Evaluation of virus recovery methods and efficiency of tannin-derived coagulants in removing total coliforms, E. coli and enteric viruses in effluents of a domestic sewage treatment plant

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 2195-2202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Bandeira Fabres ◽  
Roger Bordin da Luz ◽  
Mayra Cristina Soliman ◽  
Rodrigo Staggemeier ◽  
Juliane Deise Fleck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Test System ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Coagulation Tests ◽  
Virus Recovery

In the present study, nine coagulants having potential to be used for sewage treatment were compared to assess their efficiency in removing total coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli and adenovirus. The coagulants tested were metallic and organic and their efficiency was compared when treating samples of raw and treated sewage (activated sludge). Before the efficiency tests of the coagulants, viral concentration methods were compared. Coagulation tests were carried out by using the jar-test system and the doses used ranged from 100 ppm to 1,000 ppm. Viral DNA was extracted and subjected to real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) using primers for the gene of AdV hexon. Aluminum sulfate (1,000 ppm) presented the best results for raw sewage among metal coagulants whereas Acquapol® C118 and WW (1,000 ppm) had the most satisfactory results among organic coagulants, both reducing up to 7 logs for coliforms and 4 logs for virus. For the treated effluent, FeCl2 (1,000 ppm) presented best results for metal coagulants, whereas, from organic coagulants, the best removal rates were for Acquapol® 893/11 (1,000 ppm), both reducing up to 3 logs for coliforms and 4 logs for virus.

scholarly journals Study of Physico-chemical and Biological Characteristics of the Water of River Ganga at Patna, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
KUMARI SATYA ◽  
CHANDRAVIR NARAYAN
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Indian Central ◽  
River Ganga ◽  
The City

River Ganga arises on the southern slopes of the Indian central Himalayan region beginning the Gangotri glacier. The river covers catchment area of 8, 61,404 km2 and its total length in the state Bihar stretch is 475 km. This study was carried out at Patna in the river Ganga at two sampling sites, viz., Digha Ghat (upstream) and Gai Ghat (downstream). The objective of the study was to observe the eminence of water of Ganga at Patna. The results that indicate that the river reaches near the city of Patna (upstream at Digha Ghat) are less polluted with pH 7.75, DO 7.42 mg/l, BOD 2.48 mg/l and COD 15.12 mg/l, while when the river leaves city after travelling 18 km (downstream at Gai Ghat), concentration of all pollutants increases significantly (pH 6.28, DO 6.22 mg/l, BOD 2 mg/l and COD 23 mg/l). The concentration of coliform bacteria (total coliform ranges from 5000 to 6000 MPN/100ml and faecal coliform ranges from 2200 MPN/100ml and 3000 MPN/100ml at both the sites) was recorded at higher level than the upper limit of the permissible level. This increment may be due to domestic and sewage discharge from the city. The municipality of Patna has sewage treatment plant capacity of about 109 MLD but whereas the city generates approximately 250 MLD sewage/township discharge. For the maintenance of pristine quality of water of the river Ganga, the sewage need be treated before discharge

scholarly journals Abundance and distribution of microplastics in water and sediment of Baiyangdian Lake, Northern China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanyan Fang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Pollution Abatement ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Baiyangdian Lake ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Transfer Station ◽  
Main Components

Abstract Microplastics (MPs) have been found in all environment matrices and have become an issue of concern worldwide. In this study, Baiyangdian Lake in Northern China was investigated for the presence of MPs (0.45 µm–5 mm) in sediment and at different water depths. MPs were found at 1,000–20,000 pieces/m3 (average 9,595) in water and at 400–2,200 pieces/kg (average 1,023) in sediment. Since the implementation of pollution abatement measures, visible MPs have been nearly eliminated; the MPs found in this study were mainly in the micrometer range, with no more than 3–5 pieces greater than 1 mm per sample. The main forms of MPs were fibrous and fragmented, and the main components were polyamide, polyethylene, and polypropylene. MPs found in water near a garbage transfer station showed the following abundance of MPs: surface water < middle water < bottom water. The sediment contained a higher amount of MP fragments, indicating that the historical transfer and disposal of garbage was a main source of plastic deposition in this area. There was a high content of fibrous MPs in surface water, while the abundance of fragmented MPs increased with the depth of water. The main sources of MPs in the study area were residential activities, local plastic factories, and the treated effluent from a sewage treatment plant.

scholarly journals Bacterial Load Reduction in Guheswori Sewage Treatment Plant, Kathmandu, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bikram Gautam ◽  
Anjita Rajbhanshi ◽  
Rameshwar Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Load Reduction ◽  
Grab Sampling ◽  
Treated Effluent

Background: Water sources such as lakes, ponds, river etc. have been continuously contaminated by the   micro organisms and chemicals. The former can pose a significant threat to human health. This work aims at detecting the bacterial load before and after the sewage treatment and hence isolating pathogens from the sewage before primary treatment and secondary treated effluent. Methods: Grab sampling (50mL sewage before primary treatment and secondary treated effluent) was performed for 20 days in the Guheswori  sewage treatment plant. The reduction in microbial load was determined through heterotrophic plate count. Pathogens were screened from the effluent obtained from the secondary treatment plant. Results: Bacterial load reduction was found to be about 48.02% on average. The observed bacterial load reduction might have been caused by bacteriophage flocculation and sedimentation. Pathogens isolated from the treated effluent were Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhi, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CONS), Citrobacter fruendii, Enterobacter aerogenes, Proteus mirabilis, P. vulgaris, Pseudomonas  aeruginosa. Conclusions: It has been found that the sewage treatment plant helps to reduce the bacterial load which is, however, not capable of effluent polishing where all pathogens are killed. 

scholarly journals Prevalence of the stx2 Gene in Coliform Populations from Aquatic Environments

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 3535-3540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Garc�a-Aljaro ◽  
Maite Muniesa ◽  
Juan Jofre ◽  
Anicet R. Blanch
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
E Coli

ABSTRACT Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains are human pathogens linked to hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome. The major virulence factors of these strains are Shiga toxins Stx1 and Stx2. The majority of the genes coding for these toxins are borne by bacteriophages. Free Stx2-encoding bacteriophages have been found in aquatic environments, but there is limited information about the lysogenic strains and bacteria present in the environment that are susceptible to phage infection. The aim of this work was to study the prevalence and the distribution of the stx 2 gene in coliform bacteria in sewage samples of different origins. The presence of the stx 2 gene was monitored every 2 weeks over a 1-year period in a municipal sewage treatment plant. A mean value of 102 genes/ml was observed without significant variation during the study period. This concentration was of the same order of magnitude in raw municipal sewage of various origins and in animal wastewater from several slaughterhouses. A total of 138 strains carrying the stx 2 gene were isolated by colony hybridization. This procedure detected approximately 1 gene-carrying colony per 1,000 fecal coliform colonies in municipal sewage and around 1 gene-carrying colony per 100 fecal coliform colonies in animal wastewaters. Most of the isolates belonged to E. coli serotypes other than E. coli O157, suggesting a low prevalence of strains of this serotype carrying the stx 2 gene in the wastewater studied.

Performance of UASB based sewage treatment plant in India: polishing by diffusers an alternative

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 680-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Walia ◽  
P. Kumar ◽  
I. Mehrotra
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Detention Ponds ◽  
One Year

In India, recently, upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) based sewage treatment plants (STPs) have come up in a big way. Sequence adopted: screens- grit chambers- UASB reactors followed by one-day detention ponds (DP). Performance of DPs located at five STPs (27–70 ML/d) was evaluated over a period of one year from July 2004 to July 2005. The installation of these non-algal ponds reduced land requirement, but from treatment point of view it at best offered only removal of solids washed out of the UASB reactor. Total coliform count in the effluent from ponds ranging from 106 to 109 MPN/100 mL is more than the maximum permissible limit of 10,000 MPN/100 mL. A need has, therefore, been felt to evaluate the possibility of aerating the effluent from UASBR. During aeration, ORP and DO increase, whereas COD and BOD decrease. In a continuous aeration ~50% reduction in COD and nearly 50% increase in DO saturation (DO/DOs) can be achieved by increasing ORP from −100 to 122 mV. Regression equation established between ORP and COD/CODi & DO/DOs may find wide application.

scholarly journals POTENCIAL DE REÚSO DE EFLUENTES TRATADOS PARA IRRIGAÇÃO PERIURBANA NO MUNICÍPIO DE GUARABIRA/PB

Irriga ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 671-677
Author(s):  
LIBIANE MARINHO BERNARDINO ◽  
PATRÍCIA DA SILVA COSTA ◽  
VERA LÚCIA ANTUNES DE LIMA ◽  
RENER LUCIANO DE SOUZA FERRAZ
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Thermotolerant Coliforms

POTENCIAL DE REÚSO DE EFLUENTES TRATADOS PARA IRRIGAÇÃO PERIURBANA NO MUNICÍPIO DE GUARABIRA/PB     LIBIANE MARINHO BERNARDINO1; PATRÍCIA DA SILVA COSTA2; VERA LÚCIA ANTUNES DE LIMA3 E RENER LUCIANO DE SOUZA FERRAZ4.   1 Mestranda em Gestão e Regulação em Recursos Hídricos, Unidade Acadêmica de Tecnologia do Desenvolvimento, UFCG, Rua Luiz Grande, s/n, Frei Damião, CEP 58540-000, Sumé, PB, Brasil, [email protected] 2 Doutoranda em Engenharia Agrícola, Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola, UFCG, Rua Aprigio Veloso, 882, Universitário, CEP 58429-900, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil, [email protected] 3 Profa. Doutora em Engenharia Agrícola, Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola, UFCG, Rua Aprigio Veloso, 882, Universitário, CEP 58429-900, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil, [email protected] 4 Prof. Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola, Unidade Acadêmica de Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Semiárido, UFCG, Rua Luiz Grande, s/n, Frei Damião, CEP 58540-000, Sumé, PB, Brasil, [email protected]     1 RESUMO   A água é um recurso finito que se encontra escasso, o que justifica a busca por gestão e inovação de práticas que a preserve. O objetivo da pesquisa é avaliar o potencial de reúso dos efluentes tratados para irrigação periurbana. Foram levantados dados de uma Estação de Tratamento de Esgotos (ETE), localizada no município de Guarabira, PB, e operada pela Companhia de Água e Esgotos do Estado da Paraíba (CAGEPA), durante o período de janeiro a dezembro de 2019. Analisou-se os seguintes parâmetros físico-químicos e bacteriológicos: Potencial Hidrogeniônico (pH), Condutividade Elétrica (CE), Demanda Bioquímica de Oxigênio (DBO), Demanda Química de Oxigênio (DQO), Sólidos Totais (ST), Oxigênio Dissolvido (OD), Fósforo Total, e Coliformes Termotolerantes. Os dados foram submetidos à análise descritiva e expresso em valores mínimos, máximos e médios. Os indicadores foram satisfatórios para irrigação restrita, porém com a necessidade de tratamento complementar para determinados cultivos. O potencial de reúso   dos efluentes tratados na ETE pode beneficiar uma área de 118,7 ha considerando uma demanda de irrigação de 18.000 m³ ha-1 ano-1, o que demonstra ser um recurso sustentável e que precisa ser regulamentado no Brasil.   Palavras-chave: recursos hídricos, resíduos líquidos, tratamento de água, fertirrigação.     BERNARDINO, L. M.; COSTA, P. S.; LIMA, V. L. A.; FERRAZ, L. R. S. REUSE POTENTIAL OF TREATED EFFLUENTS FOR PERIURBAN IRRIGATION IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF GUARABIRA/PB     2 ABSTRACT   Water is at the center of sustainable development and a finite resource that is in short supply, which justifies the search for management and innovation of practices that preserve it. This research aims to evaluate the potential for reuse of treated effluent for periurban irrigation. Data were collected from a Sewage Treatment Plant (STP), located in the municipality of Guarabira, PB, and operated by the Water and Sewage Company of the State of Paraíba (CAGEPA), during the period from January to December 2019, with the analysis of the following physicochemical and bacteriological parameters: Hipogenic Potential (pH), Electrical Conductivity (CE), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (DBO), Chemical Oxygen Demand (DQO), Total Solids (ST), Dissolved Oxygen (OD), Total Phosphorus, and Thermotolerant Coliforms. The data were submitted to the descriptive analysis and expressed as minimum, maximum and average values. The indicators were satisfactory for restricted irrigation, but with the need for complementary treatment for certain crops. The potential for reuse of the effluents treated in the ETE can benefit an area of 118.7 ha considering an irrigation demand of 18,000 m³ ha-1 year-1, which demonstrates to be a sustainable resource that needs to be regulated in Brazil.   Keywords: Water resources, liquid waste, water treatment, fertigation.

Size fractionation of COD in urban wastewater from a combined sewer system

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Marani ◽  
V. Renzi ◽  
R. Ramadori ◽  
C.M. Braguglia
Keyword(s):  
Large Fraction ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Size Fractionation ◽  
Urban Wastewater ◽  
Physical Fractionation ◽  
Coagulation Tests

The objective of this work was to determine the partitioning of the pollutant load in urban wastewater in order to improve the conventional sewage treatment. In addition to settling tests, physical fractionation of COD in the degritted influent of Roma-Nord sewage treatment plant was performed via sequential filtration through sieves and membrane filters of the following pore size: 150-100-50-25-1-0.2 μm, and 100 kD (about 0.02 μm). Biodegradability studies were also performed on the different size fractions. Size fractionation showed that COD in Roma-Nord sewage is predominantly associated with settleable and supracolloidal (&gt; 1 μm) particles, each size range including about 40% of total COD. Biodegradability tests indicated that the large fraction of COD associated with supracolloidal particles, which are not removed in the primary treatment, is characterised by slow degradability. This suggests that removal of these particles prior to biological treatment may greatly improve the overall treatment scheme. Preliminary pilot plant coagulation tests with lime at pH 9 showed that lime-enhanced primary treatment may increase COD removal efficiencies from typical 30-35% up to 65-70%, by inducing almost complete removal of the COD fraction associated with supracolloidal particles.

scholarly journals ROLE OF PHYCOREMEDIATION IN DOMESTIC WASTEWATER TREATMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
Nandini Moondra ◽  
Namrata D Jariwala ◽  
Robin A Christian
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Secondary Treatment ◽  
Organics Removal ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Domestic Wastewater Treatment

Conventional domestic wastewater treatment in most developing countries is confined to secondary treatments, mainly focusing on solids and organics removal, which results in eutrophication when the effluents are discharged into receiving bodies. Thus, to resolve the issues associated with the conventional treatment system, in the present study, microalgae was introduced in the primary treated effluent collected from a sewage treatment plant to study the efficiency of the system in reducing eutrophication and other challenges of secondary treatment. Phycoremediation is an effective and eco-friendly treatment alternative that reduced the primary-treated effluent’s PO4-P, NH3-N and COD concentration to 97.89%, 98.81%, and 88.24%, respectively at the identical HRT practiced for secondary treatment. One-way ANOVA was also conducted to determine the effectiveness of the system statistically. The experimental and statistical analysis proved that microalgal treatment could resolve the challenges of conventional secondary treatments if adopted for domestic wastewater.

scholarly journals Sewage Water Treatment Plant for Hingna

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VI) ◽  
pp. 796-798
Author(s):  
Vinay Khewale
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Sewage Water ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Sewage Water Treatment

A sewage water treatment plant is necessary to receive and treat waste water (Domestic, Commercial, and Industrial). Its objective is to be convert harmful waste water to safe water environmentally and treated effluent and treated sludge suitable for reuse and disposal such as farm fertilizer. The characteristics of waste water have been performed followed by design of sewage treatment plant. The present study includes design of sewage treatment plant and analysis of waste water – PH value, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Solids (TS), Hardness, Chloride, Acidity, Oil, Fats and grease etc. The sample collection of waste water has been done in many times in a day to obtain an average value of major parameter. Followed by values of this parameter, calculations are done for designing the units of sewage treatment plant and layout is prepared for the same

scholarly journals An epidemiological study of enteric viruses in sewage with molecular characterization by RT-PCR and sequence analysis

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Arraj ◽  
J. Bohatier ◽  
C. Aumeran ◽  
J. L. Bailly ◽  
H. Laveran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Treated Effluent

The aim of this study was to assess the presence and seasonal frequency of various enteric viruses in wastewater treatment. The detection of astrovirus, norovirus, enterovirus, hepatitis A virus (HAV) and rotavirus was carried out by molecular analyses in concentrated water samples collected over 18 months at the entrance and exit of an activated sludge sewage treatment plant. The reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results were confirmed by sequencing, and comparative phylogenetic analysis was performed on the isolated strains. Genomes of human astrovirus and human rotavirus were identified in 26/29 and 11/29 samples of raw sewage, respectively, and in 12/29 and 13/29 treated effluent samples, respectively. Some rotavirus sequences detected in environmental samples were very close to those of clinical strains. Noroviruses, enteroviruses and HAV were not detected during the study period. This could be related to the small sample volume, to the sensitivity of the detection methods or to local epidemiological situations. Frequent detection of viral RNA, whether infectious or not, in the exit effluent of sewage treatment indicates wide dispersion of enteric viruses in the environment. Consequently, viral contamination resulting from the use of these treated waters is a risk that needs to be addressed.

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