Assessment of a tannin-based organic polymer to harvest Chlorella vulgaris biomass from swine wastewater digestate phycoremediation

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 888-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Mezzari ◽  
M. L. B. da Silva ◽  
M. Pirolli ◽  
S. Perazzoli ◽  
R. L. R. Steinmetz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Swine Wastewater ◽  
Organic Polymer ◽  
Chlorella Sp ◽  
Flocculation Efficiency ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Biomass Recovery ◽  
Alternative Choice ◽  
Interesting Alternative

This study investigated the efficiency of an organic tannin polymer alone or amended with polyacrylamide to harvest Chlorella vulgaris biomass grown in a laboratory-scale photobioreactor treating swine wastewater digestate. The effect of biomass concentration, tannin (TAN) dosages and changes in pH were evaluated in jar test experiments. Among the TAN concentrations tested (11, 22, 44, 89, 178 mg L−1), 11 mg L−1 showed the highest biomass recovery (97%). The highest coagulation/ flocculation efficiencies were obtained at pH 5 to 7. Flocculation efficiency improved from 50 to 97% concomitant with the increasing biomass concentrations from 45 to 165 mg L−1, respectively. Recovery efficiencies above 95% were achieved with the same TAN dosage (11 mg L−1) irrespective of the concentration of organic carbon present (75 to 300 mg TOC L−1). Overall, the results suggest that TAN could become an interesting alternative choice of non-toxic organic polymer for harvesting Chlorella sp. from organic-rich wastewater.

scholarly journals Optimization of heterotrophic cultivation of Chlorella sp. HS2 using screening, statistical assessment, and validation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hee Su Kim ◽  
Won-Kun Park ◽  
Bongsoo Lee ◽  
Gyeongho Seon ◽  
William I. Suh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Chlorella Sp ◽  
Bg11 Medium ◽  
Heterotrophic Cultivation ◽  
Dipotassium Phosphate ◽  
Burman Design ◽  
Major Nutrients

AbstractThe heterotrophic cultivation of microalgae has a number of notable advantages, which include allowing high culture density levels as well as enabling the production of biomass in consistent and predictable quantities. In this study, the full potential of Chlorella sp. HS2 is explored through optimization of the parameters for its heterotrophic cultivation. First, carbon and nitrogen sources were screened in PhotobioBox. Initial screening using the Plackett-Burman design (PBD) was then adopted and the concentrations of the major nutrients (glucose, sodium nitrate, and dipotassium phosphate) were optimized via response surface methodology (RSM) with a central composite design (CCD). Upon validation of the model via flask-scale cultivation, the optimized BG11 medium was found to result in a three-fold improvement in biomass amounts, from 5.85 to 18.13 g/L, in comparison to a non-optimized BG11 medium containing 72 g/L glucose. Scaling up the cultivation to a 5-L fermenter resulted in a greatly improved biomass concentration of 35.3 g/L owing to more efficient oxygenation of the culture. In addition, phosphorus feeding fermentation was employed in an effort to address early depletion of phosphate, and a maximum biomass concentration of 42.95 g/L was achieved, with biomass productivity of 5.37 g/L/D.

scholarly journals Optimization of coagulation-flocculation parameters using a photometric dispersion analyser

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Ramphal ◽  
M. S. Sibiya
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Calcium Carbonate Precipitation ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Flocculation Efficiency ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Slaked Lime ◽  
Photometric Dispersion

Abstract. The size and structural characteristics of floc particles are important design and control parameters in water treatment and should be rapidly monitored with a reasonable amount of accuracy. In this study, a photometric dispersion analyser (PDA) coupled to standard jar test experiments was used to optimize coagulation-flocculation parameters while monitoring floc size and structure as well as the rate of floc formation during coagulation using alum. The optimal coagulation conditions were as follows: sample pH 8; alum dosage, 3 mg L−1 as Al3+; G value, 172 s−1; rapid mixing time, 20 s. These conditions resulted in unstable treated water having a calcium carbonate precipitation potential (CCPP) of −15 mg L−1 as CaCO3 and required a slaked lime dosage of 17 mg L−1 as CaCO3 to equilibrate CCPP to acceptable levels. PDA data revealed that aggregation rate and steady-state variance are primary parameters as both have substantial influence on coagulation-flocculation efficiency. However, the average steady state ratio, although an important parameter, had a lessened impact on coagulation-flocculation efficiency. The results of this study showed that the PDA instrument is an important tool in coagulation kinetic studies and can be employed as an additional tool in the optimization of coagulation conditions.

Plantago psyllium-Grafted-Polyacrylonitrile—Synthesis, Characterization and Its Use in Suspended and Dissolved Solid Removal from Textile Effluent

2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajani Srinivasan ◽  
Monika Agarwal ◽  
Anuradha Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Redox System ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Textile Effluent ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Flocculation Efficiency ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Plantago Psyllium ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid

Abstract Grafted copolymer of Plantago psyllium mucilage and acrylonitrile has been synthesized in the presence of nitrogen using ceric ion-nitric acid redox system. P. psyllium-grafted-polyacrylonitrile (PSY-g-PAN) was characterized by IR spectroscopy and tested for its flocculation efficiency in textile effluent by the standard jar test method. The effects of polymer dose, pH and contact time on the removal of solid waste from textile effluent is reported. The optimum dose was found to be 1.6 mg/L, at which a maximum solid removal of 94% suspended solid (SS) and 80% total dissolved solid (TDS) was seen. The most suitable pH was acidic (pH 4.0) and neutral (pH 7.0), for SS and TDS removal, respectively. The optimum treatment duration was 1 hour. X-ray analysis of PSY-g-PAN and solid waste from effluent before and after treatment suggests the interaction of the solid waste with the PSY-g-PAN copolymer.

scholarly journals Characterization Chlorophytas microalgae with potential in the production of lipids for biofuels

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis-Lorena Jaimes-Duarte ◽  
Wilder Soler-Mendoza ◽  
Josman Velasco-Mendoza ◽  
Yaneth Muñoz-Peñaloza ◽  
Néstor-Andrés Urbina-Suárez
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Production Yield ◽  
Selective Media ◽  
Media Control ◽  
Chlorella Sp ◽  
Nutritional Conditions ◽  
Potential Applications

This work is part of a megaproject that seeks to isolate microalgae of the Chlorophyta division native to Norte de Santander and identify their potential applications such as lipid production to be used as biofuel. Here we present the isolation of 11 microalgae strains from the Chlorophyta division found in two different wastewater environments. The collected strains were cultivated in selective media and purified through serial dilutions, depletion culture, and application of penicillin and gentamicin. Biomass production was evaluated and two strains were selected: CHL1 (Chlorella sp.) and DES1 (Desmodesmus sp.). The strains were cultivated on wastewater and PCG media (control), and their biomass concentration and lipid content were measured. Both strains reached similar biomass concentrations compared to their respective controls (CHL1 PCG 1.5 mg/L ± 0.035 mg/L, CHL1 AR 1.68 mg/L ± 0.036, DES1 PCG 1.66 mg/L ± 0.007, DES1 AR 2 mg/L ± 0.03) and their lipid content was slightly higher compared to their controls. The results show that the isolated and evaluated strains may have potential to be lipid producers, since their environmental and nutritional conditions have not been modified yet and adaptation may improve the production yield of lipids.

scholarly journals Assessment of Domestic Wastewaters as Potential Growth Media for Chlorella vulgaris and Haematococcus pluvialis

2022 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 565-580
Author(s):  
Yeong Hwang Tan ◽  
Mee Kin Chai ◽  
Yang Kai Ooi ◽  
Ling Shing Wong
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Haematococcus Pluvialis ◽  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Nutrient Removal Efficiency

Domestic wastewater contains chemical compounds that can be used as nutrients for microalgae. Removing these chemical compounds from wastewater by microalgae might help in reducing the operation cost of wastewater management while minimizing the cultivation cost for large-scale microalgae metabolite production. In this study, domestic wastewater collected from Indah Water Konsortium (IWK), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, was assessed as growth media for two types of microalgae, namely Chlorella vulgaris and Haematococcus pluvialis. The biomass growth and nutrient removal efficiency of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and total ammonia (TAN) in different concentrations of diluted wastewater were measured. The results showed that biomass concentration (0.227 g/L), biomass productivity (0.029 g/L/day), and specific growth rate (0,284 d-1) yielded by C. vulgaris in 14 days of 80% wastewater were comparable to those microalgae grew in standard Bold’s Basal medium (BBM). Besides, C. vulgaris grew in 50% wastewater to remove TN, TP, and TAN with the highest removal efficiency (>88%). For H. pluvialis, the biomass concentration in all wastewater concentrations was lower than BBM. The removal efficiencies of TN and TP were lower than 55%, but more than 80% for removal efficiency of TAN in 50% and 80% wastewater. Hence, C. vulgaris has better growth performance and nutrient removal efficiency than H. pluvialis. These findings indicated that IWK domestic wastewater could be used as growth media for microalgae, especially C. vulgaris.

scholarly journals Isolation and characterization of Chlorella sp. mutants with enhanced thermo- and CO2 tolerances for CO2 sequestration and utilization of flue gases

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsiang-Hui Chou ◽  
Hsiang-Yen Su ◽  
Xiang-Di Song ◽  
Te-Jin Chow ◽  
Chun-Yen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Industrial Plants ◽  
Chlorella Sp ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Gas Removal

Abstract Background The increasing emission of flue gas from industrial plants contributes to environmental pollution, global warming, and climate change. Microalgae have been considered excellent biological materials for flue gas removal, particularly CO2 mitigation. However, tolerance to high temperatures is also critical for outdoor microalgal mass cultivation. Therefore, flue gas- and thermo-tolerant mutants of Chlorella vulgaris ESP-31 were generated and characterized for their ability to grow under various conditions. Results In this study, we obtained two CO2- and thermo-tolerant mutants of Chlorella vulgaris ESP-31, namely, 283 and 359, with enhanced CO2 tolerance and thermo-tolerance by using N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NTG) mutagenesis followed by screening at high temperature and under high CO2 conditions with the w-zipper pouch selection method. The two mutants exhibited higher photosynthetic activity and biomass productivity than that of the ESP-31 wild type. More importantly, the mutants were able to grow at high temperature (40 °C) and a high concentration of simulated flue gas (25% CO2, 80–90 ppm SO2, 90–100 ppm NO) and showed higher carbohydrate and lipid contents than did the ESP-31 wild type. Conclusions The two thermo- and flue gas-tolerant mutants of Chlorella vulgaris ESP-31 were useful for CO2 mitigation from flue gas under heated conditions and for the production of carbohydrates and biodiesel directly using CO2 from flue gas.

Assessing the effects of operating parameters on flocculation of Chlorella vulgaris using bioflocculants extracted from miscellaneous waste biomass

2021 ◽  
Vol 287 ◽  
pp. 04004
Author(s):  
Zhi Min Ng ◽  
Uganeeswary Suparmaniam ◽  
Man Kee Lam ◽  
Jun Wei Lim ◽  
Siew Hoong Shuit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Peanut Shell ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Microalgae Harvesting ◽  
Flocculation Efficiency ◽  
Harvesting Method ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cockle Shell

Harvesting of microalgae is one of the main challenges in the production of biodiesel due to the small cell size of microalgae cells. Chemical flocculants have been generally used in the harvesting of microalgae, but they are harmful to the environment and relatively costly. Therefore, the utilization of waste biomass in producing bioflocculants is the current research niche to introduce environmental-friendly harvesting method and to minimize the cost of biodiesel production. Thus, in the current work, flocculation Chlorella vulgaris using mild acid-extracted bioflocculants from miscellaneous waste biomass (cockle shell, peanut shell and banana peel) were conducted by varying the pH values, the dosage of bioflocculants and temperatures. Cockle shell bioflocculant demonstrated the best flocculation performance, with highest flocculation efficiency of 85.2% compared to the peanut shell bioflocculant with flocculation efficiency of 37% and banana peel bioflocculant with flocculation efficiency of 16.3%. The optimum flocculation conditions for cockle shell bioflocculant were determined as follow: pH 9, bioflocculant dosage of 140mg/L and temperature of 30oC. The findings herein presented practical applicability of bioflocculants extracted from cockle shell for safe, rapid and inexpensive microalgae harvesting.

Flocculation with Chitosan of Microalgae Native of the Colombian Plateau. (Floculación con quitosano de las microalgas nativas de la altillanura Colombiana.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Moreno ◽  
E. Muñoz Prieto ◽  
H. Casanova
Keyword(s):  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Chitosan Solution ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Freshwater Microalgae ◽  
Chlorella Sp ◽  
Flocculation Efficiency ◽  
Effects Of Ph

AbstractMicroalgae are an attractive feedstock for biofuel production. Low harvesting cost upholds the use offlocculation as initial dewatering step. Two freshwater microalgae (Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus sp.)native from the Colombian plateau, with low/medium biomass concentrations, were selected for this study. The effects of pH, Z-potential and flocs size in dictating the behavior of chitosan as flocculant, were evaluated. This study found that the optimal flocculation efficiency of microalgae was determined at pH 7.0, besides the zeta-potential was positively correlated with the flocculant dose. The zeta-potential increases positively with a flocculant dose. The Chlorella sp. is smaller than the Scenedesmus sp. but requires a little more dose of flocculant, this aspect is due to the nature of the flocculant solution and not the size of the studied microalgae. It was observed that for Chlorella sp., chitosan coagulation shifted the flocs size from 2-4 μm to 70-80 μm, with 1.0 ml of the 40 ppm chitosan solution. The flocculation with chitosan can yield compact flocs and accelerate the settling. For Scenedesmus sp. the flocs size was shifted from 3-4 μm to 60-70 μm and less percentage in the flocs volume. Flocculation response of the microalga Scenedesmus sp. is different in comparison to that of Chlorella. The flocculant dose required is greater, although the percentage of flocculation is also higher and the flocs size is only slightly larger. Further work is needed to confirm these observations. ResumenLas microalgas son unas atractivas cepas de pienso para la producción de biocombustibles. Los bajos costos para cosecharlas, soportan el uso de la floculación como paso inicial para la extracción del agua. Dos tipos de microalgas de aguas frescas: Chlorella sp., Scenedesmus sp., nativas de la meseta colombiana, con una concentración de biomasa baja/media, fueron seleccionadas para este estudio. Se evaluaron los efectos potenciales del pH, Z y los tamaños de los flóculos, en la determinación del quitosano como floculante. Este estudio halló que la eficiencia óptima para la floculación de las microalgas se logra con un pH 7.0, además, el potencial zeta fue correlacionado positivamente con una dosis del floculante. La Chlorella sp., es menor que la Scenedesmus sp., pero requiere una dosis un poco mayor de floculante, este aspecto se debe a la naturaleza de la solución floculante y no al tamaño de las microalgas estudiadas. Se observó que para la Chlorella sp., la coagulación del quitosano cambiaba los tamaños de las madejas, de 2-4 µm a 70-80 µm, con 1.0 ml de la solución de quitosano 40 ppm. La floculación con quitosano puede producir flocs compactos para una operación más rápida. Para la Scenedesmus sp., las dimensiones de los flóculos cambiaron de 3-4 µm a 60-70 µm y menor porcentaje en el volumen de los flocs. La respuesta de floculación de la microalga Scenedesmus sp., es diferente a la Chlorella. La dosis requerida de floculante es mayor, aunque el porcentaje de floculación es más elevado y las dimensiones de los flóculos solo son un poco mayores. Se requiere más trabajo para confirmar estas observaciones. 

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