Hurdles in the investigation of influent fractionation for measurement campaigns under diluted wastewater conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (12) ◽  
pp. 2958-2969
Author(s):  
Youri Amerlinck ◽  
Ellen Vanassche ◽  
Hélène Versluys ◽  
Ingmar Nopens
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Low Load ◽  
Good Characterization ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Measurement Campaigns ◽  
Load Conditions ◽  
Insufficient Sensitivity

Evaluating the performance of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) requires a good characterization of the biodegradable substrate entering the plant. As is generally acknowledged, the wastewater characteristics under rain or storm weather conditions vary significantly from dry weather conditions but this is rarely accounted for in modelling exercises. In order to address this defect, a measurement campaign was set up and samples were analysed using respirometric assays. In this paper, some hurdles regarding measurement campaigns under dilute wastewater conditions and a better exploration of the impact of using respirometric assays are described and discussed. The dependence of the heterotrophic yield on different substrates severely hampers the evaluation of the respirograms under dilute wastewater conditions. In addition, the low load conditions limit the application of the assays due to insufficient sensitivity of the experiment and uncontrolled oxygen inputs. The results clearly demonstrate the need for further research in order to allow for a proper evaluation of WWTP performance under rain and storm weather conditions.

Activated sludge wastewater treatment plants optimisation to face pollution overloads during grape harvest periods

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Beck ◽  
G. Prades ◽  
A.-G. Sadowski
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Process Line ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Load Conditions

The principal objective of our study was to optimise a municipal activated sludge wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) to face high organic flows due to viticulture effluents inputs. Treatment file optimization consisted in testing different treatment lines, changing the number and volume of biological basins and clarifiers, with or without a buffer basin upstream, with a view to achieving a better reduction of COD. The actual WWTP biological stage is composed of two aerated basins whose total volume is 1365 m3. The studied cases are successively, the installation of a single basin of 1365 m3, then of several basins whose total volume remains constant and equal to 1365 m3. Another case was also considered, that of an aerated basin followed by a first clarifier and then, by another aerated basin and a second clarifier. All scenarios presented below were evaluated, for standard dry weather conditions and for high organic load conditions, as encountered during the grape harvest period. The method used was to carry out various simulations, using numerical modelling, and to compare the impact of different process line scenarios and management strategies on the activated sludge WWTP efficiencies.

scholarly journals Caracterización del comportamiento emprendedor para los estudiantes de administración de la Universidad Nacional = Characterization of the enterpreneurial behavior of business administration students at Universidad del Rosario

2013 ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Sergio Andrés Pulgarín Molina ◽  
Marleny Cardona Acevedo
Keyword(s):  
Business Administration ◽  
Academic Programs ◽  
Entrepreneurial Culture ◽  
Business Administration Students ◽  
Premier Cycle ◽  
Développement Économique ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Administration Students

RESUMEN:El emprendimiento como campo de estudio ha cobrado una creciente relevancia en las agendas académicas y gubernamentales del último quinquenio por su capacidad para empujar el desarrollo económico y los procesos de innovación en los países. Un ejemplo de ello es Colombia, donde el nivel de impacto ha sido tan elevado que se han formalizado desde marcos regulatorios como la ley 1014 del 2006 para el fomento a la cultura empresarial , hasta instituciones de todo tipo para el fomento al emprendimiento empresarial. No obstante, los esfuerzos por estructurar espacios para estimular el emprendimiento deben trascender más allá del simple asistencialismo, para centrarse en la definición de planes estratégicos que permitan la formación de emprendedores de una manera articula y congruente con objetivos y políticas claramente identificadas.Por tal razón, desde el centro de emprendimiento de la Universidad de Rosario se impulsó el desarrollo de un estudio que permitiese la caracterización del perfil emprendedor de los estudiantes, a fin de identificar sus fortalezas y debilidades. Este estudio toma como base la metodología de características del comportamiento emprendedor o CCE para estudiar los alumnos de pregrado de la Facultad de Administración en cada uno de sus tres programas. Al final con estos resultados el Centro Emprendimiento podrá formular cada uno de sus planes, programas y proyectos, así como también políticas asociadas al desarrollo de las cualidades necesarias para formar mejores emprendedores.ABSTRACT:Entrepreneurship as a field of study has gained a significant role in the academic and government agendas stated at a five- year term as it consolidates economic development and innovation processes in different countries. One example of this is Colombia, in which the impact has been obvious to get regulatory formal frameworks as 1014 of 2006 Law to foment an entrepreneurial culture, as well as institutions for the development of entrepreneurship. However, all efforts to have spaces to stimulate this aspect should go further the design of strategic planning that allows the formation of entrepreneurs based on articulated aims and policies clearly identified.For this reason, in the entrepreneurship department of Universidad del Rosario a study was made which set up the characterization of the entrepreneur profile of students to identify weaknesses and strengths. This study used the methodology based on the characteristics of entrepreneur behavior to make the study involving Business Administration students in each of the three academic programs. Finally, considering the results of this study, this department can design its programs and projects as well as all the policies to develop the necessary qualities to form better entrepreneurs.RESUMÉÉL’entrepreneuriat a acquis en tant que champ d’étude, une importance croissante dans les universités et les programmes gouvernementaux de ces cinq dernières années pour sa capacité à améliorer le développement économique et les processus d’innovation des pays. Un exemple clair en est la Colombie, où l’impact de l’entrepreneuriat a été si fort qu’il a été officialisé dans le cadre réglementaire avec la Loi 1014 de 2006 pour la promotion de la culture entrepreneuriale, mais aussi dans différentes institutions pour la promotion de l’entreprise. Toutefois, les efforts pour structurer les espaces de stimulation del’esprit d’entreprise doivent aller au-delà de la simple assistance mais plutôt mettre en place des plans stratégiques permettant la formation des entrepreneurs de manière articulée et conforment aux objectifs et politiques établies. Pour cette raison, une étude permettant la caractérisation des forces et faiblesses du profil des étudiants–entrepreneurs a été entreprise par le Centre de Gestion de l’Université de Rosario.Cette étude prend comme base les caractéristiques du comportement entrepreneurial ou CCE pour étudier les élèves de premier cycle de la Faculté de Gestion dans chacun de ses trois programmes. Finalement et avec l’aide de ces résultats, le Centre de Gestion pourra mettre en oeuvre ses programmes et projets, ainsi que les politiques liées au développement des qualités requises pour former de meilleurs entrepreneurs.

scholarly journals Influence and strategy optimization of fuel injection timing on PN and fuel consumption

2021 ◽  
Vol 268 ◽  
pp. 01053
Author(s):  
Liyun Qian ◽  
Yimin Wang ◽  
Zhikun Deng ◽  
Lihui Wang ◽  
Xionghui Zou
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Fuel Injection Timing ◽  
Medium Speed ◽  
Low Load ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Load Conditions

During the development of a CN Ⅵ light vehicle equipped with a GDI gasoline engine, the phenomenon of high PN appeared. In response to the operating conditions of the engine running in the WLTC cycle, a corresponding SOI sweep was performed on the dyno bench. The PN emissions of the engine has reduced by optimizing of SOI. The results show that when the SOI is sufficiently advanced, the oil film formed by the collision of the spray and the piston causes the PN emissions to increase significantly. In order to avoid the deterioration of the PN emissions, the SOI should be appropriately postponed. In the low load conditions, it is more appropriate to calibrate the SOI at 295°CA and 290°CA. In the medium speed area, it is more suitable to set it at 300°CA or later. The SOI in the higher speed area can be slightly advanced if necessary. And the impact of SOI on fuel consumption is more obvious at low speeds, but it is not obvious at the conditions of medium to high loads and speeds.

On the Use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to Assess the Impact of Low-Load Operations on Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) Tube Module Integrity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Fabricius ◽  
David S. Moelling ◽  
Jan Rusaas
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Temperature ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Low Load ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Load Conditions

Abstract As the electricity market has evolved with the addition of renewables to the generation mix, Heat Recovery Steam Generators (HRSGs) that were originally designed for base load conditions are now frequently forced to operate in a cycling and/or low-load regime. This can lead to front end tube-to header fatigue, creep or creep-fatigue failures, often induced by Gas Turbine (GT) flow imbalances causing locally-elevated tube temperatures and/or bending stresses on joints due to large temperature differences between tube rows. This paper focuses on the use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) as a tool to analyze the risks of shifting operation mode. Exhaust gas flow profiles were analyzed for various low load conditions in two power plants with differing vertical designs. One of the plants had already moved into cycling mode and suffered tube failures that were directly related to low-load (and start-up) exhaust flow patterns, the other plant is projected to operate in a frequent cycling mode in the near future. The contribution of CFD to identifying the conditions that lead to failure for the first plant is presented, along with projections on the potential impact of lowload operation on the second plant design in terms of risk of hotend tube failures. Mechanisms to reduce the failure risk, such as addition of flow-conditioning devices, are also investigated.

scholarly journals Evapotranspiration over agroforestry sites in Germany

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Markwitz ◽  
Alexander Knohl ◽  
Lukas Siebicke
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Eddy Covariance ◽  
Incident Radiation ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mean Square Errors ◽  
Measurement Campaigns

Abstract. In past years the interest in growing crops and trees for bioenergy production increased. One agricultural practice is the mixed cultivation of fast growing trees and annual crops or perennial grass-lands on the same piece of land, referred to as one type of agroforestry. The inclusion of tree strips into the agricultural landscape has been shown – on the one hand – to lead to reduced wind speeds and higher carbon sequestration above-ground and in the soil. On the other hand, concerns have been risen about increased water losses to the atmosphere via evapotranspiration (ET). Therefore it was our main objective to proof if agroforestry systems have higher ET compared to monoculture systems. We followed a replicated measurement design to investigate the impact of agroforestry (AF) on ET under consideration of different ambient conditions. We measured actual ET at five agroforestry sites in direct comparison to five monoculture (MC) sites in Northern Germany in 2016 and 2017. We used an eddy covariance energy balance set-up (ECEB) and a low-cost eddy covariance set-up (EC-LC) to measure actual evapotranspiration over each agroforestry and each monoculture system. We conducted direct eddy covariance (EC) measurement campaigns of approximately four weeks duration for method validation. Results from the short-term measurement campaigns showed a high agreement between ET from EC-LC and EC, indicated by slopes of a linear regression analysis between 0.86 and 1.3 (R2 between 0.7 and 0.94) across sites. Root mean square errors of LE from EC-LC vs. EC were half as small as from ECEB vs. EC, indicating a superior performance of EC-LC compared to ECEB. The overall effect of agroforestry on system-scale ET for the two years was small compared to the monoculture systems. Differences between annual ET over AF and MC from the two years and both measuring set-ups were not significant (p = 0.3557). We interpret this as an effect of compensating small-scale differences in ET when ET is measured on system-scale. A reduction of ET is expected to be strongest next to the tree strips due to reduced wind speed and limited incident radiation relative to an open field. Whereas in between the tree strips ET is expected to increase due to higher incident radiation. Most likely differences in ET rates next to and in between the tree strips are of the same order of magnitude and compensate each other on system scale. In contrast, we found a strong dependency of ET on the local climate, characterized by the evapotranspiration index (∑ET/precipitation). We observed significant (p = 0.0007098) higher mean evapotranspiration indices across sites for a drier than normal year (2016) compared to a wet year (2017) independent of the land-use or method. We conclude that agroforestry has not resulted in an increased water loss to the atmosphere indicating that agroforestry in Germany can be a land-use alternative to conventional agriculture.

Application of dextranase in UK sugar beet factories

2011 ◽  
pp. 780-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garry Bowler ◽  
Simon Wones
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Adverse Weather Conditions ◽  
Effluent Treatment Plant ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

The results and conclusions from a trial of dextranase addition to draft raw juice at Wissington factory in the UK during the 2009/10 campaign are reviewed with emphasis on the impact on factory throughput and other key operational parameters. The trial demonstrated a significant benefit on second carbonation filtration which resulted in increased throughput, reduction in process chemicals usage, improved operational stability, a reduction in limesalts and the amount of water discharged to the site effluent treatment plant. In the UK the 2010/11 campaign was severely affected by adverse weather conditions and further experience was gained from additional dextranase trials conducted at all British Sugar sites.

A practical application of integrated urban pollution modelling in Flanders (Belgium): the catchment of Tielt

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Van Assel ◽  
R. Carrette
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Urban Pollution ◽  
Integrated Modelling ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Innovation Project ◽  
Water Courses ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

In view of a European Innovation Project (DG XIII) on the application of the Urban Pollution Management (UPM) procedure, a European consortium was set up to carry out pilot studies in Belgium, France, Ireland, Italy and Portugal. On the Belgian pilot catchment of Tielt the impact from sewer system and sewage treatment plant (STP) on the receiving water courses was studied for both the existing situation and for a number of possible improvement schemes, using the Intermittent Standards, described in the UPM procedure. The integrated modelling revealed some interesting conclusions on the relative impact of the schemes considered.

A neural network approach for on-line fault detection of nitrogen sensors in alternated active sludge treatment plants

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 2760-2768 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Caccavale ◽  
P. Digiulio ◽  
M. Iamarino ◽  
S. Masi ◽  
F. Pierri
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Fault Detection ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Active Sludge ◽  
Measured Concentration ◽  
Neural Network Approach ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Set Up

In this paper, an effective strategy for fault detection of nitrogen sensors in alternated active sludge treatment plants is proposed and tested on a simulated set-up. It is based on two predictive neural networks, which are trained using a historical set of data collected during fault-free operation of a wastewater treatment plant and their ability to predict reduced (ammonium) and oxidized (nitrates and nitrites) nitrogen is tested. The neural networks are also characterized by good generalization ability and robustness with respect to the influent variability with time and weather conditions. Then, simulations have been carried out imposing different kinds of fault on both sensors, as isolated spikes, abrupt bias and increased noise. Processing of residuals, based on the difference between measured concentration values and neural networks predictions, allows a quick revealing of the fault as well as the isolation of the corrupted sensor.

Rapid, Refined, and Robust Method for Expression, Purification, and Characterization of Recombinant Human Amyloid-beta M1-42

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Prakash ◽  
Travis Lantz ◽  
Krupal P. Jethava ◽  
Gaurav Chopra
Keyword(s):  
Amyloid Beta ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Short Time

Amyloid plaques found in the brains of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients primarily consists of amyloid beta 1-42 (Ab42). Commercially, Ab42 is synthetized using peptide synthesizers. We describe a robust methodology for expression of recombinant human Ab(M1-42) in Rosetta(DE3)pLysS and BL21(DE3)pLysS competent E. coli with refined and rapid analytical purification techniques. The peptide is isolated and purified from the transformed cells using an optimized set-up for reverse-phase HPLC protocol, using commonly available C18 columns, yielding high amounts of peptide (~15-20 mg per 1 L culture) in a short time. The recombinant Ab(M1-42) forms characteristic aggregates similar to synthetic Ab42 aggregates as verified by western blots and atomic force microscopy to warrant future biological use. Our rapid, refined, and robust technique to purify human Ab(M1-42) can be used to synthesize chemical probes for several downstream in vitro and in vivo assays to facilitate AD research.

Isolation and characterization of oleochemical compounds from watermelon seed

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 79-82
Author(s):  
Madhubhushan M ◽  
Seshaiah S ◽  
Chandrudu J ◽  
Sagar R ◽  
Akila CR
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Fatty Esters ◽  
Mineral Oils ◽  
Light Yellow ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
The Common ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Natural Gradation

The common watermelon item (Citrullus lanatus) seeds were gained from castoffs verdant nourishments for use by decorating, sun ventilation and pulverizing. Light yellow-toned oil was gotten by dissolvable withdrawal using oil atmosphere and the going with traits were gotten using oil ether: pH, refractive rundown, thickness, dissolvable miscibility, coagulating temperature, fire nature, express gravity, streak point and warmth of consuming. With a shallow level of unsaturation, stepped level of smoothness, and proximity of raised degree of the sensible proportion of free unsaturated fats. The low assessment of the solidifying temperature of the oil offered a hint that the oil can be managed in various areas paying little heed to the qualification in temperature. The following level of linoleic destructive of the oil offers a hint of natural gradation of solidarity. Fatty esters are increasing expanding significance as a biodegradable swap for mineral oils. In some request regions, for example, cutting tool oil, gearbox, pressure-driven oils, and greases for raw petroleum creation, the oleochemical items are set up. Nonetheless, certain particular wellsprings of fatty esters are hitherto to be abused for this comparative reason. This exploration subsequently tests into one of the less used wellsprings of fatty esters in watermelon. The oil from the kernels demonstrations a top-notch yield presents significant utilitarian gatherings for change and thus was utilized to set up an assortment of oleochemicals which demonstrated excellence materials in contrast with the routinely utilized oils feed frameworks for oleochemicals after portrayal. The photopolymers acquired indicated piercing vinyl protons for consistent polymerize.

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