Improving nutrient fixation and dry matter content of an ammonium-rich anaerobic digestion effluent by struvite formation and clay adsorption

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria M. Estevez ◽  
Roar Linjordet ◽  
Svein J. Horn ◽  
John Morken

The anaerobic digestion (AD) of organic wastes that contain nitrogen leads to its mineralization, yielding a digestate rich in ammonium (NH4+), an important fertilizing nutrient. The applicability of AD digestate as fertilizer can be improved by fixating the nutrients and increasing its dry matter content. Methods for the fixation and recovery of the digestate's NH4+ and possible also PO43− include struvite precipitation and adsorption in clay materials such as bentonite. These techniques were tested in batch experiments employing the liquid fraction of a digestate originating from the AD of a substrate mix containing lignocellulose, cattle manure and fish industrial waste. The concentration of NH4+-N in this digestate was 2,300 mg L−1. Struvite precipitation conditions at a molar ratio of 1.2:1:1 (Mg2+:NH4+:PO43−) and pH 9.5 were best in terms of simultaneous removal of NH4+-N (88%), PO43− (60%) and soluble chemical oxygen demand (44%). Bentonite adsorption gave comparably high removal levels for NH4+-N (82%) and PO43− (52%). Analysis of the precipitates' morphology and elemental composition confirmed their struvite and bentonite nature. Dry matter content was increased from 5.8% in the AD digestate to 27% and 22% in the struvite and bentonite sludges, respectively.

Author(s):  
Adata A. Jumbo ◽  
M. O. Wegwu ◽  
D. C. Belonwu ◽  
B. M. Onyegeme- Okerenta

Aims: This study investigated the physicochemical assessment of Rivers Kaa and Bodo in Ogoniland, as well as the proximate profile of selected fin and shell fish from these Rivers. Study Design: Random sampling. Place and Duration of Study: Kaa and Bodo communities of Ogoniland, between August and November 2014. Methodology: The physicochemical analysis; pH, temperature (T), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved oxygen (DO), total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), conductivity (C), salinity (S) and total hydrocarbon content (THC), were done. The results were compared to FEPA and APHA permissible limits. Proximate composition was determined using Association of Official Analytical Chemist standard analytical methods. Results: Physicochemical analysis results showed that T (26.5±.010), (26.8±.006) and TSS (8.68±.006), (12.5±.006) for Kaa were lower than Bodo (sp≤0.05), S (7.20±.021), (8.40±.010) and THC (0.25±.015), (3.00±.040) were both lower for Kaa than Bodo, at (p≤0.05), BOD was higher for samples collected from Bodo than samples collected from Kaa (188±.234), (259±.690). The TDS and Conductivity were both higher for samples from Bodo than those from Kaa, while pH and DO were higher for samples collected from Kaa than samples collected from Bodo. The moisture content for all samples collected from Kaa (63.7±.289), (72.5±.488), (75.1±.973), (67.4±.455), were significantly lower at p≤0.05 than the moisture content for samples from Bodo (68.7±.514), (80.6±.476), (86.2±.790), (74.5±.514) indicating that the samples from Kaa are better sources of protein, lipid, and energy than samples from Bodo. The protein, lipid, crude fibre, ash and dry matter content of all samples from Kaa were significantly higher (p≤0.05) than those for samples from Bodo. Conclusion: These findings suggest a contamination of the study sites particularly Bodo with petroleum products. Furthermore, it shows that the protein contents in all samples from Bodo were below the recommended standards, suggesting that the consumption of fishes from the study area particularly Bodo, is unhealthy.


2016 ◽  
Vol 218 ◽  
pp. 1008-1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Frydendal-Nielsen ◽  
Maibritt Hjorth ◽  
Sanmohan Baby ◽  
Claus Felby ◽  
Uffe Jørgensen ◽  
...  

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
G. Hadi

The dry matter and moisture contents of the aboveground vegetative organs and kernels of four maize hybrids were studied in Martonvásár at five harvest dates, with four replications per hybrid. The dry matter yield per hectare of the kernels and other plant organs were investigated in order to obtain data on the optimum date of harvest for the purposes of biogas and silage production.It was found that the dry mass of the aboveground vegetative organs, both individually and in total, did not increase after silking. During the last third of the ripening period, however, a significant reduction in the dry matter content was sometimes observed as a function of the length of the vegetation period. The data suggest that, with the exception of extreme weather conditions or an extremely long vegetation period, the maximum dry matter yield could be expected to range from 22–42%, depending on the vegetation period of the variety. The harvest date should be chosen to give a kernel moisture content of above 35% for biogas production and below 35% for silage production. In this phenophase most varieties mature when the stalks are still green, so it is unlikely that transport costs can be reduced by waiting for the vegetative mass to dry.


2020 ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Е.В. Янченко

Цель исследований – дать оценку сохраняемости и болезнеустойчивости современных сортов и гибридов моркови столовой и определить корреляционные зависимости влияния биохимических показателей качества на сохраняемость и степень поражения моркови столовой различными видами болезней в процессе хранения. Исследования проводились в 2011–2016 годах во ВНИИО – филиале ФГБНУ ФНЦО по общепринятым методикам. В биохимической лаборатории отдела земледелия и агрохимии содержание сухого вещества определяли высушиванием до абсолютно сухого веса, общего сахара – по Бертрану, аскорбиновой кислоты – по Мурри, нитраты – ионоселективным методом. При характеристике моркови столовой важнейший показатель, определяющий его качество – количество сухого вещества и сахаров. В процессе хранения были выявлены следующие болезни моркови: серая гниль (Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr.), белая гниль (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.)), белая парша (Rhizoctonia carotae Rad.), альтернариоз (Alternaria radicina M., Dr. et E.). В большей степени сортообразцы моркови столовой поражались серой гнилью. Лучшими по сохраняемости сортообразцами были Корсар (94,6%), F1Берлин (94,5%), Берликум Роял (94,1%) и F1 Звезда (94%). Сохраняемость у зарубежных сортов и гибридов моркови столовой была немного выше, чем у отечественных (на 0,4%) как за счет меньшей величины убыли массы (6,3% против 6,4%), так и потерь от болезней (1,6% против 1,9%). Сохраняемость корнеплодов моркови находится в прямой корреляционной зависимости от содержания сухого вещества (r=+0,41), каротиноидов (r=+0,39), моносахаров (r­=+0,30) и суммы сахаров (r=+0,27). Проявление серой гнили находится в обратной корреляционной связи с содержанием сухого вещества и каротиноидов (r=-0,37 и r=-0,35 соответственно), белой парши – в прямой корреляции с содержанием сухого вещества , моносахаров и дисахаров (r= +0,21; r= +0,39; r= -0,41 соответственно), белой гнили в обратной корреляционной связи с содержанием сухого вещества, моносахаров и дисахаров. The purpose of the research is to assess the persistence and disease resistance of modern varieties and hybrids of carrots and to determine the correlation between the influence of biochemical quality indicators on the persistence and degree of damage to carrots by various types of diseases during storage. The research was conducted in 2011–2016 at ARRIVG – branch of FSBSI FSVC, according to generally accepted methods. In the biochemical laboratory of the Department of Agriculture and Agrochemistry, the dry matter content was determined by drying to absolutely dry weight, total sugar – by Bertran, ascorbic acid – by Murri, nitrates – by the ion-selective method. When describing carrots, the most important indicator that determines its quality is the amount of dry matter and sugars. During storage, the following diseases of carrots were detected: gray rot (Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr.), white rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.), white scab (Rhizoctonia carotae Rad.), alternariasis (Alternaria radicina M., Dr. et E.). To a greater extent, varieties of table carrots were affected by gray rot. The best preserved varieties were Corsar (94.6%), F1 Berlin (94.5%), Berlicum Royal (94.1%) and F1 Zvezda (94%). The persistence of foreign varieties and hybrids of table carrots was slightly higher than that of domestic ones by 0.4%. both due to a smaller amount of weight loss (6.3% vs. 6.4%) and losses from diseases (1.6% vs. 1.9%). The persistence of carrot root crops is directly correlated with the content of dry matter (r=+0.41), carotenoids (r=+0.39), monosaccharides (r=+0.30) and the amount of sugars (r=+0.27). The manifestation of gray rot is in inverse correlation with the content of dry matter and carotenoids (r=-0.37 and r=-0.35, respectively), white scab is in direct correlation with the content of dry matter (r= +0.21; r= +0.39; r= –0.41, respectively), white rot is in inverse correlation with the content of dry matter, monosaccharides and disaccharides.


2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 1234
Author(s):  
Dao-Bin TANG ◽  
Jian-Gang AN ◽  
Yi DING ◽  
Hui BAI ◽  
Kai ZHANG ◽  
...  

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document