Performance evaluation and spatial sludge distribution at facultative and maturation ponds treating wastewater from an international airport

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Gomes Passos ◽  
Marcos von Sperling ◽  
Thiago Bressani Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Bathymetric Survey ◽  
International Airport ◽  
In Series ◽  
Satisfactory Quality

This paper presents a performance evaluation of facultative and maturation ponds in series treating wastewater from a large and intensively used international airport in Brazil, based on 16 years of regular monitoring. The wastewater from the airport showed similar or slightly lower concentrations compared to typical domestic sewage for most of the quality parameters. The contribution of effluents with possible industrial features (aircraft toilets and hangar effluent) did not seem to have adversely affected the characteristics of the influent in terms of aptitude to biological treatment. Overall, the ponds operated under very underloaded conditions (mean loading rate of 44 kg biochemical oxygen demand/ha.d in the facultative pond) and presented a satisfactory quality in terms of effluent concentrations for most parameters. A bathymetric survey of the ponds was done manually by a low-cost measurer constructed specifically for this purpose. After 27 years of operation, only 25% and 18% of the volumes of the facultative and maturation ponds were occupied by sludge. Specific sludge accumulation rates were 0.0071 m³/passenger.year for the facultative pond and 0.00017 m³/passenger.year for the maturation pond.

Nitrogen removal in a combined system: vertical vegetated bed over horizontal flow sand bed

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 137-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kantawanichkul ◽  
P. Neamkam ◽  
R.B.E. Shutes
Keyword(s):  
Loading Rate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Horizontal Flow ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Combined System ◽  
Cost Treatment ◽  
Pig Farm ◽  
Farm Wastewater

Pig farm wastewater creates various problems in many areas throughout Thailand. Constructed wetland systems are an appropriate, low cost treatment option for tropical countries such as Thailand. In this study, a combined system (a vertical flow bed planted with Cyperus flabelliformis over a horizontal flow sand bed without plants) was used to treat settled pig farm wastewater . This system is suitable for using in farms where land is limited. The average COD and nitrogen loading rate of the vegetated vertical flow bed were 105 g/m2.d and 11 g/m2.d respectively. The wastewater was fed intermittently at intervals of 4 hours with a hydraulic loading rate of 3.7 cm/d. The recirculation of the effluent increased total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency from 71% to 85%. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) removal efficiencies were 95% and 98%. Nitrification was significant in vertical flow Cyperus bed, and the concentration of nitrate increased by a factor of 140. The horizontal flow sand bed enhanced COD removal and nitrate reduction was 60%. Plant uptake of nitrogen was 1.1 g N/m2.d or dry biomass production was 2.8 kg/m2 over 100 days.

Effect of anaerobic pretreatment on environmental and physicochemical characteristics of duckweed based stabilization ponds

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R. Caicedo ◽  
C. Espinosa ◽  
M. Andrade ◽  
H. Gijzen
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Physicochemical Conditions ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Stabilization Ponds ◽  
In Series ◽  
Anaerobic Pretreatment

Duckweed based stabilization ponds, an alternative for wastewater treatment, are attracting a growing interest from researchers because they are basically a low cost technology, easy to built and operate, and produce tertiary quality effluents. Besides, this technology offers the possibility of resource recovery by producing high quality duckweed protein, which can be of further use. Since the technology is rather new, there are many aspects to be studied before its full-scale implementation. It is necessary to gain sound knowledge of the basic principles of the complex processes occurring in the system, as well as of the practical aspects of design and operation. The presence of a layer of duckweed on the surface is expected to produce different environmental and physicochemical conditions in the water from those found in conventional stabilization ponds. These environmental and physicochemical conditions affect both plant growth and biological treatment processes in the system, therefore it is important to determine their behavior in a duckweed system and how they can be affected by an anaerobic pretreatment. Continuous flow pilot plants composed of seven ponds in series were operated with artificial substrate under two different conditions: with anaerobic pretreatment and without anaerobic pretreatment. The flow was kept constant during the operation. Conditions such as pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, conductivity, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, total and ammonium nitrogen, nitrites and nitrates, and phosphorus were evaluated in the system under steady state conditions. The main conclusions from the study include the following: pH, temperature and oxygen profiles are more stable in duckweed ponds than in conventional stabilization ponds; anaerobic pretreatment has a significant effect on the oxygen concentration in the system and on the organic matter removal but not on the nutrient removal.

scholarly journals Assessment of the performance of intermittent planted filters in treating urban wastewater under arid climate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiba Tlili ◽  
Mahmoud Bali ◽  
Rachid Boukchina
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Urban Wastewater ◽  
Hydraulic Load

Abstract Intermittent planted filters are extensive biological purification techniques aimed at oxidizing and decontaminating urban wastewater at a low cost and with minimum environmental impacts. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the performances of intermittent planted filters in treating urban wastewater under arid conditions of southern Tunisia. The experimental study was carried out on a pilot scale plant comprising five constructed gravel-sand basins. Screened urban wastewater effluent was intermittently applied with a daily hydraulic load of 400 L/m2. Several water quality parameters were monitored at the inlet and outlet of this treatment plant. The average removal rate were 94.8%, 92.3%, 99.3%, 89.9% and 93.3% for chemical and biological oxygen demand, total suspended solids, ammonium nitrogen and orthophosphate, respectively. Additionally, results demonstrated that this treatment system is capable to remove 3.67, 3.22 and 2.44 log units of total and faecal coliforms, and faecal streptococci, respectively. Results showed that Phragmites australis allowed the development of biofilm in the sand filter beds, improving their purification efficiency. Furthermore, no bio-sludge production, no mechanical aeration, low energy requirement (0.02 kW/m2) and green aesthetic ambience are the additional particular strengths of the proposed pilot-plant.

Constructed wetland as a low cost and sustainable solution for wastewater treatment adapted to rural settlements: the Chorfech wastewater treatment pilot plant

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 3006-3012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Ghrabi ◽  
Latifa Bousselmi ◽  
Fabio Masi ◽  
Martin Regelsberger
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Rural Settlement ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
In Series ◽  
Pre Treatment

The paper presents the detailed design and some preliminary results obtained from a study regarding a wastewater treatment pilot plant (WWTPP), serving as a multistage constructed wetland (CW) located at the rural settlement of ‘Chorfech 24’ (Tunisia). The WWTPP implemented at Chorfech 24 is mainly designed as a demonstration of sustainable water management solutions (low-cost wastewater treatment), in order to prove the efficiency of these solutions working under real Tunisian conditions and ultimately allow the further spreading of the demonstrated techniques. The pilot activity also aims to help gain experience with the implemented techniques and to improve them when necessary to be recommended for wide application in rural settlements in Tunisia and similar situations worldwide. The selected WWTPP at Chorfech 24 (rural settlement of 50 houses counting 350 inhabitants) consists of one Imhoff tank for pre-treatment, and three stages in series: as first stage a horizontal subsurface flow CW system, as second stage a subsurface vertical flow CW system, and a third horizontal flow CW. The sludge of the Imhoff tank is treated in a sludge composting bed. The performances of the different components as well as the whole treatment system were presented based on 3 months monitoring. The results shown in this paper are related to carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus removal as well as to reduction of micro-organisms. The mean overall removal rates of the Chorfech WWTPP during the monitored period have been, respectively, equal to 97% for total suspended solids and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), 95% for chemical oxygen demand, 71% for total nitrogen and 82% for P-PO4. The removal of E. coli by the whole system is 2.5 log units.

scholarly journals Performance evaluation of a sediment control pond

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay Pyatt
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Design Criteria ◽  
Sediment Control

Current erosion and sediment control practices include the use of sediment control ponds that are designed using the 1994 Ministry of the Environment (MOE) Stormwater Management Practices and Design Manual. These design criteria aim at reducing pollutant loads from developed areas. However, the effectiveness of these design criteria when used for areas undergoing construction has yet to be determined in the field. Thus, this thesis is a performance evaluation of a sediment control pond that was designed using the 1994 MOE stormwater design criteria. The objectives of this thesis include the characterization of the runoff and sediments entering, depositing, and leaving the sediment control pond during the construction phase, and the evaluation of the sediment removal efficiencies of the pond. Generally, the pond was successful in reducing many of the pollutants transported to the pond from the catchment area. Suspended solids were the primary pollutants monitored. Heavy metals and general water quality parameters such as chemical oxygen demand, pH, and alkalinity were also monitored. Suspended solids concentrations were high exiting the pond during several events. The particle size distribution predominantly consisted of fine particles. Most heavy metals including beryllium, cadmium, lead, and nickel were reduced in concentration to levels under their Provincial Water Quality Objectives (PWQO). However, some heavy metals had concentrations above their PWQO when exiting the pond.

scholarly journals Performance evaluation of a sediment control pond

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay Pyatt
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Design Criteria ◽  
Sediment Control

Current erosion and sediment control practices include the use of sediment control ponds that are designed using the 1994 Ministry of the Environment (MOE) Stormwater Management Practices and Design Manual. These design criteria aim at reducing pollutant loads from developed areas. However, the effectiveness of these design criteria when used for areas undergoing construction has yet to be determined in the field. Thus, this thesis is a performance evaluation of a sediment control pond that was designed using the 1994 MOE stormwater design criteria. The objectives of this thesis include the characterization of the runoff and sediments entering, depositing, and leaving the sediment control pond during the construction phase, and the evaluation of the sediment removal efficiencies of the pond. Generally, the pond was successful in reducing many of the pollutants transported to the pond from the catchment area. Suspended solids were the primary pollutants monitored. Heavy metals and general water quality parameters such as chemical oxygen demand, pH, and alkalinity were also monitored. Suspended solids concentrations were high exiting the pond during several events. The particle size distribution predominantly consisted of fine particles. Most heavy metals including beryllium, cadmium, lead, and nickel were reduced in concentration to levels under their Provincial Water Quality Objectives (PWQO). However, some heavy metals had concentrations above their PWQO when exiting the pond.

Fine Particle Mass Monitoring with Low-Cost Sensors: Corrections and Long-Term Performance Evaluation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Malings ◽  
Rebecca Tanzer ◽  
Aliaksei Hauryliuk ◽  
Provat K. Saha ◽  
Allen L. Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Fine Particle ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Particle Mass ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance

Determination of the Size Distribution of Dissolved Organics in Effluents

1973 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Addie ◽  
K.L. Murphy ◽  
J.L. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Clean Surface ◽  
Sephadex Column ◽  
Dissolved Organics ◽  
Molecular Size Distribution

Abstract The importance of removing the small amounts of residual organics is increasing as the sources of clean surface water decrease. Knowledge of the nature of these soluble residual organics will be needed in order to assess the type of treatment required for their removal. Residual organics in three different biological treatment plants were analyzed and compared. An attempt was made to characterize these organics by a molecular size distribution on a Sephadex column monitored by differential ultraviolet and refractive index detectors. The organic carbon and chemical oxygen demand of the fractions collected from the column was also determined. An investigation of some of the problems inherent in the monitoring systems was conducted.

The Characteristics of Community Wastewater Biological Treatment Processes in Taiwan

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 289-296
Author(s):  
C. F. Ouyang ◽  
T. J. Wan
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Oxidation Ditch ◽  
Trickling Filter ◽  
Rotating Biological Contactor ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Treatment Characteristics ◽  
Sludge Thickening

This study investigated and compared the treatment characteristics of three different kinds of biological wastewater treatment plants (including rotating biological contactor, trickling filter and oxidation ditch) which are currently operated in Taiwan. The field investigation of this study concentrated on the following items: the performance of biological oxygen demand (BOD) and suspended solids (SS) removal; the sludge yield rate of BOD removal; the settleability of sludge solids; the properties of sludge thickening; the power consumption and land area requirement per unit volume of wastewater. Finally, based on the results of the field investigation, a comparison of the treatment characteristics of the three different biological treatment processes was evaluated.

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