Kinetic evaluation and process performance of an upflow anaerobic filter reactor degrading terephthalic acid

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 2562-2569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orkun I. Davutluoglu ◽  
Galip Seckin
Keyword(s):  
Terephthalic Acid ◽  
Anaerobic Degradation ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Reactor Performance ◽  
Kinetic Evaluation ◽  
Anaerobic Filter

The anaerobic degradation of terephthalic acid (TA) as the sole organic carbon source was studied in an upflow anaerobic filter (UAF) reactor. The reactor was seeded with biomass obtained from a full-scale upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor and was used to treat wastewater from a petrochemical facility producing dimethyl terephthalate. The UAF reactor was operated for 252 d with a constant hydraulic retention time of 24 h, and the organic loading rate (OLR) was gradually increased from 1 to 10 g-chemical oxygen demand (COD)/L d. After a lag period of approximately 40 d, the COD removal efficiency increased exponentially and high removal rate values (≈90%) were obtained, except for at highest OLR (10 g-COD/L d). The high removal rates and the robustness of the reactor performance could be attributed to the formation of biofilm as well as granular sludge. The methane production rates (0.22 to 2.15 L/d) correlated well with the removed OLRs (0.3 to 6.8 g-COD/L d) during the various phases of treatment, indicating that the main mechanism of TA degradation occurs via methanogenic reactions. The average methane content of the produced biogas was 70.3%. The modified Stover–Kincannon model was found to be applicable for the anaerobic degradation of TA in UAFs (Umax = 64.5, KB = 69.1 g-COD/L d and Ymax = 0.27 L-CH4/g-CODremoved). These results suggest that UAF reactors are among the most effective reactor configurations for the anaerobic degradation of TA.

scholarly journals The Concept of Wastes to Energy Using Sugary Wastes

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Fiza Sarwar ◽  
Wajeeha Malik ◽  
Muhammad Salman Ahmed ◽  
Harja Shahid
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Sugar Mills ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

Abstract: This study was designed using actual effluent from the sugary mills in an Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) Reactor to evaluate treatability performance. The reactor was started-up in step-wise loading rates beginning from 0.05kg carbon oxygen demand (COD)/m3-day to 3.50kg-COD/m3-day. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) was slowly decreased from 96 hrs to eight hrs. It was observed that the removal efficiency of COD of more than 73% can be easily achieved at an HRT of more than 16 hours corresponding to an average organic loading rate (OLR) of 3.0kg-COD/m3-day, at neutral pH and constant temperature of 29°C. The average VFAs (volatile fatty acids) and biogas production was observed as 560mg/L and 1.6L/g-CODrem-d, respectively. The average methane composition was estimated as 62%. The results of this study suggest that the treatment of sugar mills effluent with the anaerobic technology seems to be more reliable, effective and economical.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v9i0.7075 Hydro Nepal Vol.9 July 2011 57-62

Open trickling filter: an innovative, cheap and simple form of post-treatment of sanitary effluents from anaerobic reactors in small communities

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Vieira ◽  
M. von Sperling
Keyword(s):  
Loading Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Trickling Filter ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Capital Costs

We aimed to evaluate the performance and cost savings of an innovative design of a trickling filter (TF) for small population sizes, developed at the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil referred to as an open trickling filter (OTF). The OTF had no side walls and no perforated bottom slab, and was applied for the post-treatment of sanitary sewage from an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor. The OTF had crushed-stone packing (3.5 m high) and was operated with an average surface hydraulic loading rate of 4.1 m3 m−2 d−1 and an average volumetric organic loading rate of 0.10 kg BOD m−3 d−1 (biochemical oxygen demand). The average concentrations obtained at the OTF effluent were 48 mg TSS L−1 (total suspended solids), 132 mg COD L−1 (chemical oxygen demand), 51 mg BOD L−1, 19 mg TKN L−1 (total Kjeldahl nitrogen), 16 mg NH4+-N L−1 and 10 mg NO3−-N L−1, complying with local discharge standards. Analysis of the construction costs indicated savings of 74% compared to conventional TF. Based on the performance, compactness, simplicity and reduced capital costs, it is believed that the proposed OTF is a good alternative for small communities, especially in developing countries.

Anaerobic pre-treatment of petrochemical effluents: terephthalic acid wastewater

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 237-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robbert Kleerebezem ◽  
Joost Mortier ◽  
Look W. Hulshoff Pol ◽  
Gatze Lettinga
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Terephthalic Acid ◽  
Anaerobic Degradation ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Uasb Reactors

During petrochemical production of purified terephthalic acid (PTA, 1,4-benzene dicarboxylic acid), a large quantity of concentrated effluent is produced. Main polluting compounds in this wastewater are terephthalic acid, acetic acid and benzoic acid in decreasing order of concentration. Acetic acid and benzoic acid are known to be rapidly degraded in high rate anaerobic treatment systems, such as Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed (UASB) reactors. Concerning the kinetics of anaerobic mineralization of terephthalic acid, however, no information is available in literuature. Therefore our work focused on the anaerobic degradation of neutralized terephthalic acid (disodium terephthalate) in laboratory scale UASB-reactors and batch reactors. It was found that high rate anaerobic treatment of terephthalate was difficult to obtain due to the low growth rate (μ ≈ 0.04 day−1) of the terephthalate mineralizing mixed culture. The maximum removal capacity of a lab-scale UASB-reactor was found to be 3.9 g COD.1−1 .day−1 at a loading rate of 4.5 g COD.1−1 .day−1 and a hydraulic retention time of 24 hours. Terephthalate was used as sole carbon source during these experiments. Addition of small amounts of sucrose (co-substrate) to the influent, as a source of reducing equivalents, was found to have a negative influence on the anaerobic degradation of terephthalate. Also benzoate was found to inhibit the mineralization of terephthalate. Batch-toxicity experiments showed that terephthalate is not toxic to any of the species involved in its mineralization. Based on these observations, a staged anaerobic reactor system is suggested for the anaerobic pre-treatment of PTA-wastewater.

Toxicity and treatability of leachate: application of UASB reactor for leachate treatment from Okhla landfill, New Delhi

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 1887-1894 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Singh ◽  
A. K. Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Leachate Treatment ◽  
Feed Composition ◽  
Laboratory Scale Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

This study reports applicability of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) process to treat the leachate from a municipal landfill located in Delhi. A laboratory scale reactor was operated at an organic loading rate of 3.00 kg chemical oxygen demand (COD)/m3 d corresponding to a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 12 h for over 8 months. The effect of toxicity of leachate, and feed composition on the treatability of leachate was evaluated. Average COD of the leachate, during the study period varied between 8,880 and 66,420 mg/l. Toxicity of the leachate used during a period of 8 months varied from LC50 1.22 to 12.35 for 96 h. The removal efficiency of soluble COD ranged between 91 and 67% for fresh leachate and decreased drastically from 90 to 35% for old leachate having high toxicity. The efficiency varied from 81 to 65%. The reactor performed more efficiently for the treatment of fresh leachate (less toxic, LC50 11.64, 12.35, and 12.15 for 96 h) as compared with old leachate (more toxic, LC50 1.22 for 96 h). Toxicity of the leachate affected its treatment potential by the UASB.

Effect of micro-nutrients in anaerobic degradation of sulfate laden organics

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 420-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
S K Patidar ◽  
Vinod Tare
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Degradation ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Sulfide Concentration ◽  
Anaerobic Baffled Reactor ◽  
Sulfide Toxicity ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

The effect of micro-nutrients, such as Fe, Ni, Zn, Co, and Mo, on anaerobic degradation of sulfate laden organics was investigated using bench-scale models of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor, anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR), and hybrid anaerobic baffled reactor (HABR), operating in varying conditions in ten phases (organic loading of 1.9–5.75 kg COD/(m3·d), sulfate loading of 0.54–1.88 kg SO42–/(m3·d), chemical oxygen demand (COD):SO42–ratio of 2.0–8.6). In the initial phase, no nutrient limitation was observed with COD removal of more than 94% in all three systems. Subsequently, increase in sulfate loading resulted in Ni and Co limitation and their supplementation restored COD removal in UASB system. However, baffled systems did not recover because of severe inhibition by sulfide. Results indicate that precipitation of nutrients could seriously deteriorate process performance, leading to failure even before sulfide concentration attains toxic level. The limitation of Fe coupled with high sulfate loading (1.88 kg SO42–/(m3·d)) resulted in growth of low-density, fragile, hollow, and granular biomass in UASB that washed out and caused process instability. Supplementation of Fe with other nutrients stabilized UASB process and also improved COD removal.Key words: anaerobic degradation, nutrients, UASB, ABR, HABR, sulfide toxicity, sulfate laden organics.

The Study of Engineering Control Parameters on Soybean Protein Wastewater by UASB Reactor

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 1031-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Sun ◽  
Zi Rui Guo ◽  
Xiao Ye Liu ◽  
Yong Feng Li
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Brown Sugar

In order to disscuss the ability of H2-production and wastewater treatment, a up-flow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) using a synthesize substrate with brown sugar wastewater was conducted to investigate the hydrogen yield, hydrogen producing rate, fermentation type of biohydrogen production, and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate, respectively. In this paper, UASB reactor was seeded with sludge from the Harbin Wenchang Sewage treatment plant dewatered sludge. Successful start-up of the reactor was achieved within 40 days at 35±1°C.The concentration of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in influent is increased from 1100mg/L . When it reached maximum, the loading rate was adjusted in a small way and indicators such as VFA, pH and COD in effluent as well as gas production are observed. The most relevant parameters were calibrated with lab-scale experimental data. These experimental results clearly showed that, the most proper corresponding organic loading rate (OLR) and hydraulic retention time (HRT) were 6 kg/ (m3.d)（COD=6000mg/L）and 24 h respectively. Up to 85% of COD was removed and the CH4 production rate of 3.2 m3 / (m3 .d) was obtained. The produced biogas contained 72% of CH4. In the mean time, anaerobic sludge multiplies more faster and exiguous particles appeared. Granules with diameter 1-3mm.

Anaerobic treatment of crude glycerol from biodiesel production

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 1383-1389 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Nakazawa ◽  
W. R. S. Silva Júnior ◽  
M. T. Kato ◽  
S. Gavazza ◽  
L. Florencio
Keyword(s):  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Reactor Performance

In this study, we evaluated the use of an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor to treat crude glycerol obtained from cottonseed biodiesel production. The laboratory-scale UASB reactor (7.0 L) was operated at ambient temperature of 26.5°C with chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations between 0.5 and 8.0 g/L. The volatile fatty acid contents, pH, inorganic salt contents and biogas production were monitored during a 280-day experimental period. Molecular biology techniques were used to assess the microbial diversity in the bioreactor. The reactor achieved COD removal efficiencies of up to 92% except during one phase when the efficiency decreased to 81%. Biogas production remained stable throughout the experimental period, when the fraction converted to methane reached values as high as 68%. The profile of the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) bands suggested slight changes in the microbial community during reactor operation. The overall results indicated that the crude glycerol from biodiesel production can serve as a suitable substrate for anaerobic degradation with a stable reactor performance and biogas production as long as the applied organic loads are up to 8.06 kg COD/m3·d.

scholarly journals Black water treatment by an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor: a pilot study

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (8) ◽  
pp. 1505-1511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Dyane Miranda Slompo ◽  
Larissa Quartaroli ◽  
Grietje Zeeman ◽  
Gustavo Henrique Ribeiro da Silva ◽  
Luiz Antonio Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Black Water ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

Abstract Decentralized sanitary wastewater treatment has become a viable and sustainable alternative, especially for developing countries and small communities. Besides, effluents may present variations in chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total nitrogen values. This study describes the feasibility of using a pilot upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor to treat wastewater with different organic loads (COD), using black water (BW) and sanitary wastewater, in addition to its potential for preserving nutrients for later recovery and/or reuse. The UASB reactor was operated continuously for 95 weeks, with a hydraulic retention time of 3 days. In Phase 1, the reactor treated simulated BW and achieved 77% CODtotal removal. In Phase 2, treating only sanitary wastewater, the CODtotal removal efficiency was 60%. Phase 3 treated simulated BW again, and CODtotal removal efficiency was somewhat higher than in Phase 1, reaching 81%. In Phase 3, the removal of pathogens was also evaluated: the efficiency was 1.96 log for Escherichia coli and 2.13 log for total coliforms. The UASB reactor was able to withstand large variations in the organic loading rate (0.09–1.49 kg COD m−3 d−1), in continuous operation mode, maintaining a stable organic matter removal.

Thermophilic anaerobic digestion of methanol in UASB reactor

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Paulo ◽  
B. Jiang ◽  
S. Rebac ◽  
L. Hulshoff Pol ◽  
G. Lettinga
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Drop ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Methanol Conversion ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Reactor Performance ◽  
Thermophilic Conditions ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Main Component

A 5.1 L laboratory scale upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor was operated at 55°C over 130 days in order to investigate the feasibility of treating methanol-containing wastewater under thermophilic conditions, focussing on start-up and process stability. Batch assays were conducted to elucidate the most probable pathway for methanol conversion. The results demonstrated a good performance, with a chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal averaging 82% throughout the experiment. No significant VFA accumulation was detected in the effluent, even with bicarbonate concentration exceeding 20 mM. Acetate was the main component of the VFA at relatively low organic loading rates (OLR). At high OLR, the main components were propionate and butyrate. Reactor performance was hardly affected when the system was exposed to non-optimal conditions, i.e., temperature drop, overloading and no feeding. Good thermophilic granular sludge was retained in the reactor. Washout of biomass was not severe during the experiment. From the pathway analysis it could be concluded that indirect pathways play an important role in the methanol degradation by the cultivated consortia.

Diversity and dynamics of ammonia-oxidizing bacterial communities in a sponge-based trickling filter treating effluent from a UASB reactor

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 650-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. F. A. Mac Conell ◽  
P. G. S. Almeida ◽  
A. M. Zerbini ◽  
E. M. F. Brandt ◽  
J. C. Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Trickling Filter ◽  
Strong Concentration ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
N Removal

Changes in ammonia-oxidizing bacterial (AOB) population dynamics were examined in a new sponge-based trickling filter (TF) post-upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor by denaturating gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), and these changes were linked to relevant components influencing nitrification (chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrogen (N)). The sponge-based packing media caused strong concentration gradients along the TF, providing an ecological selection of AOB within the system. The organic loading rate (OLR) affected the population dynamics, and under higher OLR or low ammonium-nitrogen (NH4+-N) concentrations some AOB bands disappeared, but maintaining the overall community function for NH4+-N removal. The dominant bands present in the upper portions of the TF were closely related to Nitrosomonas europaea and distantly affiliated to Nitrosomonas eutropha, and thus were adapted to higher NH4+-N and organic matter concentrations. In the lower portions of the TF, the dominant bands were related to Nitrosomonas oligotropha, commonly found in environments with low levels of NH4+-N. From a technology point of view, changes in AOB structure at OLR around 0.40–0.60 kgCOD m−3 d−1 did not affect TF performance for NH4+-N removal, but AOB diversity may have been correlated with the noticeable stability of the sponge-based TF for NH4+-N removal at low OLR. This study is relevant because molecular biology was used to observe important features of a bioreactor, considering realistic operational conditions applied to UASB/sponge-based TF systems.

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