Methods of ammonia removal in anaerobic digestion: a review

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 1925-1938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niclas Krakat ◽  
Burak Demirel ◽  
Reshma Anjum ◽  
Donna Dietz
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Stable Process ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Ammonia Content ◽  
Anaerobic Digesters ◽  
High Ammonia ◽  
Novel Methods ◽  
Process Failures

The anaerobic digestion of substrates with high ammonia content has always been a bottleneck in the methanisation process of biomasses. Since microbial communities in anaerobic digesters are sensitive to free ammonia at certain conditions, the digestion of nitrogen-rich substrates such as livestock wastes may result in inhibition/toxicity eventually leading to process failures, unless appropriate engineering precautions are taken. There are many different options reported in literature to remove ammonia from anaerobic digesters to achieve a safe and stable process so that along with high methane yields, a good quality of effluents can also be obtained. Conventional techniques to remove ammonia include physical/chemical methods, immobilization and adaptation of microorganisms, while novel methods include ultrasonication, microwave, hollow fiber membranes and microbial fuel cell applications. This paper discusses conventional and novel methods of ammonia removal from anaerobic digesters using nitrogen-rich substrates, with particular focus on recent literature available about this topic.

scholarly journals Approaches to the mitigation of ammonia inhibition during anaerobic digestion – a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-570
Author(s):  
Eric Mutegoa ◽  
Askwar Hilonga ◽  
Karoli N. Njau
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Chemical Additives ◽  
Ammonia Content ◽  
Anaerobic Digesters ◽  
Ammonia Inhibition ◽  
Ammonium N ◽  
Digestion Technique ◽  
Exchange Adsorption

Abstract The digestion process of organic waste rich in high ammonia content has always been a gridlock during the methanogenesis process. The free ammonia may increase inhibition/toxicity, which in turn affects the microbial community in the digester and eventually leads to process failures. Substantial methods have been proposed and assessed for curtailing ammonia emissions in anaerobic digesters to attain a safe and steady process so that, along with high methane production, high quality effluents can also be recovered. There are several means for lowering the erratic ammonia in organic wastes that are in use currently, such as decrease of pH, which favours the formation of ammonium over ammonia in the equilibrium; for example, the use of chemical additives that attach ammonium-N. Ammonia can also be removed from nitrogen-rich substrates during anaerobic digestion through other methods such as struvite precipitation, membrane distillation, air stripping, ion exchange, and adsorption. A thorough survey of different articles has shown that ion exchange, adsorption and changing of the C/N ratio through the co-digestion technique are the most commonly studied methods for mitigating ammonia inhibition in wastewater during anaerobic digestion. A detailed review of these methods in the context of nitrogen-rich substrates will be discussed in this paper.

scholarly journals Anaerobic Digestion of Slaughterhouse Wastewater: CO2 Capture of Biogas Using Chlorella vulgaris

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Indradewi Oktavitri ◽  
Wahyu Budi Pratiwi ◽  
Indah Purnamasari ◽  
Mufrihatul Hayati ◽  
Mega Rosita Fitrianingtyas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Anaerobic Digester ◽  
Co2 Removal ◽  
Anaerobic Digesters ◽  
Slaughterhouse Wastewater

Biogas quality from anaerobic digester influenced the combustion of biogas. A high percentage of CO2 in biogas indicates the low quality of biogas. Abatement of CO2 using microalgae, such as Chlorella vulgaris could enhance the quality of biogas. The aim of this research was to observe the ability of C. vulgaris on CO2 removal from slaughterhouse wastewater biogas. In this research, two anaerobic digesters were provided with the different condition of biogas collector bag. The first digester was combined with only biogas collector bag, while another digester was combined with C. Vulgaris. Slaughterhouse wastewater volume in each digester was 3.5 L. Observation time was 15 days and the samples were collected for every 5 days. The result showed that anaerobic digester was able to remove 63% of COD. Biogas composition of slaughterhouse wastewater after incubation for 15 days was 52.70% of air, 46.85% of CH4and 0.45% of CO2. C. Vulgaris enhanced CO2 removal from biogas up to 7%. The density of C. vulgaris decreased to 51 cell/mL. The biogas composition was probably influenced by the density of C. vulgaris.

scholarly journals Removal of Ammonia on Catfish Processing Wastewater using Horizontal Sub-Surface Flow Constructed Wetland (HSSFCW)

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Bekti Marlena ◽  
Rustiana Yuliasni ◽  
Sartamtomo Sartamtomo
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Ammonia Content ◽  
Gravel Beds ◽  
High Ammonia ◽  
Organic Carbon Source

The performance of Horizontal Sub-Surface Flow Constructed Wetland (HSSFCW) to remove high ammonia content in catfish processing wastewater was investigated. A rectangular HSSFCW with 6 m long, 3 m wide ,1 m deep and divided into 3 compartments was used. Gravel beds were used as medium. Canna sp, Heliconia sp., and Papirus sp. were planted with plant density 10 plants per m2. The result showed that removal of ammonia was 67-87%, nitrite was 26-96%, nitrate was 35-99%. Ammonia removal relies on the efficient nitrification that requires sufficient amount of oxygenand organic carbon source to obtain optimum removal.

scholarly journals Dry Anaerobic Digestion of Chicken Manure: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 7825
Author(s):  
Yevhenii Shapovalov ◽  
Sergey Zhadan ◽  
Günther Bochmann ◽  
Anatoly Salyuk ◽  
Volodymyr Nykyforov
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Ammonia Content ◽  
Ammonia Inhibition ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Dry Anaerobic Digestion

Providing anaerobic digestion is a prospective technology for utilizing organic waste, however, for waste with a high content of nitrogen such as manure, dilution is necessary to decrease the ammonia inhibition effect which leads to the production of a huge effluent amount which is difficult to use. Dry anaerobic digestion has some advantages such as reduced reactor volume, higher volumetric methane yield, lower energy consumption for heating, less wastewater production, and lower logistic costs for fertilizers. These factors generate interest in using it for treatment of even high-nitrogen substrates. The purpose of this work was to analyze different dry anaerobic digestion technologies, the features of dry anaerobic digestion, laboratory studies on chicken manure dry anaerobic digestion, and methods of reducing inhibitors’ effects. Nowadays, there are no dry anaerobic industrial plants working on chicken manure. However, studies on dry anaerobic digestion of chicken manure have proven the possibility of methane production under fermentation of chicken manure with high total solids content, but the process has been described as being unstable. Co-fermentation, ammonium/ammonia removal, and adaptation of the microbial consortium have been used to decrease the effect of ammonia inhibition. A prospective way for ammonia concentration control is absorption using a non-volatile sorbent located in the reactor. It decreases ammonia content during wet anaerobic digestion by 33% and it is characterized by having a positive economic effect. Therefore, dry anaerobic fermentation of chicken manure is possible, but there is still no efficient way to provide it. The results of this article should be helpful in the selection of anaerobic digestion technology for treating chicken manure.

STUDY OF INACCURACY IN THE OPERATION OF THE MAIN CONTROLLER OF STB MACHINE

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Stable Process ◽  
Random Errors ◽  
Actual Length ◽  
Experimental Data Processing ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Main Regulator ◽  
Transmission Gear ◽  
Selection Of

At production of fabrics, including fabrics for agricultural purpose, an important role is played by the cor-rect adjustment of operation of machine main regulator. The quality of setup of machine main controller is determined by the proper selection of rotation angle of warp beam weaving per one filling thread. In the pro-cess of using the regulator as a result of mistakes in adjustment, wear of transmission gear and backlashes in connections of details there are random changes in threads length. The purpose of the article is the research of property of random errors of basis giving by STB machine regulator. Mistakes can be both negative, and positive. In case of emergence only negative or only positive mistakes operation of the machine becomes im-possible as there will be a consecutive accumulation of mistakes. As a result of experimental data processing for stable process of weaving and the invariable diameter of basis threads winding of threads it is revealed that the random error of giving is set up as linear function of the accidental length having normal distribution. Measurements of accidental deviations in giving of a basis by the main regulator allowed to construct a curve of normal distribution of its actual length for one pass of weft thread. The presented curve of distribution of random errors in giving of a basis is the displaced curve of normal distribution of the accidental sizes. Also we define the density of probability of normal distribution of basis giving errors connected with a margin er-ror operation of the main regulator knowing of which allows to plan ways of their decrease that is important for improvement of quality of the produced fabrics.

scholarly journals Improving the Anaerobic Digestion of Swine Manure through an Optimized Ammonia Treatment: Process Performance, Digestate and Techno-Economic Aspects

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 787
Author(s):  
Anna Lymperatou ◽  
Niels B. Rasmussen ◽  
Hariklia N. Gavala ◽  
Ioannis V. Skiadas
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Aqueous Ammonia ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Ammonia Treatment ◽  
Aqueous Ammonia Soaking ◽  
High Ammonia ◽  
Reduction Efficiency

Swine manure mono-digestion results in relatively low methane productivity due to the low degradation rate of its solid fraction (manure fibers), and due to the high ammonia and water content. The aqueous ammonia soaking (AAS) pretreatment of manure fibers has been proposed for overcoming these limitations. In this study, continuous anaerobic digestion (AD) of manure mixed with optimally AAS-treated manure fibers was compared to the AD of manure mixed with untreated manure fibers. Due to lab-scale pumping restrictions, the ratio of AAS-optimally treated manure fibers to manure was only 1/3 on a total solids (TS) basis. However, the biogas productivity and methane yield were improved by 17% and 38%, respectively, also confirming the predictions from a simplified 1st order hydrolysis model based on batch experiments. Furthermore, an improved reduction efficiency of major organic components was observed for the digester processing AAS-treated manure fibers compared to the non-treated one (e.g., 42% increased reduction for cellulose fraction). A preliminary techno-economic analysis of the proposed process showed that mixing raw manure with AAS manure fibers in large-scale digesters could result in a 72% increase of revenue compared to the AD of manure mixed with untreated fibers and 135% increase compared to that of solely manure.

scholarly journals Anaerobic Digestion and Removal of Sulfamethoxazole, Enrofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin and Their Antibiotic Resistance Genes in a Full-Scale Biogas Plant

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 502
Author(s):  
Andrea Visca ◽  
Anna Barra Caracciolo ◽  
Paola Grenni ◽  
Luisa Patrolecco ◽  
Jasmin Rauseo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
Anaerobic Digesters ◽  
One Year

Anaerobic digestion is one of the best ways to re-use animal manure and agricultural residues, through the production of combustible biogas and digestate. However, the use of antibiotics for preventing and treating animal diseases and, consequently, their residual concentrations in manure, could introduce them into anaerobic digesters. If the digestate is applied as a soil fertilizer, antibiotic residues and/or their corresponding antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) could reach soil ecosystems. This work investigated three common soil emerging contaminants, i.e., sulfamethoxazole (SMX), ciprofloxacin (CIP), enrofloxacin (ENR), their ARGs sul1, sul2, qnrS, qepA, aac-(6′)-Ib-cr and the mobile genetic element intI1, for one year in a full scale anaerobic plant. Six samplings were performed in line with the 45-day hydraulic retention time (HRT) of the anaerobic plant, by collecting input and output samples. The overall results show both antibiotics and ARGs decreased during the anaerobic digestion process. In particular, SMX was degraded by up to 100%, ENR up to 84% and CIP up to 92%, depending on the sampling time. In a similar way, all ARGs declined significantly (up to 80%) in the digestate samples. This work shows how anaerobic digestion can be a promising practice for lowering antibiotic residues and ARGs in soil.

scholarly journals Overcoming ammonia inhibition in anaerobic blackwater treatment with granular activated carbon: the role of electroactive microorganisms

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Patrícya Florentino ◽  
Ahmed Sharaf ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Yang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Hydrogen Exchange ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Anaerobic Digesters ◽  
Ammonia Inhibition ◽  
High Ammonia

Methanogenesis and enrichment of microorganisms capable of interspecies electron and/or hydrogen exchange was investigated with addition of granular activated carbon (GAC) to batch anaerobic digesters treating vacuum collected blackwater with high ammonia concentration.

scholarly journals Mortality of insects and quality of maize grains in hermetic and non-hermetic storage

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 487-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila C. Viebrantz ◽  
Lauri L. Radunz ◽  
Rafael G. Dionello
Keyword(s):  
Storage System ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Modified Atmosphere ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Hermetic Storage ◽  
Insect Mortality ◽  
Polyethylene Bags ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Storage Units

ABSTRACT Due to the need to improve the quality and safety of foods, chemical methods used to control grain pests have been replaced by alternative methods. For example, modified atmosphere within the storage units has been used. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate maize grain quality and mortality of insects of the species Sitophilus zeamais and Tribolium castaneum in hermetic and non-hermetic environments for 50 days of storage. The hermetic units consisted of polyethylene "bags" with capacity for 60 kg. A cage with 20 adults of each species and 200 g of maize was placed inside each unit. The oxygen level was quantified every five days. Evaluations of insect mortality and survival occurred at 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 days of storage. At 0, 30 and 50 days, density, moisture and fungal incidence analyses were conducted. The airtight system is efficient in the control of insects, with satisfactory mortality values for both species. Insects favor the development of fungi during the storage, regardless of the storage system.

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