Semicentralized greywater and blackwater treatment for fast growing cities: how uncertain influent characteristics might affect the treatment processes

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. 1722-1731 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Tolksdorf ◽  
P. Cornel
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Flexible Design ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Reference Plant ◽  
Design Values ◽  
Pr China

The SEMIZENTRAL infrastructure approach has been developed for fast growing cities, to meet their challenges regarding water supply as well as biowaste and wastewater (WW) treatment. The world's first full-scale SEMIZENTRAL Resource Recovery reference plant has been implemented in Qingdao (PR China). Greywater (GW) and blackwater (BW) are collected and treated separately. Measurement of influent concentrations revealed significant differences, compared with the design values. Values from the literature for GW and BW characteristics vary more markedly than for municipal WW; recommended design values are still lacking. Moreover, cross-connections between GW and BW can influence the influent characteristics considerably. Consequences for the design of GW and BW treatment are evaluated for boundary conditions, which require high effluent quality for both treatment modules. Model calculations illustrate the significant influence of uncertain WW characteristics on the required aeration basin volume and oxygen demand for GW and BW treatment; however, uncertainties are considerably reduced for the combination of these modules. Thus, a flexible design of the treatment plant is required. A possible concept for such a design is presented.

scholarly journals Resource-efficient infrastructure for fast growing cities – realization of a Resource Recovery Center

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Tolksdorf ◽  
P. Cornel ◽  
M. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Source Separation ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Resource Recovery ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Design Values

Abstract The SEMIZENTRAL approach is an infrastructure solution for the challenges of high growth dynamics and resource scarcity in fast growing urban areas. The integration of water, wastewater, waste, and energy in one system increases resource efficiency. District-wise realization enables the infrastructure system to grow at the same rate as the city. The concept has been realized for the first time on a scale of 12,000 population equivalent in Qingdao, China. Greywater and blackwater are collected separately; treated greywater is reused for toilet flushing. Reclaimed blackwater is used for irrigation. The analyses of the wastewater composition reveal significant differences in comparison to design values as well as to literature values for greywater and blackwater. Unexpected user behaviour, as well as cross-connections, are likely reasons. The greywater and blackwater treatment processes in the Resource Recovery Center were adapted to the influent's characteristics, so that legal effluent limits are fulfilled, despite changes in influent quality. Small systems often show higher influent variability. Design data for systems with source separation are still lacking. Measurement campaigns in areas similar to the planning area are recommendable, but might not always be possible. In addition, there is a risk of cross-connections between blackwater and greywater, though this can be reduced. For these reasons, there is (possibly high) uncertainty regarding design values for greywater and blackwater. Correspondingly, the treatment processes need to be designed flexibly. For future implementation, technical risks deriving from source separation have to be weighed against the expected higher acceptance of reuse of treated greywater in households. Intra-urban reuse of total wastewater, in combination with extensive public relations programs, might be an alternative.

scholarly journals Short investigation on occurrence and removal of semivolatiles during wastewater treatment processes

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-140
Author(s):  
Maria Diana Puiu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Physical Treatment ◽  
Dissolved Air Flotation ◽  
Treatment Processes

The food industry wastewater is known to present a high organic matter content, due to specific raw materials and processing activities. Even if these compounds are not directly toxic to the environment, high concentrations in effluents could represent a source of pollution as discharges of high biological oxygen demand may impact receiving river's ecosystems. Identifying the main organic contaminants in wastewater samples represents the first step in establishing the optimum treatment method. The sample analysis for the non-target compounds through the GC-MS technique highlights, along with other analytical parameters, the efficiency of the main physical and biological treatment steps of the middle-size Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP). Long-chain fatty acids and their esters were the main abundant classes of non-target identified compounds. The highest intensity detection signal was reached by n-hexadecanoic acid or palmitic acid, a component of palm oil, after the physical treatment processes with dissolved air flotation, and by 1-octadecanol after biological treatment.

From the lab to full-scale SBR operation: treating high strength and variable industrial wastewaters

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Flapper ◽  
N. J. Ashbolt ◽  
A. T. Lee ◽  
M. O'Neill
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plant ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Design Criteria ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Industrial Wastewaters ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Complete Treatment ◽  
Commercial Opportunity

This paper describes the path taken from client objectives through laboratory studies and detailed design to full-scale SBR operation and current research. Conventional municipal design principles have often been used to develop treatment processes for industrial wastewaters. The use of scientific trials to test design criteria offers the client a “tailor made” design fit for their particular wastewater character. In this project, a waste management company wished to upgrade their physical-chemical treatment plant to incorporate a biological reactor for treating a range of industrial wastewaters. Laboratory-scale trials were undertaken to determine appropriate design criteria for a full-scale biological process. These laboratory studies indicated that conventional design criteria were not appropriate and that a SBR configuration was optimal compared with an IDAR configuration. It was also found that a novel fungal:bacterial mixed liquor consortium developed, resulting in good effluent quality and settling properties. The treatment plant was able to be constructed and operational within a tight timeframe and budget, allowing the client to take advantage of a commercial opportunity. The plant has been operating since 1997 and meets its discharge conditions. By combining scientific studies with engineering principles, the end-user obtained a complete treatment plant to meet their specific needs. A further benefit of the laboratory trials is current research into the development of a fungal:bacterial SBR to treat industrial wastewaters. This offers ongoing knowledge to the operational full-scale SBR.

scholarly journals Diseño De Una Planta De Tratamiento De Aguas Residuales Para Su Reutilización En Riego En Áreas Verdes

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Mayra Elizabeth Cáceres Mena ◽  
Carla Sofía Arguello Guadalupe ◽  
Marco Vinicio Pino Vallejo ◽  
Galo Briam Montenegro Córdova ◽  
Catalina Margarita Verdugo Bernal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
National University ◽  
Bodies Of Water ◽  
Real Scale

Over the last few years uncontrolled wastewater discharges have been generated in bodies of water which pose a high risk to the environment and human health. The present study is based on a laboratory prototype under controlled conditions with the aim: To return water quality indexes to safe conditions within the “Edison Riera” Campus at National University of Chimborazo for its reuse in the green areas irrigation, through unit processes based on the percentages reduction results of polluting organic matter and applying treatment processes by activated sludge. During the investigation the following results were obtained: Efficiency and reduction of biological and chemical oxygen demand by 93.75%, and 85.02%, coliforms color and turbidity decrease in 87.51%, 93.84% and 90.29% simultaneously, the same ones that have allowed designing a waste water treatment plant for irrigations in green areas in real scale.

scholarly journals Odour nuisance assessment of the food industry wastewater treatment plant

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 00024
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Grzelka ◽  
Elżbieta Romanik ◽  
Urszula Miller
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Detection Threshold ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Local Residents

Odour nuisance generated by food industry objects is a significant problem, the result of which is often numerous complaints from local residents about the quality of air. Apart from the production process, this problem often concerns industrial wastewater treatment processes, which contribute to a large extent to the emissions of odorants from the sulphur group, including hydrogen sulphide and mercaptans. In order to estimate the odorous air quality around these types of objects, the modelling of dispersion of pollutants: odours or odorants is often used. The paper presents the results of tests on odour emission as well as hydrogen sulphide and mercaptans emission as compounds typical for waste gases from the sewage treatment process from the food industry. In order to estimate the range of odour impact, model calculations using the Polish reference model for the aforementioned substances were made. The values of annual average concentrations and frequency of odour detection thresholds for odorants and odour concentration of 1 ouE/m3 for odours as a mixture in a computational grid of 1400 m x 1400 m with a step of 50 m were calculated. The results showed the highest range of odour impact of mercaptans, whose value of the average annual concentration exceeded the odour detection threshold up to 700 m in the east and west direction from the emission source.

scholarly journals Systematic Modeling of Municipal Wastewater Activated Sludge Process and Treatment Plant Capacity Analysis Using GPS-X

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 8182
Author(s):  
Nuhu Dalhat Mu’azu ◽  
Omar Alagha ◽  
Ismail Anil
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Capacity Analysis ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Effluent Quality

Mathematical modeling has become an indispensable tool for sustainable wastewater management, especially for the simulation of complex biochemical processes involved in the activated sludge process (ASP), which requires a substantial amount of data related to wastewater and sludge characteristics as well as process kinetics and stoichiometry. In this study, a systematic approach for calibration of the activated sludge model one (ASM1) model for a real municipal wastewater ASP was undertaken in GPS-X. The developed model was successfully validated while meeting the assumption of the model’s constant stoichiometry and kinetic coefficients for any plant influent compositions. The influences of vital ASP parameters on the treatment plant performance and capacity analysis for meeting local discharge limits were also investigated. Lower influent chemical oxygen demand in mgO2/L (COD) could inhibit effective nitrification and denitrification, while beyond 250 mgO2/L, there is a tendency for effluent quality to breach the regulatory limit. The plant performance can be satisfactory for handling even higher influent volumes up to 60,000 m3/d and organic loading when Total Suspended Solids/Volatile Suspended Solids (VSS/TSS) and particulate COD (XCOD)/VSS are maintained above 0.7 and 1, respectively. The wasted activated sludge (WAS) has more impact on the effluent quality compared to recycle activated sludge (RAS) with significant performance improvement when the WAS was increased from 3000 to 9000 m3/d. Hydraulic retention time (HRT) > 6 h and solids retention time (SRT) < 7 days resulted in better plant performance with the SRT having greater impact compared with HRT. The plant performance could be sustained for a quite appreciable range of COD/5-day Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5 in mgO2/L) ratio, Mixed Liquor Suspended Solid (MLSS) of up to 6000 mg/L, and when BOD5/total nitrogen (TN) and COD/TN are comparatively at higher values. This work demonstrated a systematic approach for estimation of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) ASP parameters and the high modeling capabilities of ASM1 in GPS-X when respirometry tests data are lacking.

The Development of a Neuro-Fuzzy Expert System for Wastewater Treatment Processes Monitoring

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madalina Carbureanu ◽  
Alina Simona Baiesu
Keyword(s):  
Expert System ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Ph Control ◽  
Graphical Interface ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Coagulation And Flocculation ◽  
Neuro Fuzzy ◽  
Hardware Component

This paper presents the extension of the hardware-software experimental system SENFpHCTRL initially developed for wastewater pH control, for monitoring other parameters (total suspended solids, extractable, biochemical and chemical oxygen demand, phenols and chlorides) from other chemical processes of a treatment plant, such as: precipitation, coagulation and flocculation, oxidation and reduction (processes briefly presented at the begining of the paper). The process of expanding the SENFpHCTRL system involved the adding to the initial expert system of a set of heuristic knowledge for other parameters and the development of the system graphical interface. It is also presented the adapted form of the system hardware component at PC and microcontroller level and the results of the simulations made with the extended system.

Comparative studies on the differently operated trains of the North-Budapest Wastewater Treatment Plant

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 1801-1808 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Jobbágy ◽  
Gy. Palkó ◽  
T. Weinpel ◽  
M. Makó
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
The North ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Design Values ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Aeration Process

In order to reduce the pollution load of the Danube, the North-Budapest Wastewater Treatment Plant has been upgraded to enhanced nitrogen removal by establishing a new activated sludge treatment line and modifying the existing unit for nitrification and denitrification. As both the influent flow rate and the influent chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD5) and total suspended solids (TSS) concentration levels remained far below the design values, setting one fourth of the reactor volume out of operation in the Old Line, and operating the nitrification reactor of the New Line with part-time aeration proved to be possible. Analytical data as well as simulation studies supported the advantage of the intermittent-aeration process in efficient N-removal. However, the lengths of the aerated periods have to be increased with decreasing temperature, and thereby effluent total nitrogen (TN) concentration can increase due to decreasing denitrification efficiency. Potential occurrence of low-dissolved oxygen (DO) bulking should be hindered through applying an efficient anoxic selector system.

scholarly journals Performance of UASB Post Treatment Technologies for Sewage Treatment in Surat City

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 1352-1359
Author(s):  
Nimeshchandra Vasanji Vashi ◽  
Navinchandra Champaklal Shah ◽  
Kishor Ratilal Desai
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Treated Sewage

Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) process is a popular process for treatment of sewage in India due to its low power requirement. However, UASB system has many limitations in terms of removal of carbon, nutrients and pathogens. This requires post treatment after UASB to meet the treated water quality standards. Current treatment processes adopted for the post-treatment of anaerobically treated sewage, especially the full-scale UASB reactors in Surat, India are presented. Two full scale treatment plants with different UASB post treatment processes viz., Extended Aeration and Moving Bed Biological Reactor (MBBR) are selected for studies. A pilot study was carried out in a full scale Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) to study the performance of Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR) for treatment of UASB treated sewage and the results are reported for period of Three months. Inlet and outlet parameters such as Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), etc. for post UASB biological process are presented. The performance of the SBR process was observed to be better among all the processes studied.

scholarly journals Efficiency of Microalgae Scenedesmus in the Removal of Nitrogen from Municipal Wastewaters

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Amini Fard ◽  
◽  
Reza Jalilzadeh Yengejeh ◽  
Mansoureh Ghaeni ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Algae Biomass ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Wastewaters Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewaters

Background: Due to the high content of nitrogen in the municipal wastewaters, this study evaluated the efficiency of Scenedesmus as an important microalgae in the removal of nitrate from wastewaters and its application as an appropriate culture medium. As algae have high resistance to temperature and pH changes, they can absorb low concentrations of nutrients and need simple low-cost technology. Through photosynthesis, microalgae effectively stabilize carbon dioxide at a low cost, and the oxygen produced by the photosynthesis process can reduce the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of wastewaters. Methods: In this research, the chemical oxygen demand (COD), BOD, pH, total nitrogen (TN), and microalgae density were measured in the samples within 14 days after sampling from the inlet and outlet of municipal wastewaters treatment plant. Results: The results showed that nitrogen removal rate from the wastewaters at the laboratory conditions was 93% in the inlet and 85% in the outlet, which are higher in efficiency than those provided by other treatment processes. Conclusion: The microalgae can be used for the removal of nitrate and the production of algae biomass in municipal wastewaters processes before entering the natural environment.

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