Biohydrogen production from tequila vinasses using a fixed bed reactor

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 1919-1925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Germán Buitrón ◽  
Dorian Prato-Garcia ◽  
Axue Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Equivalent Mass ◽  
Acidic Conditions ◽  
Fermentative Process ◽  
Tequila Vinasses

In Mexico, the industrial production of tequila leads to the discharge of more than 31.2 million of m3 of vinasse, which causes serious environmental issues because of its acidity, high organic load and the presence of recalcitrant compounds. The aim of this research was to study the feasibility of a fixed bed reactor for the production of biohydrogen by using tequila vinasse as substrate. The experiments were carried out in a continuous mode under mesophilic and acidic conditions. The maximum hydrogen yield and hydrogen production rate were 1.3 mol H2 mol/mol glucose and 72 ± 9 mL H2/(Lreactor h), respectively. Biogas consisted of carbon dioxide (36%) and hydrogen (64%); moreover methane was not observed. The electron-equivalent mass balance fitted satisfactorily (sink of electrons from 0.8 to 7.6%). For vinasses, hydrogen production accounted for 10.9% of the total available electron-equivalents. In the liquid phase, the principal metabolites identified were acetic, butyric and iso-butyric acids, which indicated a butyrate–acetate type fermentation. Tequila vinasses did not result in potential inhibition of the fermentative process. Considering the process as a water treatment system, only 20% of the original carbon was removed (as carbon dioxide and biomass) when the tequila vinasses are used.

Hydrogen Production from Ethanol Steam Reforming over Ni-Cu/ZnO Catalyst

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 1067-1072
Author(s):  
Li Ping Liu ◽  
Xiao Jian Ma ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Ya Nan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Ethanol Steam Reforming ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Ethanol Steam

Hydrogen production by ethanol steam reforming over Ni-Cu/ZnO catalyst in the temperatures range of 250-550°C was studied on a fixed bed reactor. The effects of reaction temperature and water/ethanol molar ratio on hydrogen production were investigated. The structure and surface characteristics of the catalyst were measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential thermal analyzer (TG-DSC). The results show that the Ni-Cu/ZnO catalyst has good catalytic performance with higher hydrogen yield of 4.87molH2/molEtOH reacted. A comparison of hydrogen production from ethanol steam reforming over Ni-Cu/ZnO catalyst with over a commercial catalyst was made in this paper.

Hydrogen production by steam reforming of glycerol over Ni/Ce/Cu hydroxyapatite-supported catalysts

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukman Hakim ◽  
Zahira Yaakob ◽  
Manal Ismail ◽  
Wan Daud ◽  
Ratna Sari
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Supported Catalyst ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Glycerol Conversion

AbstractHydroxyapatite-supported Ni-Ce-Cu catalysts were synthesised and tested to study their potential for use in the steam reforming of glycerol to produce hydrogen. The catalysts were prepared by the deposition-precipitation method with variable nickel, cerium, and copper loadings. The performance of the catalysts was evaluated in terms of hydrogen yield at 600°C in a tubular fixed-bed microreactor. All catalysts were characterised by the BET surface area, XRD, TPR, TEM, and FE-SEM techniques. The reaction time was 240 min in a fixed-bed reactor at 600°C and atmospheric pressure with a water-to-glycerol feed molar ratio of 8: 1. It was found that the Ni-Ce-Cu (3 mass %-7.5 mass %-7.5 mass %) hydroxyapatite-supported catalyst afforded the highest hydrogen yield (57.5 %), with a glycerol conversion rate of 97.3 %. The results indicate that Ni/Ce/Cu/hydroxyapatite has great potential as a catalyst for hydrogen production by steam reforming of glycerol.

scholarly journals Hydrogen production from cassava processing wastewater in an anaerobic fixed bed reactor with bamboo as a support material

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 578-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiane L. Andreani ◽  
Douglas G. B. Torres ◽  
Leonardo Schultz ◽  
Karina Q. de Carvalho ◽  
Simone D. Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Total Sugar Content ◽  
Working Volume ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

Attempting to associate waste treatment to the production of clean and renewable energy, this research sought to evaluate the biological production of hydrogen using wastewater from the cassava starch treatment industry, generated during the processes of extraction and purification of starch. This experiment was carried out in a continuous anaerobic reactor with a working volume of 3L, with bamboo stems as the support medium. The system was operated at a temperature of 36°C, an initial pH of 6.0 and under variations of organic load. The highest rate of hydrogen production, of 1.1 L.d-1.L-1, was obtained with application of an organic loading rate of 35 g.L-1.d-1, in terms of total sugar content and hydraulic retention time of 3h, with a prevalence of butyric and acetic acids as final products of the fermentation process. Low C/N ratios contributed to the excessive growth of the biomass, causing a reduction of up to 35% in hydrogen production, low percentages of H2 and high concentrations of CO2in the biogas.

Steam Reforming of Model Compounds from Bio-Oil for Hydrogen Production over Pd/HZSM-5 Catalyst

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 558-562
Author(s):  
Qi Wang ◽  
Long Guo ◽  
Xin Bao Li
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Wet Impregnation ◽  
Product Gas ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
H2 Yield

Ethanol was selected as a model compound of bio-oil. Pd/HZSM-5 catalyst with 5%wt Pd was prepared by wet impregnation method. The steam reforming experiment for hydrogen production was carried out on a fixed bed reactor. The carbon conversion, carbon selectivity of product gas and H2 yield was calculated according the experimental resultsl. It has been found that the best performance was obtained at T=700°C, S/C=9.2 and GC1HSV=346h-1. At this condition, the hydrogen yield and potential hydrogen yield can be as high as 58.1% and 84.3%. The results show that the addition of Pd to HZSM-5 can improve the reforming performance and increase the hydrogen yield.

scholarly journals Producing Hydrogen-rich Gas by Fresh Biomass Co-pyrolysis with Additive

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Fresh Biomass ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Shift Reaction ◽  
Pyrolysis Of Biomass ◽  
Water Gas

<p>Pyrolysis properties of fresh ficus lacor leaves with moisture content of 70<em>wt</em>. % was investigated in a TGA setup. The effects of different operating parameters on pyrolysis of biomass were studied in a fixed-bed reactor system. With addition of CaO, there showed an additional decrease in weight at temperature range of 382~490 <sup>o</sup>C, but 12<em>wt</em>. % weight was recovered in the first stage (40~220 <sup>o</sup>C). Fresh biomass pyrolysis was calculated to be first order reaction with activation energy about 29.8 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>. Activation energy was lowered to 20.4 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> by addition of CaO. With scope of temperature studied, higher temperature was found always favor hydrogen production during pyrolysis of fresh biomass. Carbonation and hydration of CaO enhanced water gas shift reaction (WGS) which led to hydrogen yield increasing. The highest hydrogen content (around 70<em>vol</em>. %) of hydrogen concentration and hydrogen yield (23.2 ml g<sup>-1</sup><sub>-biomass</sub>) were achieved when CaO/biomass mass ratio increased to 0.3. Pyrolysis of fresh biomass without pre-drying showed the potential of hydrogen production.</p>

scholarly journals Ca-Modified Co/SBA-15 Catalysts for Hydrogen Production through Ethanol Steam Reforming

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen-Bin Wang ◽  
Siao Wun Liu ◽  
Kuan Fu Ho ◽  
Hsin Hua Huang ◽  
Chih Wei Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Coke Deposition ◽  
Incipient Wetness Impregnation ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Steam Reforming Of Ethanol ◽  
Incipient Wetness

Hydrogen production through steam reforming of ethanol (SRE) over the Ca-modified Co/SBA-15 catalysts was studied herein to evaluate the catalytic activity, stability and the behavior of coke deposition. The Ca-modified SBA-15 supports were prepared from the Ca(NO3)2·4H2O (10 wt%) which was incorporated to SBA-15 by incipient wetness impregnation (assigned as Ca/SBA-15) and direct hydrothermal (assigned as Ca-SBA-15) method. The active cobalt species from the Co(NO3)2·6H2O (10 wt%) was loaded to SiO2, SBA-15 and modified-SBA-15 supports with incipient wetness impregnation method to obtain the cobalt catalysts (named as Co/SiO2, Co/SBA-15, Co-Ca/SBA-15 and Co/Ca-SBA-15, respectively). The prepared catalysts were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature programmed reduction (TPR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and BET. The catalytic performance of the SRE reaction was evaluated in a fixed-bed reactor. The results indicated that the Co/Ca-SBA-15 catalyst was preferential among these catalysts and the ethanol can be converted completely at 375 °C. The hydrogen yield (YH2) approached 4.76 at 500 °C and less coke deposited. Further, the long-term stability test of this catalyst approached 100 h at 500 °C and did not deactivate.

Activity of Copper and Nickel Loaded on HZSM-5Zeolite Based Catalyst for Steam Reforming of Glycerol to Hydrogen

2014 ◽  
Vol 699 ◽  
pp. 504-509
Author(s):  
Hafizah Abdul Halim Yun ◽  
Ramli Mat ◽  
Tuan Amran Tuan Abdullah ◽  
Mahadhir Mohamed ◽  
Anwar Johariand Asmadi Ali
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Zeolite Catalysts ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Glycerol Conversion

The study focuses on hydrogen production via glycerol steam reforming over copper and nickel loaded on HZSM-5 zeolite based catalyst. The catalysts were prepared by using different loading amount of copper (0-10wt%) and nickel (0-10wt%) on HZSM-5 zeolite catalysts through wet impregnation method and was characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The performances of catalysts were evaluated in terms of glycerol conversion and hydrogen production at 500°C using 6:1 of water to glycerol molar ratio (WGMR) in a tubular fixed bed reactor. All the catalysts had achieved more than 85% of glycerol conversion except that of 5%Cu loaded on HZSM-5 catalyst. The addition of nickel into 5% Cu/HZSM-5 catalyst had increased the hydrogen yield. Similar trend was observed when copper was added into Ni/HZSM-5 catalyst but using copper loaded on HZSM-5 alone was unable to produce hydrogen compared to using nickel catalyst alone. It showed that copper acted as a promoter for hydrogen production. It was established that a 5wt% of Cu with 10wt% of Ni loaded on HZSM-5 catalyst showed significant improvement in terms of hydrogen yield and gaseous product compositions at selected operating conditions.

HYDROGEN PRODUCTION FROM STEAM PYROLYSIS-GASIFICATION OF SUGARCANE LEAVES WITH SORBENT-CATALYSTS

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (6-6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teerayut Bunma ◽  
Prapan Kuchonthara
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Supported Catalysts ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Co2 Absorption ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Drop Tube ◽  
High Hydrogen ◽  
Gasification Temperature

In this work, the hydrogen production during biomass steam pyrolysis-gasification with a combined catalysts and sorbent. The biomass sample was originated from sugarcane leaves. The combined catalyst and sorbent (NiO-MgO-CaO/γ-Al2O3) was prepared by an excess-solution impregnation method and the property of fresh and used catalysts was characterized using XRD. The prepared sorbent-catalysts promoted both tar reforming and CO2 absorption. High hydrogen production was achieved due to the enhanced water–gas shift reaction by the latter. The pyrolysis-gasification experiments were conducted in a drop tube two-stage fixed bed reactor. The effect of operating parameters such as the amount of MgO (3, 5 and 10 wt.%) and CaO (3, 5 and 10 wt.%) on supported catalysts and the gasification temperatures (600, 700 and 800 oC) were investigated. It was found that the highest hydrogen yield of 23.2 mmol H2/gbiomass was attained using the Ni10Mg5Ca5 catalyst at the gasification temperature of 600 oC. However, the maximum of tar conversion was observed around 78 wt.% at gasification temperature up to 800 oC.

Hydrogen production by glycerol reforming in a fixed-bed reactor

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (24) ◽  
pp. 2195-2202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanzhi Xin ◽  
Xu Qingli ◽  
Liao Lifang ◽  
Yan Yongjie
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Glycerol Reforming
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