Comparison of multi-enzyme and thermophilic bacteria on the hydrolysis of mariculture organic waste (MOW)

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 1978-1985
Author(s):  
Liang Guo ◽  
Mei Sun ◽  
Yan Zong ◽  
Yangguo Zhao ◽  
Mengchun Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Thermophilic Bacteria ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Enzyme Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Time ◽  
Soluble Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Substrate Concentrations

Mariculture organic waste (MOW) is rich in organic matter, which is a potential energy resource for anaerobic digestion. In order to enhance the anaerobic fermentation, the MOW was hydrolyzed by multi-enzyme and thermophilic bacteria. It was advantageous for soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) release at MOW concentrations of 6 and 10 g/L with multi-enzyme and thermophilic bacteria pretreatments. For multi-enzyme, the hydrolysis was not obvious at substrate concentrations of 1 and 3 g/L, and the protein and carbohydrate increased with hydrolysis time at substrate concentrations of 6 and 10 g/L. For thermophilic bacteria, the carbohydrate was first released at 2–4 h and then consumed, and the protein increased with hydrolysis time. The optimal enzyme hydrolysis for MOW was determined by measuring the changes of SCOD, protein, carbohydrate, ammonia and total phosphorus, and comparing with acid and alkaline pretreatments.

Effect of Ultrasonic Energy Density of Ultrasonic Sludge Hydrolysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 1092-1093 ◽  
pp. 844-847
Author(s):  
Yu Chen ◽  
Lin Hao ◽  
Dong Mei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Ultrasonic Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Evaluation Index ◽  
Index Study ◽  
Sludge Hydrolysis ◽  
Soluble Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Regard the added soluble chemical oxygen demand value (SCOD), TN, TP, VFA as the evaluation index, study the hydrolysis effect of different ultrasonic intensity of sewage sludge. The results show that: with the energy density of 0.75W/L, 1.5W/L, 3W/L after ultrasonic treatment of sludge, SCOD than the original clay increased a lot. Hydrolysis of five days later, having little difference of SCOD concentration in the sludge, and the 0.75W/L SCOD reached the peak, indicating little sound energy density difference of SCOD in sludge, and the low energy density effected better, while the concentration of TN, TP, VFA were increased with the increase of the energy density.

Process enhancement for maximization of methane production in codigestion biogas plants

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea G Capodaglio ◽  
Ezio Ranieri ◽  
Vincenzo Torretta
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
Traditional Process ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop improvements in the efficiency of the codigestion process. Design/methodology/approach – Two pilot plants, fed by different compositions of manure and industrial organic waste, generating biogas by mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic fermentation, respectively, were analysed. Findings – It was observed that these processes do not commonly operate at maximum theoretical efficiency. Research limitations/implications – The limiting factor in the process was found to be the hydrolysis of the digested material. Practical implications – A technical solution had been suggested: implementing a secondary (after) storage phase which has the purpose of exploiting, by promoting enhanced hydrolysis, the substrate potential that remains undigested after the traditional process. Originality/value – The proposed configuration opens to original variations in the anaerobic digestion schemes.

METHOD JUSTIFICATION OF Β-GALACTOSIDASE ACTIVITY OF ENZYME PREPARATION

1970 ◽  
pp. 65-68
Author(s):  
Е. М. Serba ◽  
М. B. Overchenko ◽  
N. I. Ignatova ◽  
М. Е. Medrish ◽  
L. V. Rimareva
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Oxidase ◽  
Performance Studies ◽  
Enzyme Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Time ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Optimum Parameters ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Reliable Performance ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Enzyme preparations - sources of β-galactosidase, are widely used in the dairy industry. However, there is no standardized methods to determine their activity. Existing methods differ by the type of substrate used, conditions of analysis and how to define the products of the hydrolysis. The aim of this work is to study the process of conversion biocatalytic milk sugar and experimental substantiation of methods of analysis of hydrolysis products, providing reliable results determine activity of β-galactosidase. Found that of chemical methods glucose oxidase showed a greater sensitivity towards low concentrations of the product of hydrolysis is glucose formed in the conversion process lactose. The results of testing showed that the mass concentration of the glucose formed in hydrolysis of lactose, HPLC tested, consistent with data obtained using the glucose oxidase method. Set optimum range, which was observed directly proportional to the level of glucose concentration rise in reaction mixture from the lengthy process and the concentration of enzyme:  hydrolysis time - from 10 to 20 min, produced   glucose - from 20 µcg to 40 mcg, while the mass of enzyme - 25.0·10-6, and from 40 mcg to 80 mcg, when mass -5,0·10-5 g.  When the values of absorbance of the reaction mixture ranged 0,045-0,300 to ensure reliable performance. Studies on determination of the activity of the enzyme preparations confirmed received experimental data and allowed to choose optimum parameters and conditions analysis for introducing them to the method for determining the activity β-galactosidase using glucose oxidase reagent: time of inactivation enzyme (control) -10 min.  in a boiling water bath, substrate - 2% solution of lactose, pH of the substrate-6,0, hydrolysis time 15 min. at 30° c.

scholarly journals Calcium Peroxide Promoted Anaerobic Co-digestion of Plant Waste and Excess Sludge to Produce Methane

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongliang Wang ◽  
Xiaohui Zhou ◽  
Bin Dai ◽  
Xiaoqiang Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Excess Sludge ◽  
Calcium Peroxide ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Plant Waste ◽  
Soluble Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Optimal Mixing

Abstract Plant waste (PW) and excess sludge (ES) are two main organic matters of municipal solid waste. However, there are few reports on their anaerobic co-digestion. In this work, the mixed proportion of PW and ES anaerobic co digestion was first optimized at mesophilic temperature, and then the anaerobic co-digestion of PW and ES was enhanced with strong oxidant calcium peroxide (CP). The results showed that the optimal mixing ratio of PW and ES was 1/1 (in terms of volatile solids), and the C/N of mixed digestion substrate was 23.5/1, the maximum methane production was 172.6 mL/g (in terms of volatile solids). CP could enhance methane production from anaerobic co-digestion of PW and ES. When the content of CP was 0.2 g/g (in terms of total suspended solids), the maximum methane production was 234.8 mL/g, about 1.4 times of the blank. The mechanism investigation showed that CP promoted the release of organic matter during the co-digestion, and the higher the content of CP, the greater the release of soluble chemical oxygen demand. The presence of appropriate amount of CP promoted the activities of key enzymes in anaerobic fermentation process, and then increased the efficiency of methane production. The results of this work provide an alternative strategy for the resource utilization of PW and ES.

Evaluation of non-thermal effects by microwave irradiation in hydrolysis of waste-activated sludge

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 742-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. G. Byun ◽  
J. H. Lee ◽  
J. M. Lee ◽  
J. S. Lim ◽  
T. J. Park
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Thermal Effect ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Conventional Heating ◽  
Waste Activated Sludge ◽  
Molecular Formula ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Soluble Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The activation energy (Ea) for waste-activated sludge (WAS) hydrolysis was compared between microwave irradiation (MW) and conventional heating (CH) methods to evaluate the non-thermal effect of MW. The microwave-assisted hydrolysis of WAS was assumed to follow the first-order kinetics on the basis of volatile suspended solids (VSS) conversion to soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) for different initial VSS concentrations. By comparing the VSS decrement and the SCOD increment between MW and CH at different absolute temperatures of 323, 348 and 373 K, the average ratio of VSS conversion to SCOD was determined to range from 1.42 to 1.64 g SCOD/g VSS. These results corresponded to the theoretical value of 1.69 g SCOD/g VSS based on the assumption that the molecular formula of sludge was C10H19O3N. Consequently, the Ea of the MW-assisted WAS hydrolysis was much lower than that of CH for the same temperature conditions. The non-thermal effect of MW in the hydrolysis of WAS could be identified with the lower Ea than that of CH.

The effects of anaerobic fermentation on dehydrated sludge

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 2630-2636
Author(s):  
Haowen Lu ◽  
Ruihua Dai ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Anan Song ◽  
Xiang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Acid Yield ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Soluble Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Sludge Properties ◽  
Main Factor

Dehydrated sludge with two concentrations of total suspended solids (high: 50 g/L TSS; low: 20 g/L TSS) were studied for 20 d to investigate the effects of anaerobic fermentation on sludge properties. The results showed that the soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) of high-concentration sludge was 16.53 g/L, much higher than that from the low one. The SCOD/total nitrogen ratio of high-concentration sludge varied from 8 to 14.29 g/g, indicating that the sludge could serve as a carbon source for biological denitrification. High-concentration sludge showed a short-chain fatty acid yield of 11.29 g COD/L, much higher than that from low-concentration sludge. The specific resistance of the sludge to filtration (SRF) increased with fermentation time. The quantity of low-speed centrifugation substances (LSCS) was the main factor that influenced the reduction of dehydration. The correlation coefficient between the SRF and protein content in the LSCS layer was significantly positive.

ENZYME HYDROLYSIS OF PURIFIED HCG

1969 ◽  
Vol 61 (1_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S219
Author(s):  
Carl Beling ◽  
Ronald Stark
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Effect of addition of anaerobic fermented OFMSW (organic fraction of municipal solid waste) on biological nutrient removal (BNR) process: preliminary results

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Pavan ◽  
P. Battistoni ◽  
P. Traverso ◽  
A. Musacco ◽  
F. Cecchi
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Organic Fraction ◽  
P Release ◽  
Pure Methanol ◽  
P Removal

The paper presents results coming from experiments on pilot scale plants about the possibility to integrate the organic waste and wastewater treatment cycles, using the light organic fraction produced via anaerobic fermentation of OFMSW as RBCOD source for BNR processes. The effluent from the anaerobic fermentation process, with an average content of 20 g/l of VFA+ lactic acid was added to wastewater to be treated in order to increase RBCOD content of about 60-70 mg/l. The results obtained in the BNR process through the addition of the effluent from the fermentation unit are presented. Significant increase of denitrification rate was obtained: 0.06 KgN-NO3/KgVSS d were denitrified in the best operative conditions studied. -Vmax shows values close to those typical of the pure methanol addition (about 0.3 KgN-NO3/KgVSS d). A considerable P release (35%) was observed in the anaerobic step of the BNR process, even if not yet a completely developed P removal process.

scholarly journals Anaerobic hydrolysis of complex substrates in full-scale aerobic granular sludge: enzymatic activity determined in different sludge fractions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Toja Ortega ◽  
Mario Pronk ◽  
Merle K. de Kreuk
Keyword(s):  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Hydrolytic Activity ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Aerobic Granular Sludge ◽  
Bulk Liquid ◽  
Granule Formation ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Abstract Complex substrates, like proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, are major components of domestic wastewater, and yet their degradation in biofilm-based wastewater treatment technologies, such as aerobic granular sludge (AGS), is not well understood. Hydrolysis is considered the rate-limiting step in the bioconversion of complex substrates, and as such, it will impact the utilization of a large wastewater COD (chemical oxygen demand) fraction by the biofilms or granules. To study the hydrolysis of complex substrates within these types of biomass, this paper investigates the anaerobic activity of major hydrolytic enzymes in the different sludge fractions of a full-scale AGS reactor. Chromogenic substrates were used under fully mixed anaerobic conditions to determine lipase, protease, α-glucosidase, and β-glucosidase activities in large granules (>1 mm in diameter), small granules (0.2–1 mm), flocculent sludge (0.045–0.2 mm), and bulk liquid. Furthermore, composition and hydrolytic activity of influent wastewater samples were determined. Our results showed an overcapacity of the sludge to hydrolyze wastewater soluble and colloidal polymeric substrates. The highest specific hydrolytic activity was associated with the flocculent sludge fraction (1.5–7.5 times that of large and smaller granules), in agreement with its large available surface area. However, the biomass in the full-scale reactor consisted of 84% large granules, making the large granules account for 55–68% of the total hydrolytic activity potential in the reactor. These observations shine a new light on the contribution of large granules to the conversion of polymeric COD and suggest that large granules can hydrolyze a significant amount of this influent fraction. The anaerobic removal of polymeric soluble and colloidal substrates could clarify the stable granule formation that is observed in full-scale installations, even when those are fed with complex wastewaters. Key points • Large and small granules contain >70% of the hydrolysis potential in an AGS reactor. • Flocculent sludge has high hydrolytic activity but constitutes <10% VS in AGS. • AGS has an overcapacity to hydrolyze complex substrates in domestic wastewater. Graphical abstract

Treatment of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Supernatants Using Aerobic Attached–Growth System: Trickling Filter as a Case Study

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Zuhairi Abdullah ◽  
Mohamad Hakimi Ibrahim ◽  
Mohd. Omar Ab. Kadir
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Trickling Filter ◽  
Biomass Hydrolysis ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Kertas kerja ini membincangkan tentang kecekapan penuras cucur dalam merawat supernatan kumbahan kilang kelapa sawit (POME). Supernatan POME diperoleh menerusi dua jenis perawatan. Dalam perawatan 1, pengendapan graviti digunakan untuk menyingkir pepejal boleh mendak. Perawatan 2 digunakan untuk menyingkir pepejal boleh mendak dan gumpalan partikal dengan menggunakan 350 ppm alum. Influen dialurkan secara titisan pada biojisim yang terlekat pada penyokong pepejal rawak PVC setinggi 1 m. Penuras cucur berupaya menyingkir lebih daripada 90.0% dari keperluan oksigen biologi (BOD) dan keperluan oksigen kimia (COD) di bawah 1 m3/m2–hari. Pada 2.53 m3/m2–hari, influen dengan Perawatan 1 menghasilkan kecekapan penyingkiran COD sebanyak 40.3%, berbanding 83.1% bila Perawatan 2 digunakan. Perkara ini berlaku berikutan penyingkiran bahan organik tak boleh resap semasa Perawatan 2. Kecekapan penyingkiran menurun dengan meningkatnya bebanan hidraulik kerana wujudnya kelemahan dalam hidrolisis bahan tak boleh resap kepada substratum larut. Dengan edaran semula (α=1), penyingkiran BOD dan COD yang lebih tinggi dicapai di bawah 7 m3/m2–hari. Pencapaian ini disebabkan oleh bebanan organik yang lebih rendah serta pergedaran semula enzim dan biojisim yang aktif kepada sistem. Perawatan 2 menghasilkan enap cemar yang lebih tinggi kerana penukaran substratum boleh larut kepada biojisim tak boleh larut. Hidrolisis bahan organik tak boleh resap didapati berlaku secara aktif pada bahagian atas penuras cucur sementara bahagian bawahnya cenderung mengoksidakan substratum organik. Kata kunci: POME, turas cucur, bahan organik bolehresap, penggumpalan, alir semula This paper discusses the efficiency of a trickling filter to treat Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) supernatants. POME supernatants were obtained via two treatments. In Treatment 1, gravity sedimentation was used to remove settleable solids. In Treatment 2, both settleable solids and colloidal particles were removed using 350 ppm of alum. The influents were allowed to trickle over biomass attached to 1 m high random PVC solid support. Below 1 m3/m2–day, the filter demonstrated Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal efficiencies of more than 90.0%. At 2.53 m3/m2–day, the influent with Treatment 1 gave a COD removal efficiency of 40.3%, but increased to 83.1% when the influent with Treatment 2 was used. This was ascribed to the removal of non–diffusible organics during Treatment 2. The removal efficiencies decreased with an increase in hydraulic loading due to limitations in the hydrolysis of non–diffusibles into soluble substrates. With recirculation (α=1), higher BOD and COD removals were achieved below 7.0 m3/m2–day, attributed to lower organic loading and the recycling of active enzyme and biomass to the system. The influent with Treatment 2 demonstrated higher sludge production due to higher conversion of soluble substrates into insoluble biomass. Hydrolysis of non–diffusible organics mainly took place at upper reaches of the filter column while lower reaches were involved in oxidizing the organic subtrates. Key words: POME, trickling filter, diffusible organic, coagulation, recirculation

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