biodiversity, and the third section of this chapter briefly assesses common ways to derive information about local climatic anomalies from satellite data. The last sections of this chapter discuss the use of satellite data to assess effectiveness, and introduce the Digital Observatory of Protected Areas.

Wastewater management strategies for the black sea coast of Turkey

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 169-176
Author(s):  
I. Ozturk ◽  
E. Yuksel ◽  
A. Tanik
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Solid Waste Landfills ◽  
Sea Coast

The Black Sea, surrounded by six riparian countries, is under the threat of severe pollution, giving rise to the need of taking precautions to protect it from further deterioration. In this paper, an effort putting forth a wastewater treatment and management strategy is outlined for the Black Sea coast of Turkey, including both the technical and financial aspects. The present situation of the coast in terms of land-based pollution and infrastructure is stated, followed by an applicable management strategy. The strategy developed for the coastal settlements involves various stagewise treatment schemes based on population distribution and densities along the coastline, and on the availability of land in a specified period of thirty years. Similar strategies are proposed for the control of pollution originating from industries, for those carried by rivers joining the sea, and for leachate of solid waste landfills. The cost estimations of various treatment schemes are also given in terms of population equivalents.

Features of support of agriculture (the case of the Tyumen Region)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-48
Author(s):  
Aleksandra G. Balakhnina ◽  
Gulnara F. Romashkina
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Federal Budget ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
State Support ◽  
Budget Planning ◽  
Social Forms ◽  
Regional Budget ◽  
State Programs

This article systematizes the legal framework, forms, and volumes of support for agriculture from the federal budget of Russia and the regional budget (on the example of the Tyumen Region). The authors have performed a detailed analysis of the directions of such support for 2016-2019. The historical, economic and social features of the relationship between the state and agriculture are shown. State support for agriculture is objectively necessary, and competent budget planning makes it possible to develop. However, the dominance of direct forms of spending support does not stimulate cost-effective and innovative activities, which in the future can bring the industry to a competitive level. There is very little and irregular support for social forms, the development of farming and other forms of private farming in rural areas. The authors conclude that the policy of state support is sufficiently provided by legislative acts, resolutions and state programs. Many programs are updated, and new versions are adopted even before the previous ones expire. Such strong volatility hurts strategic projects and agricultural initiatives. Less expensive forms of activity-mediation and trade turn profitable. Living conditions in the villages significantly stay behind in quality and opportunities, which leads to the human capital leaving rural areas. The authors propose to pay more attention to the development of indirect forms of support, to stimulate economic activity and small businesses.

An evaluation of a shoulder rehabilitation class in a UK hospital following evidence-based modifications

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Emily Kell ◽  
John A. Hammond ◽  
Sophie Andrews ◽  
Christina Germeni ◽  
Helen Hingston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Shoulder Pain ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Rehabilitation Programme ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Satisfaction Survey ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Patient Satisfaction Survey ◽  
Significant Difference

OBJECTIVES: Shoulder pain is a common musculoskeletal disorder, which carries a high cost to healthcare systems. Exercise is a common conservative management strategy for a range of shoulder conditions and can reduce shoulder pain and improve function. Exercise classes that integrate education and self-management strategies have been shown to be cost-effective, offer psycho-social benefits and promote self-efficacy. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of an 8-week educational and exercise-based shoulder rehabilitation programme following the introduction of evidence-based modifications. METHODS: A retrospective evaluation of a shoulder rehabilitation programme at X Trust was conducted, comparing existing anonymised Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) and Patient-Specific Functional Scale (PSFS) scores from two cohorts of class participants from 2017-18 and 2018-19 that were previously collected by the physiotherapy team. Data from the two cohorts were analysed separately, and in comparison, to assess class efficacy. Descriptive data were also analysed from a patient satisfaction survey from the 2018-19 cohort. RESULTS: A total of 47 patients completed the 8-week shoulder rehabilitation programme during the period of data collection (2018-2019). The 2018-19 cohort showed significant improvements in SPADI (p 0.001) and PSFS scores (p 0.001). No significant difference was found between the improvements seen in the 2017-18 cohort and the 2018-19 cohort. 96% of the 31 respondents who completed the patient satisfaction survey felt the class helped to achieve their goals. CONCLUSION: A group-based shoulder rehabilitation class, which included loaded exercises and patient education, led to improvements in pain, disability and function for patients with rotator cuff related shoulder pain (RCRSP) in this outpatient setting, but anticipated additional benefits based on evidence were not observed.

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