scholarly journals Investigating the impacts of extraneous water on wastewater treatment plants

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 847-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rödel ◽  
F. W. Günthert ◽  
T. Brüggemann
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Practical Investigations ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Sewer Pipes ◽  
Purification Efficiency ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Local Water

To demonstrate the effects of increased extraneous water on operation, purification, and energy efficiency, two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been investigated in detail under the research project ‘Sealing of sewer pipes – Effects on the purification performance of WWTPs and their impact on the local water balance’. Both treatment plants, after evaluating and analyzing the measurement data and information about them, were compared in the light of existing literature and other practical investigations. Furthermore, the results were assessed with respect to transferability to other treatment plants. In WWTP 1, extraneous water reduction led to lower energy consumption of certain plant components such as the pumping station and aeration. An increased percentage of extraneous water had an impact on the wastewater characteristics (e.g. organic load) in WWTP 2. A decrease in extraneous water increases the concentration of biodegradable matters; however, an increase in extraneous water increases the loads in the effluent. The results are in accordance with the theoretical approaches described in the literature and confirm the correlations between extraneous water and purification efficiency and energy consumption of WWTPs.

scholarly journals Energy Benchmarking and Optimization of Wastewater Treatment Plants in Greece

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Popi Christoforidou ◽  
George Bariamis ◽  
Maria Iosifidou ◽  
Eri Nikolaidou ◽  
Petros Samaras
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Technical Data ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Crucial Component

Wastewater treatment, as a crucial component of the urban water environment, consists of several energy-consumptive stages, therefore efficiency and energy savings measures are essential to maintain them as environmentally sustainable and economically viable. Operational and technical data from WWTPs in Greece have been collected as well as a sample from 61 facilities with key energy profile components. Energy consumption was assessed by specific key performance indicators (KPIs); specific energy consumption expressed per population equivalent (from 3 to 150 kWh/PE), per cubic meter treated (from 0.2 to 2.0 kWh/m3) and per unit of organic load removed (from 0.03 to 7.13 kWh/CODremoved).

Fully Biological Wastewater Treatment without Energy Consumption

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 331-334
Author(s):  
L. Csépai
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Longitudinal Section ◽  
Biological Wastewater Treatment ◽  
External Energy ◽  
Trickling Filters ◽  
Purification Efficiency ◽  
Maintenance Requirements

By two Sewage Treatment Plants it is demonstrated that a fully biological wastewater treatment without external energy supply is possible provided there is a sufficient natural gradient to guarantee a free flow through the entire plant. Both plants have now been in operation for more than 2 years. Test results show a very good purification efficiency. Elimination of BOD5 is over 93%, of COD 84%, of TOC 86%, of NH4 66 % and that of nitrogen totals 29%. The results of the two-year operation of both plants prove that also smaller units allow for meeting all requirements to obtain a good purification efficiency. Especially pre-settling and final clarifying ponds with interposed trickling filters represent a very simple but economic addition to the ample variety of modern wastewater techniques. It has also been demonstrated that, when planning wastewater treatment plants, every effort should be made to adjust the hydraulic longitudinal section to the existing area conditions, even at the risk of increased building costs. As far as economic considerations are concerned, a unit operating without energy consumption certainly proves advantageous. At the same time it offers a running guarantee, which is equally important, especially in case of smaller units. Particularly if local communities experience prolonged economic difficulties such considerations gain increasing priority. In addition to all these advantages the plants show a high buffering efficiency, minimum maintenance requirements and very low running costs.

scholarly journals Forecasting Energy Consumption of Wastewater Treatment Plants with a Transfer Learning Approach for Sustainable Cities

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1149
Author(s):  
Pedro Oliveira ◽  
Bruno Fernandes ◽  
Cesar Analide ◽  
Paulo Novais
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Transfer Learning ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Sustainable Cities ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Long Short Term Memory ◽  
Gated Recurrent Units

A major challenge of today’s society is to make large urban centres more sustainable. Improving the energy efficiency of the various infrastructures that make up cities is one aspect being considered when improving their sustainability, with Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) being one of them. Consequently, this study aims to conceive, tune, and evaluate a set of candidate deep learning models with the goal being to forecast the energy consumption of a WWTP, following a recursive multi-step approach. Three distinct types of models were experimented, in particular, Long Short-Term Memory networks (LSTMs), Gated Recurrent Units (GRUs), and uni-dimensional Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). Uni- and multi-variate settings were evaluated, as well as different methods for handling outliers. Promising forecasting results were obtained by CNN-based models, being this difference statistically significant when compared to LSTMs and GRUs, with the best model presenting an approximate overall error of 630 kWh when on a multi-variate setting. Finally, to overcome the problem of data scarcity in WWTPs, transfer learning processes were implemented, with promising results being achieved when using a pre-trained uni-variate CNN model, with the overall error reducing to 325 kWh.

Controlling the Settling of Activated Sludge in Pulp and Paper Wastewater Treatment Plants

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 223-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Clauss ◽  
Christel Balavoine ◽  
Delphine Hélaine ◽  
Gaëtan Martin
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Forest Industry ◽  
Filamentous Bulking ◽  
Mineral Particles ◽  
Mineral Powder

Forest industry wastewaters are difficult to clean: hydraulic and organic load variations, filamentous bulking or pin-point flocs negatively impact depollution processes. The addition of a fine, mineral, talc-based powder, Aquatal, into the aeration tanks of wastewater treatment plants connected to pulp and paper factories has been successfully tested since end of '97. The first case-study presents full results obtained over a period of 18 months in a 20,000 p.e. plant connected to a paper factory. The mineral powder was regularly added to control sludge volume index, thereby ensuring low suspended solids concentration in the outfluent. Plant operators could easily adapt biomass concentration to match organic load variation, thereby maintaining pollution micro-organisms ratio constant. In a second case study, a trouble-shooting strategy was implemented to counteract filamentous bulking. A one-off, large dosage enabled the plant operator to deal effectively with poor settleability sludge and rapidly control sludge blanket expansion. In both cases, the main common characteristics observed were an increase in floc aggregation and the production of heavier and well-structured flocs. The sludge settling velocity increased and an efficient solid/liquid separation was obtained. After a few days, the mineral particles of Aquatal were progressively integrated into the sludge floc structure. When the mineral powder was added to the activated sludge in the aeration basin, chemical interactions frequently encountered with other wastewater treatment additives did not pose a problem. Moreover, with this mineral additive, the biological excess sludge displayed good thickening properties and dewatering was improved. Despite the addition of the insoluble mineral particles, the amount of wet sludge expelled did not increase. Aquatal offers a rapid solution to floc settleability problems which so frequently arise when physical or biological disorders appear in forest industry wastewater treatment plants.

scholarly journals The control of small and medium sized public wastewater treatment plants in the Veneto region (North Italy): general situation, critical issues and case studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 761-779
Author(s):  
M. Ostoich ◽  
F. Serena ◽  
A. Pozzobon ◽  
L. Tomiato
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
River Basin Management ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
General Situation ◽  
Veneto Region ◽  
Critical Issues

Abstract Water bodies' quality objectives are defined in accordance with the Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive 91/271/EEC and the Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC. For regulation and control of small-sized waste-water treatment plants (WWTPs), responsibility is delegated in Italy to Regional Authorities that fix specific regulations (Water Protection Plan WPP included in the River Basin Management Plan RBMP) in collaboration with the District Authorities. Small (<2,000 population equivalent – PE) and medium sized (2,000–10,000 PE) WWTPs in the Veneto Region (North Italy) represent about 10% of the total organic load (Imhoff systems included). This also comprises some industrial discharges. Due to the urban sprawl, plants are spread over the regional territory. In the Veneto Region, data from the official census reveals there are n. 248 plants under 2,000 PE and 135 plants in 2,000–10,000 range while the total number of authorized plants is 488 for a total potentiality of 9,141,572 PE. Data from institutional controls performed by the Veneto Regional Environmental Agency (ARPAV) on WWTPs has been recovered for all the WWTPs with up to 10,000 PE in the provinces of Venice, Treviso and Vicenza (for a total of 306,118 PE and for a total of 164 plants) in the period 2008–2015 and elaborated to assess critical parameters and plants. The general situation, critical issues and case studies have been presented and discussed. Organic load, nutrients and Escherichia coli are the most critical parameters considering the regional WPP.

scholarly journals Methodology for Energy Optimization in Wastewater Treatment Plants. Phase II: Reduction of Air Requirements and Redesign of the Biological Aeration Installation

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1143
Author(s):  
Ana Belén Lozano Avilés ◽  
Francisco Del Cerro Velázquez ◽  
Mercedes Llorens Pascual Del Riquelme
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Energy Optimization ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pressure Losses ◽  
San Pedro ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Optimization Methodology

Phase I of the proposed energy optimization methodology showed how the selection of best management criteria for the biological aeration process, and the guarantee of its control at the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in San Pedro del Pinatar (Murcia, Spain) produced reductions of around 20% in energy consumption by considerably reducing the oxygen needs of the microorganisms in the biological system. This manuscript focused on phase II of this methodology, which describes the tools that can be used to detect and correct deviations in the optimal operating points of the aeration equipment and the intrinsic deficiencies in the installation, in order to achieve optimization of the oxygen needs by the microorganisms and improve the efficiency of their transfer from the gas phase to the liquid phase. The objectives pursued were: (i) to minimize the need for aeration, (ii) to reduce the pressure losses in the installation, (iii) to optimize the air supply pressures to avoid excessive energy consumption for the same airflow, and (iv) to optimize the control strategy for the actual working conditions. The use of flow modeling and simulation techniques, the measurement and calculation of air transfer efficiency through the use of off-gas hoods, and the redesign of the aeration facility at the San Pedro del Pinatar WWTP were crucial, and allowed for reductions in energy consumption in Phase II of more than 20%.

scholarly journals Modeling of Electric Energy Consumption during Dairy Wastewater Treatment Plant Operation

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radosław Żyłka ◽  
Wojciech Dąbrowski ◽  
Paweł Malinowski ◽  
Beata Karolinczak
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Dairy Wastewater ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Electric Energy Consumption

The intensification of biological wastewater treatment requires the high usage of electric energy, mainly for aeration processes. Publications on energy consumption have been mostly related to municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The aim of the research was to elaborate on models for the estimation of energy consumption during dairy WWTP operation. These models can be used for the optimization of electric energy consumption. The research was conducted in a dairy WWTP, operating with dissolved air flotation (DAF) and an activated sludge system. Energy consumption was measured with the help of three-phase network parameter transducers and a supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system. The obtained models provided accurate predictions of DAF, biological treatment, and the overall WWTP energy consumption using chemical oxygen demand (COD), sewage flow, and air temperature. Using the energy consumption of the biological treatment as an independent variable, as well as air temperature, it is possible to estimate the variability of the total electric energy consumption. During the summer period, an increase in the organic load (expressed as COD) discharged into the biological treatment causes higher electric energy consumption in the whole dairy WWTP. Hence, it is recommended to increase the efficiency of the removal of organic pollutants in the DAF process. An application for the estimation of energy consumption was created.

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