Utilization of artificial recharged effluent as makeup water for industrial cooling system: corrosion and scaling

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 2559-2569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liangliang Wei ◽  
Kena Qin ◽  
Qingliang Zhao ◽  
Daniel R. Noguera ◽  
Ming Xin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Design Criterion ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Soil Aquifer Treatment ◽  
Makeup Water ◽  
Circulating Cooling Water ◽  
Pre Treatment

The secondary effluent from wastewater treatment plants was reused for industrial cooling water after pre-treatment with a laboratory-scale soil aquifer treatment (SAT) system. Up to a 95.3% removal efficiency for suspended solids (SS), 51.4% for chemical oxygen demand (COD), 32.1% for Cl− and 30.0% SO42− were observed for the recharged secondary effluent after the SAT operation, which is essential for controlling scaling and corrosion during the cooling process. As compared to the secondary effluent, the reuse of the 1.5 m depth SAT effluent decreased the corrosion by 75.0%, in addition to a 55.1% decline of the scales/biofouling formation (with a compacted structure). The experimental results can satisfy the Chinese criterion of Design Criterion of the Industrial Circulating Cooling Water Treatment (GB 50050-95), and was more efficient than tertiary effluent which coagulated with ferric chloride. In addition, chemical structure of the scales/biofouling obtained from the cooling system was analyzed.

scholarly journals Combined Application of UV Photolysis and Ozonation with Biological Aerating Filter in Tertiary Wastewater Treatment

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaoqian Jing ◽  
Shiwei Cao
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Uv Photolysis ◽  
Combined Application

To enhance the biodegradability of residual organic pollutants in secondary effluent of wastewater treatment plants, UV photolysis and ozonation were used in combination as pretreatment before a biological aerating filter (BAF). The results indicated that UV photolysis could not remove much COD (chemical oxygen demand), and the performance of ozonation was better than the former. With UV photolysis combined with ozonation (UV/O3), COD removal was much higher than the sum of that with UV photolysis and ozonation alone, which indicated that UV photolysis could efficiently promote COD removal during ozonation. This pretreatment also improved molecular weight distribution (MWD) and biodegradability greatly. Proportion of organic compounds with molecular weight (MW) <3 kDalton was increased from 51.9% to 85.9%. COD removal rates with BAF and O3/BAF were only about 25% and 38%, respectively. When UV/O3oxidation was combined with BAF, the average COD removal rate reached above 61%, which was about 2.5 times of that with BAF alone. With influent COD ranging from 65 to 84 mg/L, the effluent COD was stably in the scope of 23–31 mg/L. The combination of UV/O3oxidation with BAF was quite efficient in organic pollutants removal for tertiary wastewater treatment.

Study on Biological Aerated Filter as Enhanced Pretreatment Process of Coagulation and Sedimentation

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 1940-1944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Shen ◽  
Han Xiao ◽  
Wan Qiu Yang ◽  
De Ren Miao ◽  
Xiao Ming Li
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Water System ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Biological Aerated Filter ◽  
Sedimentation Process ◽  
Cooling Water System ◽  
Circulating Cooling Water ◽  
Aerated Filter

Using coagulation and sedimentation process in the advanced treatment of urban secondary effluent which can be recycled to circulating cooling water system in power plant is only perform well on CODCrand turbidity removal. But the concentrations of organic matter and NH3in effluent can not meet the requirements of circulating cooling water. Therefore, in this study, the feasibility of biological aerated filter (BAF) as a pretreatment enhancing coagulation and sedimentation process was discussed. Achieved by controlling the two operating modes: (1) secondary effluentcoagulation and sedimentationeffluent; (2) secondary effluent BAFcoagulation and sedimentation effluent.The results show that the BAF pretreatment removes ammonia nitrogen effectively, and the turbidity and CODCrof effluent of BAF-coagulation sedimentation process is much lower than individual coagulation and sedimentation process. The final effluent qualities meet the requirements of circulating cooling water system in power plant.

Treatment of Wastewater to Meet the Requirements for Cooling Water Systems in Jordan’s Nuclear Plants

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiman Eid Al-Rawajfeh ◽  
Kamal Araj
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Hard Water ◽  
Chemical Cleaning ◽  
Makeup Water ◽  
Promising Alternative

Scaling and corrosion associated with the use of natural hard water in cooling towers during recirculation pose great problems from both economical and technical points of view, such as decreased system efficiency and increased frequency of chemical cleaning. Treated municipal wastewater (MWW) is a promising alternative to freshwater as power plant cooling system makeup water, especially in arid regions. In this work, hybrid systems of salt precipitation (SP), nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) were investigated, as potential pretreatment processes for wastewater reuse as cooling water in the planned Jordan nuclear power plants. The As-Samra wastewater was used to calculate the potential of carbonate and sulfate scale formation. The results were compared to scale potentials from Palo Verde wastewater. Four cases were investigated; SP, NF, SP-RO and NF-RO. The SP pretreatment cases showed the highest monovalent to divalent ratio because of a high removal of Ca and Mg and addition of Na from the chemicals of the SP step. The NF pretreatment cases, showed the lowest calcium sulfate scale potential and this potential decreases with the % pretreatment. The scale amount increases very slightly with concentration times when the SP and NF product is desalinated by RO step.

The forward osmosis application: using the secondary effluent as makeup water for cooling water dilution

2018 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Chen Wang ◽  
Baoyu Gao ◽  
Pin Zhao ◽  
Qinyan Yue ◽  
Ho Kyong Shon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Makeup Water ◽  
Water Dilution

Study on Enhanced Pretreatment Process of Coagulation Sedimentation by BAF

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 3188-3192
Author(s):  
Liang Shen ◽  
He Li Wang ◽  
Jing Xian Qi ◽  
Hun Chao Sun
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Water System ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Sedimentation Process ◽  
Cooling Water System ◽  
Circulating Cooling Water ◽  
Aerated Filter ◽  
Final Effluent

Using coagulation sedimentation process in the advanced treatment of urban secondary effluent which can be recycled to circulating cooling water system in power plant is only perform well on turbidity removal. But the concentrations of organic matter and NH3in effluent can not meet the requirements of circulating cooling water. Therefore, the feasibility of biological aerated filter (BAF) as a pretreatment enhancing coagulation sedimentation process was studied. The results show that the BAF pretreatment removes NH3effectively, and the turbidity and CODCrof effluent of BAF-coagulation sedimentation process is much lower than individual coagulation sedimentation process. The final effluent qualities meet the requirements of circulating cooling water system in power plant.

scholarly journals Optimization for Circulating Cooling Water Distribution of Indirect Dry Cooling System in a Thermal Power Plant under Crosswind Condition with Evolution Strategies Algorithm

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1167
Author(s):  
Zhao Li ◽  
Huimin Wei ◽  
Tao Wu ◽  
Xiaoze Du
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Evolution Strategies ◽  
Circulating Cooling Water ◽  
Dry Cooling

Crosswind has an adverse impact on the performance of an indirect dry cooling system. In order to mitigate the adverse influence, this study redistributed the circulating cooling water among air-cooled heat exchanger sectors so that the performance of the indirect dry cooling system could be improved. An evolution strategies algorithm combined with numerical effectiveness-based heat exchanger model was established to minimize the operation costs of the whole system. Based on a 660 MW practical power plant, optimal circulating cooling water operation strategies under varied crosswind speeds and ambient temperatures were calculated to show its application. According to the calculated results, the performance of the indirect dry cooling system could be enhanced by optimizing circulating cooling water distribution under any crosswind speed, especially under high ambient wind speeds. There is a slight promotion of the coal savings with a rise in ambient temperature: improvements of about 5%. The standard coal consumption rate could save as much as 2.50 g/kWh under crosswind speed of 10 m s−1 and ambient temperature of 32 °C, compared to the 0.1 g/kWh under crosswind speed of 2 m s−1 and ambient temperature of 32 °C.

scholarly journals Ferric chloride for odour control: studies from wastewater treatment plants in India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Prathna ◽  
Ankit Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Ferric Chloride ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Odour Control ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Samples

Abstract This study was about the feasibility of using ferric chloride as an agent for odour control in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) due to hydrogen sulphide emission. Total inlet sulphide concentrations at 11 WWTPs in Delhi were measured and ranged between 1.1 and 14.8 mg/L. Wastewater samples from Najafgarh drain were used in jar tests to estimate the ferric chloride concentration required to obtain acceptable treatment. Ferric chloride was effective in removing sulphide, phosphate and total suspended solids (TSS), and gave significant biological oxygen demand (BOD) reduction. It was ineffective, however, in removing ammoniacal-nitrogen. A dose of 40 mg/L removed 76% of total sulphide, which corresponds to a significant reduction in hydrogen sulphide emission. The study demonstrated that ferric chloride can be used as a cost-effective pre-treatment step in WWTPs to reduce sulphur-related odours significantly, as well as TSS, BOD and phosphate from wastewater.

Reuse of treated sewage effluent for cooling water make up: a feasibility study and a pilot plant study

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 363-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bandupala Wijesinghe ◽  
Ralph B. Kaye ◽  
Cristopher Jospeh D. Fell
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Makeup Water ◽  
Biofilm Growth

This investigation was aimed at developing an acceptable technology for using secondary effluent as cooling water makeup for inland manufacturing industry in Australia. Approximate economic evaluations were made for a number of pretreatment alternatives and for internal treatment with chemical conditioning agents. Internal treatment with biocide dosing appeared to be the most promising option. A portable pilot plant scale cooling tower/heat exchanger unit was constructed. The unit incorporated an on-line, differential pressure biofilm monitor together with automated control and data acquisition systems. The pilot plant was installed on site at a sewage treatment plant near Sydney. It was demonstrated that the use of TSE for cooling water makeup is technically feasible. The rate of biofilm growth observed using chlorinated secondary effluent directly from the sewage treatment plant as makeup water was similar to the rate of biofilm growth observed when potable water was used and supplementary chemical treatment was not introduced in either case. Excellent control of biofilm growth was observed in subsequent experiments when supplementary additions of simple chlorine or bromine chloride treatment systems were carried out. The pilot plant was operated successfully at 5 cycles of concentration without any other supplementary treatment being required.

scholarly journals Analysis and Optimization of Open Circulating Cooling Water System

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziqiang Lv ◽  
Jiuju Cai ◽  
Wenqiang Sun ◽  
Lianyong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water System ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Makeup Water ◽  
System A ◽  
Cooling Water System ◽  
Circulating Cooling Water ◽  
Fixed Structure ◽  
Relationship Of

Open circulating cooling water system is widely used in process industry. For a system with a fixed structure, the water consumption and blowdown usually change with the varying parameters such as quality and temperature. With the purpose of water saving, it is very important to optimize the operation strategy of water systems. Considering the factors including evaporation, leakage, blowdown and heat transfer, the mass and energy conservation equations of water system are established. On this basis, the quality and temperature models of makeup and blowdown water are, respectively, developed. The water consumption and discharge profiles and the optimal operating strategy of the open recirculating cooling water system under different conditions are obtained. The concept of cycles of temperature is proposed to evaluate the temperature relationship of various parts of the open circulating cooling water system. A mathematical relationship is established to analyze the influence of the water temperature on the makeup water rate of the system under the condition of insufficient cooling capacity of the cooling tower. In addition, the co-influences of quality and temperature parameters on the system are analyzed.

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