scholarly journals Enhanced treatment of secondary municipal wastewater effluent: comparing (biological) filtration and ozonation in view of micropollutant removal, unselective effluent toxicity, and the potential for real-time control

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 236-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Chys ◽  
Kristof Demeestere ◽  
Ange Sabine Ingabire ◽  
Jan Dries ◽  
Herman Van Langenhove ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Effluent ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Biological Filtration ◽  
Biological Activated Carbon ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Correlation Models

Ozonation and three (biological) filtration techniques (trickling filtration (TF), slow sand filtration (SSF) and biological activated carbon (BAC) filtration) have been evaluated in different combinations as tertiary treatment for municipal wastewater effluent. The removal of 18 multi-class pharmaceuticals, as model trace organic contaminants (TrOCs), has been studied. (Biological) activated carbon filtration could reduce the amount of TrOCs significantly (>99%) but is cost-intensive for full-scale applications. Filtration techniques mainly depending on biodegradation mechanisms (TF and SSF) are found to be inefficient for TrOCs removal as a stand alone technique. Ozonation resulted in 90% removal of the total amount of quantified TrOCs, but a post-ozonation step is needed to cope with an increased unselective toxicity. SSF following ozonation showed to be the only technique able to reduce the unselective toxicity to the same level as before ozonation. In view of process control, innovative correlation models developed for the monitoring and control of TrOC removal during ozonation, are verified for their applicability during ozonation in combination with TF, SSF or BAC. Particularly for the poorly ozone reactive TrOCs, statistically significant models were obtained that correlate TrOC removal and reduction in UVA254 as an online measured surrogate parameter.

Surrogate-Based Correlation Models in View of Real-Time Control of Ozonation of Secondary Treated Municipal Wastewater—Model Development and Dynamic Validation

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (24) ◽  
pp. 14233-14243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Chys ◽  
Wim T. M. Audenaert ◽  
Emma Deniere ◽  
Séverine Thérèse F. C. Mortier ◽  
Herman Van Langenhove ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Correlation Models ◽  
Treated Municipal Wastewater

Municipal Wastewater Systems, Integrated Approach to Design, Monitoring and Control

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 419-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Harremoës ◽  
T. Hvitved-Jacobsen ◽  
A. Lynggaard-Jensen ◽  
B. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Oxygen Depletion ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Wastewater Systems

A city and several companies joined in a large scale project with the aim to introduce real time control of the sewer system and the wastewater treatment plant. The basic goals were established from the receiving water studies, and essentially represent constraints on the total nutrient discharge causing eutrophication of a fjord and limits on oxygen depletion by combined sewer overflows in the small upstream rivers. The paper describes the basic principles and approaches for the real time control in urban wastewater systems.

A Key Management Scheme for Secure Communications Based on Smart Grid Requirements (KMS-CL-SG)

2016 ◽  
pp. 242-265
Author(s):  
Bashar Alohali ◽  
Kashif Kifayat ◽  
Qi Shi ◽  
William Hurst
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Key Management ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Management Scheme ◽  
Communication Layer ◽  
Key Management Scheme

Over the last decade, Internet of Things (IoTs) have brought radical changes to the means and forms of communication for monitoring and control of a large number of applications including Smart Grid (SG). Traditional energy networks have been modernized to SGs to boost the energy industry in the context of efficient and effective power management, performance, real-time control and information flow using two-way communication between utility provides and end-users. However, integrating two-way communication in SG comes at the cost of cyber security vulnerabilities and challenges. In the context of SG, node compromise is a severe security threat due to the fact that a compromised node can significantly impact the operations and security of the SG network. Therefore, in this chapter, Key Management Scheme for Communication Layer in the Smart Grid (KMS-CL-SG) has proposed. In order to achieve a secure end-to-end communication we assign a unique key to each node in the group.

A Key Management Scheme for Secure Communications Based on Smart Grid Requirements (KMS-CL-SG)

2020 ◽  
pp. 319-343
Author(s):  
Bashar Alohali ◽  
Kashif Kifayat ◽  
Qi Shi ◽  
William Hurst
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Key Management ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Management Scheme ◽  
Communication Layer ◽  
Key Management Scheme

Over the last decade, Internet of Things (IoTs) have brought radical changes to the means and forms of communication for monitoring and control of a large number of applications including Smart Grid (SG). Traditional energy networks have been modernized to SGs to boost the energy industry in the context of efficient and effective power management, performance, real-time control and information flow using two-way communication between utility provides and end-users. However, integrating two-way communication in SG comes at the cost of cyber security vulnerabilities and challenges. In the context of SG, node compromise is a severe security threat due to the fact that a compromised node can significantly impact the operations and security of the SG network. Therefore, in this chapter, Key Management Scheme for Communication Layer in the Smart Grid (KMS-CL-SG) has proposed. In order to achieve a secure end-to-end communication we assign a unique key to each node in the group.

Simultaneous ozone and granular activated carbon for advanced treatment of micropollutants in municipal wastewater effluent

Chemosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 234 ◽  
pp. 845-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hooman Vatankhah ◽  
Stephanie M. Riley ◽  
Conner Murray ◽  
Oscar Quiñones ◽  
K. Xerxes Steirer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Wastewater Effluent ◽  
Advanced Treatment

Importance of the order in enhancing EfOM removal by combination of BAC and MIEX®

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 2325-2332 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Aryal ◽  
A. Sathasivan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Ion Exchange Resin ◽  
Wastewater Effluent ◽  
Biological Activated Carbon ◽  
Magnetic Ion

Biological activated carbon (BAC) is operationally a simple treatment which can be employed to remove effluent organic matter (EfOM) from secondary wastewater effluent (SWWE). Unfortunately, BAC removes only a limited amount of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Thus, maximizing DOC removal from SWWE using BAC is a major concern in wastewater reuse. This study has investigated a hybrid system of BAC and Magnetic Ion Exchange Resin (MIEX®) for the enhanced removal of DOC. Performance of both BAC prior to MIEX® (BAC/MIEX®) and reverse (MIEX®/BAC) combination was evaluated in terms of DOC removal. The BAC/MIEX® showed much better DOC removal. This is because microbial activity in the BAC bed converted MIEX® non-amenable DOC to MIEX® amenable DOC. As a result, BAC/MIEX® combination synergised DOC removal. In addition, BAC was also found to be highly effective in reducing MIEX® dose for a given DOC removal from SWWE.

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