A new methodology for surcharge risk management in urban areas (case study: Gonbad-e-Kavus city)

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 823-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhad Hooshyaripor ◽  
Jafar Yazdi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Pareto Front ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Nsga Ii ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Conflicting Objectives

This research presents a simulation-optimization model for urban flood mitigation integrating Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) with Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) hydraulic model under a curve number-based hydrologic model of low impact development technologies in Gonbad-e-Kavus, a small city in the north of Iran. In the developed model, the best performance of the system relies on the optimal layout and capacity of retention ponds over the study area in order to reduce surcharge from the manholes underlying a set of storm event loads, while the available investment plays a restricting role. Thus, there is a multi-objective optimization problem with two conflicting objectives solved successfully by NSGA-II to find a set of optimal solutions known as the Pareto front. In order to analyze the results, a new factor, investment priority index (IPI), is defined which shows the risk of surcharging over the network and priority of the mitigation actions. The IPI is calculated using the probability of pond selection for candidate locations and average depth of the ponds in all Pareto front solutions. The IPI can help the decision makers to arrange a long-term progressive plan with the priority of high-risk areas when an optimal solution has been selected.

scholarly journals An Exploratory Optimal Framework of Low Impact Development Measures Spatial Arrangement based on Source Tracking for Urban Flood Mitigation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenchao Qi ◽  
Chao Ma ◽  
Hongshi Xu ◽  
Zifan Chen ◽  
Kai Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Source Tracking ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Tracking Method ◽  
Source Areas ◽  
Optimization Framework ◽  
Flood Source

Abstract Urban areas are vulnerable to flooding as a result of climate change and population growth and thus rainstorm-induced flood losses are becoming increasingly severe. Low impact development (LID) measures are a storm management technique designed for controlling runoff in urban areas, which is critical for solving urban flood hazard. Therefore, this study developed an exploratory simulation-optimization framework for the spatial arrangement of LID measures. The proposed framework begins by applying a numerical model to simulate hydrological and hydrodynamic processes during a storm event, and the urban flood model coupled with the source tracking method was then used to identify the flood source areas. Next, based on source tracking data, the LID investment in each subcatchment was determined using the inundation volume contribution ratio of the flood source area (where most of the investment is required) to the flood hazard area (where most of the flooding occurs). Finally, the resiliency and sustainability of different LID scenarios were evaluated using several different storm events in order to provide suggestions for flooding predictions and the decision-making process. The results of this study emphasized the importance of flood source control. Furthermore, to quantitatively evaluate the impact of inundation volume transport between subcatchments on the effectiveness of LID measures, a regional relevance index (RI) was proposed to analyze the spatial connectivity between different regions. The simulation-optimization framework was applied to Haikou City, China, wherein the results indicated that LID measures in a spatial arrangement based on the source tracking method are a robust and resilient solution to flood mitigation. This study demonstrates the novelty of combining the source tracking method and highlights the spatial connectivity between flood source areas and flood hazard areas. Further, the framework acts as a strategic tool for the effective spatial arrangement design of LID measures.

scholarly journals Coordinated Control of PV Generation and EVs Charging Based on Improved DECell Algorithm

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo Zhao ◽  
Xueliang Huang ◽  
Hao Qiang
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Differential Evolution ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Optimization Model ◽  
Pareto Front ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Coordinated Control ◽  
Nsga Ii ◽  
Nondominated Solutions ◽  
Pv Generation

Recently, the coordination of EVs’ charging and renewable energy has become a hot research all around the globe. Considering the requirements of EV owner and the influence of the PV output fluctuation on the power grid, a three-objective optimization model was established by controlling the EVs charging power during charging process. By integrating the meshing method into differential evolution cellular (DECell) genetic algorithm, an improved differential evolution cellular (IDECell) genetic algorithm was presented to solve the multiobjective optimization model. Compared to the NSGA-II and DECell, the IDECell algorithm showed better performance in the convergence and uniform distribution. Furthermore, the IDECell algorithm was applied to obtain the Pareto front of nondominated solutions. Followed by the normalized sorting of the nondominated solutions, the optimal solution was chosen to arrive at the optimized coordinated control strategy of PV generation and EVs charging. Compared to typical charging pattern, the optimized charging pattern could reduce the fluctuations of PV generation output power, satisfy the demand of EVs charging quantity, and save the total charging cost.

Implementation of Low Impact Development Concept for New Town Construction in the Republic of Korea

2013 ◽  
Vol 742 ◽  
pp. 30-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ree Ho Kim ◽  
Jung Hun Lee ◽  
Mik Yeong Kim ◽  
Hyun Dong Lee
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Natural Ecosystem ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Flow Control Devices ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Storm Drain

New approach in stormwater management is urgent to address those water related problems and supplement the limitations of existed water management system. It should have functions to restore water and heat cycles in urban areas, that is, to restore hydrological cycle by promoting infiltration and evaporation, to secure water resources, to alleviate heat island phenomena, to prevent urban flood, and to conserve and restore the ecosystem. LID practices are one of prominent measures to mitigate the impacts of development and urbanization. It is important to have a LID approach in the step of site development planning. LID facilities could be categorized as flow control devices, detention, retention, vegetated filtration, infiltration and treatment. LID emphasizes local, decentralized solutions that capitalize on the beneficial services that natural ecosystem functions can provide. LID also focuses on controlling urban runoff and pollution right at the source, rather than at the end of the storm drain outlet. Since there are many different aspects of LID approach, the policy to promote or regulate LID should consider water, energy and ecology conservation.

scholarly journals An Integrated Hydraulic and Hydrologic Modeling Approach for Roadside Bio-Retention Facilities

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1248 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Li ◽  
Seyed Alinaghian ◽  
Darko Joksimovic ◽  
Lianghao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Effective Length ◽  
Integrated Modelling ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Control Performance ◽  
Hydrologic Modelling ◽  
Runoff Control ◽  
Modelling Approach

Roadside bio-retention (RBR) facilities are low impact development practices, which control urban runoff primarily from road pavements. Using hydrologic models, such as the US EPA Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), RBR are typically designed with some fundamental assumptions, including where runoff completely enters the facilities and fully utilizes the whole surface area for percolation, detention, filtration, and infiltration to the surrounding soils. This paper highlights the importance of inlet hydraulics and the spatial distribution of inflow along a RBR, and proposes an integrated hydraulic and hydrologic modelling approach to simulate its overall runoff control performance. The integrated hydraulic/hydrologic modelling approach consists of three components: (1) A dual drainage hydrologic model to simulate runoff generation, runoff hydrographs entering and bypassing a storm inlet, and the outflow hydrograph from a fully utilized RBR; (2) a computational fluid dynamic model to determine the inflow distribution along a RBR; and (3) an overall runoff control performance analysis of RBR by considering the inlet efficiency, and the partially and fully utilized RBR during a storm event. A case study of an underground RBR in the City of Toronto was used to demonstrate the integrated modelling approach. It is concluded that; (1) inlet efficiency of a RBR will determine the overall runoff control performance; and (2) the inflow distribution will dictate the effective length of a RBR, which may affect the overall runoff control performance.

scholarly journals Evolutionary Multi-Objective Energy Production Optimization: An Empirical Comparison

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo-Adolfo Vargas-Hákim ◽  
Efrén Mezura-Montes ◽  
Edgar Galván
Keyword(s):  
Pareto Front ◽  
Power Production ◽  
Production Optimization ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Nsga Ii ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Conflicting Objectives ◽  
Chaotic Model

This work presents the assessment of the well-known Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) and one of its variants to optimize a proposed electric power production system. Such variant implements a chaotic model to generate the initial population, aiming to get a better distributed Pareto front. The considered power system is composed of solar, wind and natural gas power sources, being the first two renewable energies. Three conflicting objectives are considered in the problem: (1) power production, (2) production costs and (3) CO2 emissions. The Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm based on Decomposition (MOEA/D) is also adopted in the comparison so as to enrich the empirical evidence by contrasting the NSGA-II versions against a non-Pareto-based approach. Spacing and Hypervolume are the chosen metrics to compare the performance of the algorithms under study. The obtained results suggest that there is no significant improvement by using the variant of the NSGA-II over the original version. Nonetheless, meaningful performance differences have been found between MOEA/D and the other two algorithms.

Multi Objective Optimization of a Methane Steam Reforming Reaction in a Membrane Reactor: Considering the Potential Catalyst Deactivation due to the Hydrogen Removal

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjan Alavi ◽  
Reza Eslamloueyan ◽  
Mohammad Reza Rahimpour
Keyword(s):  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Membrane Reactor ◽  
Pareto Front ◽  
Catalyst Deactivation ◽  
Coke Formation ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Methane Steam Reforming ◽  
Nsga Ii ◽  
Hydrogen Recovery ◽  
Methane Steam

AbstractSteam reforming of methane (SRM) is an important stage of hydrogen production. Using a membrane reactor (MR) to separate the produced H2positively affects CH4conversion by shifting the equilibrium. This H2removal increases the risk of coke formation in the process. In this study, the influence of different parameters such as Damkohler’s number (Da) and permeation number (θ) on CH4conversion and H2recovery are investigated. In order to find the optimum condition for this MR in which CH4conversion, H2Recovery are maximized and the risk of coke formation is minimized, the elitist non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) is employed to achieve the Pareto front in a three objective space. The single optimal solution is selected from Pareto front by TOPSIS decision making method. In the optimized condition methane conversion and hydrogen recovery are improved about 19.8% an 6.8%, respectively. Also, the risk of coke formation in the MR is reduced.

scholarly journals Calibrating a watershed simulation model involving human interference: an application of multi-objective genetic algorithms

2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad I. Hejazi ◽  
Ximing Cai ◽  
Deva K. Borah
Keyword(s):  
Error Term ◽  
Fitness Function ◽  
Calibration Procedure ◽  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Nsga Ii ◽  
Human Interference ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Reservoir Release

We calibrate a storm-event distributed hydrologic model to a watershed, in which runoff is significantly affected by reservoir storage and release, using a multi-objective genetic algorithm (NSGA-II). This paper addresses the following questions: What forms of the objective (fitness) function used in the optimization model will result in a better calibration? How does the error in reservoir release caused by neglected human interference or the imprecise storage–release function affect the calibration? Reservoir release is studied as a specific (and popular) form of human interference. Two procedures for handling reservoir releases are tested and compared: (1) treating reservoir releases to be solely determined by the hydraulic structure (predefined storage or stage-discharge relations) as if perfect, a procedure usually adopted in watershed model calibration; or (2) adding reservoir releases that are determined by the storage–discharge relation to an error term. The error term encompasses a time-variant human interference and a discharge function error, and is determined through an optimization-based calibration procedure. It is found that the calibration procedure with consideration of human interference not only results in a better match of modeled and observed hydrograph, but also more reasonable model parameters in terms of their spatial distribution and the robustness of the parameter values.

scholarly journals The Application of Low Impact Development Facility Chain on Storm Rainfall Control: A Case Study in Shenzhen, China

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 3375
Author(s):  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Hongliang Xu ◽  
Honglei Liu ◽  
Bin Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Runoff Coefficient ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Rainfall Characteristics ◽  
Runoff Volume ◽  
Residential Neighborhood ◽  
Peak Runoff

In recent decades, low impact development (LID) has become an increasingly important concern as a state-of-the-art stormwater management mode to treat urban flood, preferable to conventional urban drainage systems. However, the effects of the combined use of different LID facilities on urban flooding have not been fully investigated under different rainfall characteristics. In this study, a residential, neighborhood-scale catchment in Shenzhen City, southern China was selected as a case study, where the effects of four LID techniques (bio-retention, bio-swale, rain garden and pervious pavement) with different connection patterns (cascaded, semi-cascaded and paralleled) on runoff reduction efficiency were analyzed by the storm water management model (SWMM), promoted by the U.S. EPA. Three kinds of designed storm events with different return periods, durations and time-to-peak ratios were forced to simulate the flood for holistic assessment of the LID connection patterns. The effects were measured by the runoff coefficient of the whole storm–runoff process and the peak runoff volume. The results obtained indicate that the cascaded connect LID chain can more effectively reduce the runoff than that in the paralleled connect LID chain under different storms. The performances of the LID chains in modeling flood process in SWMM indicate that the runoff coefficient and the peak runoff volume increase with the increase in the rain return periods and the decrease in rain duration. Additionally, the move backward of the peak rain intensity to the end of the storm event slightly affects the peak runoff volume obviously while gives slight influence on the total runoff volume. This study provides an insight into the performance of LID chain designs under different rainfall characteristics, which is essential for effective urban flood management.

scholarly journals Curve Number Estimation for a Small Urban Catchment from Recorded Rainfall-Runoff Events

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazimierz Banasik ◽  
Adam Krajewski ◽  
Anna Sikorska ◽  
Leszek Hejduk
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Ungauged Catchments ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Urban Catchment ◽  
Urban Catchments ◽  
Runoff Events

Abstract Runoff estimation is a key component in various hydrological considerations. Estimation of storm runoff is especially important for the effective design of hydraulic and road structures, for the flood flow management, as well as for the analysis of land use changes, i.e. urbanization or low impact development of urban areas. The curve number (CN) method, developed by Soil Conservation Service (SCS) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture for predicting the flood runoff depth from ungauged catchments, has been in continuous use for ca. 60 years. This method has not been extensively tested in Poland, especially in small urban catchments, because of lack of data. In this study, 39 rainfall-runoff events, collected during four years (2009–2012) in a small (A=28.7 km2), urban catchment of Służew Creek in southwest part of Warsaw were used, with the aim of determining the CNs and to check its applicability to ungauged urban areas. The parameters CN, estimated empirically, vary from 65.1 to 95.0, decreasing with rainfall size and, when sorted rainfall and runoff separately, reaching the value from 67 to 74 for large rainfall events.

scholarly journals Risk based urban watershed management under conflicting objectives

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Novotny ◽  
D. Clark ◽  
R. J. Griffin ◽  
D. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Urban Stream ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Conflicting Objectives ◽  
Gis Environment ◽  
Ecological Preservation ◽  
Ecologically Sustainable

Ecological impairment and flooding caused by urbanization can be expressed numerically by calculating the risks throughout the watershed (floodplain) and along the main stems of the streams. The risks can be evaluated in terms of the present and/or future. This article describes the methodologies for ascertaining the risks in the Geographical Information Systems (GIS) environment. The objectives of urban flood controls and ecological preservation/restoration of urban waters are often conflicting and, in the past, the sole emphasis on flood control led to destruction of habitat and deterioration of water quality. An optimal solution to these two problems may be achieved by linking the risks to the concepts of risk communication, risk perception, and public willingness to pay for projects leading to ecological restoration and ecologically sustainable flood control. This method is appropriate because, in each case, public funds are used and the projects require approval and backing of policy makers and stakeholders. This article briefly describes a research project that attempts to resolve the conflict between the flood protection and stream ecological preservation and restoration and suggests alternative ways of expressing benefits of urban stream flood control and restoration projects.

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