Anaerobic treatment of sulfate-containing municipal wastewater with a fluidized bed reactor at 20 °C

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 2446-2452 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Düppenbecker ◽  
P. Cornel
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Mass Flows ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

This study focuses on the anaerobic treatment of sulfate-containing municipal wastewater at 20 °C with a fluidized bed reactor. Mean influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) and sulfate concentrations were 481 and 96 mg/l. The response of the COD removal efficiency to increasing organic loading rates (OLR) was investigated. Average total COD removal was 61% at OLR between 2.7 and 13.7 kg COD/(m³·d) and did not distinctly depend on the OLR. To assess the removal efficiency in more detail the COD in- and output mass flows were balanced. The results showed that only 11–12% of the input COD was recovered as gaseous methane. About 12–13% of the input COD remained in the effluent as dissolved methane. Furthermore, a distinct amount of 12–19% of the input COD remained in the reactor as settled sludge and was not further biologically degraded. Due to the reduction by sulfate-reducing bacteria, 13–14% of the input COD was degraded. Further adverse impacts of the influent sulfate on the anaerobic treatment process are discussed as well.

Anaerobic treatment of low concentration waste water in an inverse fluidized bed reactor

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Castilla ◽  
M. Meraz ◽  
O. Monroy ◽  
A. Noyola
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Inverse Fluidized Bed

Low concentration synthetic and municipal wastewaters were treated at HRT as short as 3 and 0.6 h respectively in an anaerobic inverse fluidized bed. Both bioreactors showed gas hold up due to the liquid downflow pattern of the prototype. The bioreactor operated at 3 h had a removal efficiency of 83%, specific activity of 4.5 kg CODremoved/kg IVS (d and the gas hold up varied from 23 to 55%. The reactor treating municipal wastewater had a removal efficiency of 44% when operating at 0.6 h, the specific activity was 4.2 kg CODremoved/kg IVS (d and no biogas was detected apparently because an important fraction was dissolved in the liquid phase. The biomass concentration was 13.8 and 1.1 kg IVS/m3 for synthetic and municipal wastewater and the SEM microphotographs showed a bacterial diversity for the first run and only cocci cells for the second run. The system does not remove suspended solids, so a polishing postreatment to improve water quality has to be implemented.

APLIKASI PROSES BIOLOGI ANAEROBIK PADA PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH ORGANIK BERKONSENTRASI GARAM TINGGI “STUDI KASUS INDUSTRI UME BOSHI”

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikbal Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Evolved Gas ◽  
Toc Removal ◽  
Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Reactor ◽  
Organic Carbon Loading

Anaerobic treatment of wastewater with high organic and salt content but low pH (TOC, 14 g/l; salt, 150 g/l; pH,2.7) generated during an “ume boshi” manufacturing process was investigated. Five-fold-diluted “ume boshi” effluent was treated by a draw-and-fill method at a volumetric TOC (total organic carbon) loading rate of 3.0  g/l/d with a TOC removal efficiency of 75%. Five-fold-diluted “ome boshi” effluent was also treated in an anaerobic fluidized-bed reactor (AFBR) at a maximum volumetric TOC loading rate of 3.0 g/l/d, which gave almost the same results as the draw-and-fill method. However, ten-fold-diluted “ome boshi” effluent could be treated in the AFBR at a maximum volumetric TOC loading rate of 11 g/l/d with a TOC removal efficiency of 85%. The methane content in the evolved gas was high, being 70%. The red pigment in the “ome boshi” effluent was completely decolorized by the anaerobic treatment.  Key words :, Anaerobic fluidized-bed reactor, “Ume boshi”Co2+ and Ni2+ ions, decolorization

Characterization of sulfate-reducing bacteria dominated surface communities during start-up of a down-flow fluidized bed reactor

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lourdes B. Celis ◽  
Denys Villa-Gómez ◽  
Angel G. Alpuche-Solís ◽  
B. Otto Ortega-Morales ◽  
Elías Razo-Flores
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactor ◽  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

scholarly journals Optimization of the COD Removal Efficiency for a Static Granular Bed Reactor Treating Poultry Slaughterhouse Wastewater

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainab Rinquest ◽  
Moses Basitere ◽  
Maxwell Mewa-Ngongang ◽  
Seteno Karabo Obed Ntwampe ◽  
Mahomet Njoya
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Granular Bed ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Cod Removal Efficiency ◽  
Static Granular Bed Reactor

In this study, the efficiency of an anaerobic treatment system for wastewater from a South African poultry slaughterhouse was evaluated using a lab-scale static granular bed reactor (SGBR). The down-flow SGBR (2 L) was operated continuously for 138 days under mesophilic conditions (35-37 ˚C), at hydraulic retention times (HRTs) ranging from 24 to 96 h and average organic loading rates (OLRs) of 0.78 to 5.74 g COD/L.day. The SGBR achieved an average chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency of 80% and the maximum COD removal achieved was 95%, at an HRT of 24 h and average OLR of 5.74 g COD/L.day. The optimization of the SGBR, with regard to a suitable HRT and OLR, was determined using response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal SGBR performance with regard to the maximum COD removal efficiency was predicted for an OLR of 12.49 g COD/L.day and a HRT of 24 h, resulting in a 95.5% COD removal efficiency. The model R2 of 0.9638 indicated that the model is a good fit and is suitable to predict the COD removal efficiency for the SGBR.

scholarly journals Sulfate reducing bacteria applied to domestic wastewater

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 542-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tessa van den Brand ◽  
Laura Snip ◽  
Luc Palmen ◽  
Paul Weij ◽  
Jan Sipma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Granule Formation ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Domestic Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

Abstract The application of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) to treat municipal wastewater is seldom considered. For instance, due to low sludge yield it can reduce the amount of excess sludge produced significantly. Several studies, mainly at laboratory-scale, revealed that SRB can proliferate in artificial wastewater systems at temperatures of 20°C and lower. So far, the application of SRB in a domestic wastewater treatment plant has been limited. Therefore, this study evaluates the proliferation of SRB at pilot-scale in a moderate climate. This study revealed that SRB were present and active in the pilot fed with domestic wastewater at 13°C, and outcompete methanogens. Stable, smooth and well-settled granule formation occurred, which is beneficial for full-scale application. In the Netherlands the sulfate concentration is usually low (<500 mg/L), therefore the application of SRB seems challenging as sulfate is limiting. Additional measurements indicated the presence of other sulfur sources, therefore higher sulfur levels were available, which makes it possible to remove more than 75% of the chemical oxygen demand (excluding sulfide) based on SRB activity. The beneficial application of SRB to domestic wastewater treatment might therefore be valid for more locations than initially expected.

Anaerobic treatment and biogas recovery for sago wastewater management using a fluidized bed reactor

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 141-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Saravanane ◽  
D. V.S. Murthy ◽  
K. Krishnaiah
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
High Concentration

Starch manufacturing industrial units, such as sago mills, both at medium and large scale, suffer from inadequate treatment and disposal problems due to high concentration of suspended solid content present in the effluent. In order to investigate the viability of treatment of sago effluent, a laboratory scale study was conducted. The treatment of sago effluent was studied in a continuous flow anaerobic fluidized bed reactor. The start-up of the reactor was carried out using a mixture of digested supernatant sewage sludge and cow dung slurry in different proportions. The effect of operating variables such as COD of the effluent, bed expansion, minimum fluidization velocity on efficiency of treatment and recovery of biogas was investigated. The treated wastewater was analysed for recycling and reuse to ensure an alternative for sustainable water resourse management. The maximum efficiency of treatment was found to be 82% and the nitrogen enriched digested sludge was recommended for agricultural use.

A Study of Anaerobic Treatment for Highly Concentrated SO42− + Ca2+-Rich Organic Wastewater and Purified Water Reclamation

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 123-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ding Zhou ◽  
Yanmin Chen ◽  
Xianlin Meng
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Single Cell Protein ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
Water Reclamation ◽  
Volume Loading ◽  
Fermentation Temperature

This paper reports the effects of anaerobic treatment for synthetic wastewater and SO2−+Ca2+- rich single-cell protein (SCP) wastewater in a factory. The results show that with the increase of SO2−4+Ca2+concentration, methane productivity will decrease, and that Ca2+ affects the COD removal in wastewater greatly. However, if certain compounds are added in, and acclimated, these disadvantages will be overcome satisfactorily. For SCP wastewater, the COD removal efficiency can reach 75% and methane productivity 260-320 1 CH4/kg COD under the conditions of fermentation temperature of 36±l°C and COD volume loading of 2.3-2.8 kg/m3d. Besides, the purified wastewater can basically be reclaimed.

Biofilm development during the start-up of a sulfate-reducing down-flow fluidized bed reactor at different COD/SO42− ratios and HRT

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 910-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Z. Piña-Salazar ◽  
F. J. Cervantes ◽  
M. Meraz ◽  
L. B. Celis
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactor ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Sulfate Removal ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Effective Removal ◽  
Suspended Biomass ◽  
High Sulfate ◽  
Biofilm Development

In sulfate-reducing reactors, it has been reported that the sulfate removal efficiency increases when the COD/SO42− ratio is increased. The start-up of a down-flow fluidized bed reactor constitutes an important step to establish a microbial community in the biofilm able to survive under the operational bioreactor conditions in order to achieve effective removal of both sulfate and organic matter. In this work the influence of COD/SO42− ratio and HRT in the development of a biofilm during reactor start-up (35 days) was studied. The reactor was inoculated with 1.6 g VSS/L of granular sludge, ground low density polyethylene was used as support material; the feed consisted of mineral medium at pH 5.5 containing 1 g COD/L (acetate:lactate, 70:30) and sodium sulfate. Four experiments were conducted at HRT of 1 or 2 days and COD/SO42− ratio of 0.67 or 2.5. The results obtained indicated that a COD/SO42− ratio of 2.5 and HRT 2 days allowed high sulfate and COD removal (66.1 and 69.8%, respectively), whereas maximum amount of attached biomass (1.9 g SVI/L support) and highest sulfate reducing biofilm activity (10.1 g COD-H2S/g VSS-d) was achieved at HRT of 1 day and at COD/sulfate ratios of 0.67 and 2.5, respectively, which suggests that suspended biomass also played a key role in the performance of the reactors.

COD removal efficiency and mechanism of HMBR in high volumetric loading for ship domestic sewage treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 1509-1517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linan Zhu ◽  
Hailing He ◽  
Chunli Wang
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Aeration Tank ◽  
Remarkable Effect ◽  
Cod Removal Efficiency ◽  
Volumetric Loading

The hybrid membrane bioreactor (HMBR) has been applied in ship domestic sewage treatment under high volumetric loading for ship space saving. The mechanism and influence factors on the efficiency, including hydraulic retention time (HRT), dissolved oxygen (DO) of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal were investigated. The HMBR's average COD removal rate was up to 95.13% on volumetric loading of 2.4 kgCOD/(m3•d) and the COD concentration in the effluent was 48.5 mg/L, far below the International Maritime Organization (IMO) discharge standard of 125 mg/L. DO had a more remarkable effect on the COD removal efficiency than HRT. In addition, HMBR revealed an excellent capability of resisting organics loading impact. Within the range of volumetric loading of 0.72 to 4.8 kg COD/(m3•d), the effluent COD concentration satisfied the discharge requirement of IMO. It was found that the organics degradation in the aeration tank followed the first-order reaction, with obtained kinetic parameters of vmax (2.79 d−1) and Ks (395 mg/L). The original finding of this study had shown the effectiveness of HMBR in organic contaminant degradation at high substrate concentration, which can be used as guidance in the full scale of the design, operation and maintenance of ship domestic sewage treatment devices.

Biological wastewater treatment for removal of polymeric resins in UASB reactor: influence of oxygen

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 1047-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Durán ◽  
O. Monroy ◽  
J. Gómez ◽  
F. Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Cod Removal Efficiency ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Polymeric Resins

The biological elimination of polymeric resins compounds (PRC) such as acrylic acid and their esters, vinyl acetate and styrene under methanogenic and oxygen-limited methanogenesis conditions was evaluated. Two UASB reactors (A and B) were used and the removal of the organic matter was studied in four stages. Reactor A was used as methanogenic control during the study. Initially both reactors were operated under methanogenic conditions. From the second stage reactor B was fed with 0.6 and 1 mg/L·d of oxygen (O2). Reactor A had diminution in chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency from 75±4% to 37±5%, by the increase of PRC loading rate from 750 to 1125 mg COD/L·d. In this reactor there was no styrene elimination. In reactor B the COD removal efficiency was between 73±5% and 80±2%, even with the addition of O2 and increase of the PRC loading rate, owing to oxygen being used in the partial oxidation of these compounds. In this reactor the yields were modified from 0.56 to 0.40 for CH4 and from 0.31 to 0.60 for CO2. The O2 in low concentrations increased 40.7% the consumption rates of acrylic acid, methyl acrylate and vinyl acetate, allowing styrene consumption with a rate of 0.103 g/L·d. Batch cultures demonstrated that under methanogenic and oxygen-limited methanogenesis conditions, the glucose was not used as an electron acceptor in the elimination of PRC.

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