Use of external carbon sources derived from biowaste for short-cut nutrient removal from anaerobic effluents

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 1853-1858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evina Katsou ◽  
Nicola Frison ◽  
Simos Malamis ◽  
Francesco Fatone
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactors ◽  
Fermentation Liquid ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

This work evaluated the use of different external carbon sources to promote the via-nitrite nutrient removal from anaerobic effluents. The carbon sources consisted of fermentation liquid produced from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW FL), drainage liquid produced from OFMSW, fermentation liquid produced from vegetable and fruit waste (VFW FL) and acetic acid. Denitritation and phosphorus uptake via nitrite were evaluated in two sequencing batch reactors, one treating the anaerobic supernatant produced from the co-digestion of OFMSW and activated sludge (highly nitrogenous anaerobic effluent – HNAE), and the other one treating the weakly nitrogenous anaerobic effluent (WNAE) from an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor. The use of OFMSW FL to treat HNAE resulted in high nitrite (27 mgN/(gVSS·h) (VSS – volatile suspended solids) and phosphate uptake (15 mgP/gVSS·h). In the WNAE, nutrient kinetics were much slower. The use of acetic acid and VFW FL performed poorly, while the use of OFMSW FL, which was rich in butyric acid and propionic acid, resulted in significant nutrient removal (7 mgN/gVSS·h and 6 mgP/gVSS·h). The economic evaluation showed that the use of OFMSW FL is a less expensive option than the acetic acid use.

Pilot study of UASB process treating PTA manufacturing wastewater

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 73-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng-Shung Cheng ◽  
Chiou-Yuan Ho ◽  
Jer-Horng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Refractory Component ◽  
Anaerobic Biodegradability ◽  
Volumetric Loading ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

A pilot-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor was employed to treat the wastewater of a purified-terephthalic-acid (PTA) manufacturing factory. The performance of UASB reactor in terms of COD removal was achieved 62% at the volumetric loading rate of 2.93 kg COD / m3/day. One of the major constituents, p-toluic acid in PTA wastewater was the refractory component due to the methyl substituent on the aromatic ring, which restricted the biodegradation performance. Moreover, from our study, it was surprising that high concentration of acetic acid would retard the degradation of aromatics in the sludge bed. A control strategy of acetic acid level in the sludge bed was suggested during the start-up period. Comparison of the anaerobic biodegradability of aromatic substituents in PTA wastewater was concluded as the following sequence: –COOH > –CHO ≥ –CH3 in terms of the derivative functional groups based on the benzoic acid. Observation of bacterial population of the sludge granules showed high diversity of syntrophic structure on the biogranular surface as well as acetoclastic methanogens.

Removal of chlorinated phenols in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 359-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald L. Droste ◽  
Kevin J. Kennedy ◽  
Jingua Lu ◽  
Mercedes Lentz
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Chlorinated Phenols ◽  
Reactor Performance ◽  
Chlorine Atoms ◽  
Toxic Agents ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactors

The dechlorination of chlorophenol (CP) compounds was investigated using upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors. A total of five trichlorophenols (TCPs) and a single dichlorophenol (DCP) were individually treated: 2,3,4-TCP; 2,3,5-TCP; 2,3,6-TCP; 2,4,5-TCP; 2,4,6-TCP; and 3,5-DCP. Synthetic wastewater composed of sucrose and acetic acid provided an alternate, readily biodegradable carbon source. Each chlorinated compound was concurrently fed to separate reactors. The parameters that were quantified include biogas composition, acetic acid concentration, COD, and VSS. The degree to which CPs were sorbed to the granular biomass in actively dechlorinating UASB reactors was found to be insignificant. CP compounds were able to be metabolized to mineral end products to a large extent at loadings where reactor performance was not impaired. Ortho chlorine atoms were most readily removed from CPs. CPs containing chlorine atoms in the para position were the most toxic agents with 2,4,5-TCP being the most toxic compound. Toxicity was reversible.

Effect of Nitrogen Loading Rate and Carbon Source on Denitrification and Sludge Settleability in Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) Reactors

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 123-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Cuervo-López ◽  
F. Martinez ◽  
M. Gutiérrez-Rojas ◽  
R. A. Noyola ◽  
J. Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Reactor Stability ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactors ◽  
Sludge Settleability

The combined effect of carbon source and nitrogen loading rate (NLR) on denitrification and sludge granular settleability in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) bench-scale reactors was studied. Acetate, lactate and glucose were used as carbon sources for denitrification. Three NLR were evaluated: 500, 1000 and 2000 mg NO3−-N/ld. It was found that NO3−-N consumption efficiency was 99% for all the cases. Denitrification efficiencies were high (85-96%) for all substrates and NLR tested, but specific denitrifying rates were a better representation of the denitrifying process. The results showed that specific denitrifying rate was dependent on type of carbon source and NLR. It was also found that sludge settleability and reactor stability was influenced by the carbon source. The use of acetate did not influence the sludge settleability while, sludge flotation was always observed when lactate was used as carbon source. Foaming was present when glucose was used, causing reactor unstability. An increase in the exopolymeric protein and carbohydrate content was observed when lactate and glucose were fed, in comparison with acetate as carbon source. Results obtained in this work suggest that the exopolymeric composition here referred to as protein/carbohydrate ratio (P/C) could be a better stability indicator than the sludge volumetric index (SVI).

pH-Stability in anaerobic bioreactors treating methanolic wastewaters

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Florencio ◽  
J. A. Field ◽  
A. van Langerak ◽  
G. Lettinga
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Anaerobic Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Bioreactors ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

Methanol is the main pollutant in evaporator condensate wastewaters from the kraft pulping industry. These wastewaters have no alkalinity. As methanogenesis is known to work best at neutral pH, additional alkalinity is needed to prevent the pH from dropping, and consequently, cause reactor instability. In anaerobic environments, methanol can either be directly converted to methane by methylotrophic methanogens or be converted to acetate by acetogens. The COD removal efficiency and stability of anaerobic reactor treating methanolic wastewaters are dependent on which route methanol is degraded. In this study, a mathematical model was made and tested. The model estimates pCO2 and pH expected from a certain stoichiometry yield of acetic acid and methane from methanol and the amount of alkalinity added. Continuous experiments were performed in five UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) reactors to check if the theoretical and experimental data matched. Methanol (5 g COD/1) was the only substrate used and NaHCO3 and K2HPO4 were the sources of added alkalinity. The amount of added alkalinity varied from 0 to 50 meq/1. The experimental data fitted very well with the model. With this model it is possible to predict the pH in the reactor and the CO2 composition of the biogas.

Pemodelan Reaktor Hibrid Anaerob Pengolah Molasse Pada Pembebanan Organik Tinggi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gede H Cahyana
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Expanded Bed ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

Telah dikembangkan reaktor anaerob kecepatan tinggi (high rate) yang merupakan modifikasi reaktor konvensional. Di antaranya berupa (bio)reaktor pertumbuhan tersuspensi (contoh: UASB, Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) dan reaktor pertumbuhan lekat (Fixed Bed atau Biofilter, Fluidized Bed, Expanded Bed, Rotating Biodisc dan Baffled Reactor). Kedua tipe reaktor di atas memiliki sejumlah kelebihan dan kekurangan. Untuk mengoptimalkan nilai positifnya (terutama untuk keperluan desain) maka reaktor tersebut, pada penelitian ini, disusun menjadi satu urutan yang disebut Reaktor Hibrid Anaerob (Rehan) yakni UASB di bawah dan AF di atasnya. Lebih lanjut, penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi tentang kinerja Rehan dalam mengolah air limbah (substrat) yang konsentrasi zat organiknya (COD) sangat tinggi dan suatu model matematika yang dapat mewakili reaktor tersebut.

The treatment of iron oxalate leach liquors in a UASB with sulfate reduction

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 383-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Teer ◽  
D. J. Leak ◽  
A. W. L. Dudeney ◽  
A. Narayanan ◽  
D. C. Stuckey
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Desulfovibrio Vulgaris ◽  
Hydrogenotrophic Methanogenesis ◽  
Irreversible Effects ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

The presence of small amounts of iron (>0.013% Fe) in sand creates problems in the manufacture of high quality glass. Removal by hot sulphuric acid is possible, but creates environmental problems, and is costly. Hence organic acids such as oxalic have been investigated since they are effective in removing iron, and can be degraded anaerobically. The aim of this work was to identify key intermediates in the anaerobic degradation of oxalate in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB) which was removing iron from solution in the sulphide form, and to determine the bacterial species involved. 2-bromoethanesulfonic acid (BES) and molybdenum were selected as suitable inhibitors for methanogenic and sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB) respectively. 40mM molybdenum was used to inhibit the SRB in a reactor with a 12hr HRT. Total SRB inhibition took place in 20 hrs, with a complete breakthrough of influent sulphate. The lack of an immediate oxalate breakthrough confirmed Desulfovibrio vulgaris subspecies oxamicus was not the predominant oxalate utilising species. Nevertheless, high concentrations of molybdenum were found to inhibit oxalate utilising bacteria in granular reactors but not in suspended population reactors; this observation was puzzling, and at present cannot be explained. Based on the intermediates identified, it was postulated that oxalate was degraded to formate by an oxalate utilising bacteria such as Oxalobacter formigenes, and the formate used by the SRBs to reduce sulphate. Acetate, as a minor intermediate, existed primarily as a source of cell carbon for oxalate utilising bacteria. Methanogenic inhibition identified that 62% of the CH4 in the reactor operated at 37°C originated from hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis, whilst this figure was 80% at 20°C. Possible irreversible effects were recorded with hydrogenotrophic methanogens.

High process activity of a two-phase UASB (upflow anaerobic sludge blanket) receiving ethanol wastewater: Operational conditions in relation to granulation development

2021 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
pp. 106012
Author(s):  
Achiraya Jiraprasertwong ◽  
Pattaratorn Karnchanapaisal ◽  
Kessara Seneesrisakul ◽  
Pramoch Rangsunvigit ◽  
Sumaeth Chavadej
Keyword(s):  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

scholarly journals Microbial Removal of Pb(II) Using an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) Reactor

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 512
Author(s):  
Jeremiah Chimhundi ◽  
Carla Hörstmann ◽  
Evans M. N. Chirwa ◽  
Hendrik G. Brink
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Process ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Reduction Potentials ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Microbial Removal ◽  
Maximum Removal

The main objective of this study was to achieve the continuous biorecovery and bioreduction of Pb(II) using an industrially obtained consortia as a biocatalyst. An upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor was used in the treatment process. The bioremediation technique that was applied made use of a yeast extract as the microbial substrate and Pb(NO3)2 as the source of Pb(II). The UASB reactor exhibited removal efficiencies of between 90 and 100% for the inlet Pb concentrations from 80 to 2000 ppm and a maximum removal rate of 1948.4 mg/(L·d) was measured. XRD and XPS analyses of the precipitate revealed the presence of Pb0, PbO, PbS and PbSO4. Supporting experimental work carried out included growth measurements, pH, oxidation–reduction potentials and nitrate levels.

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