Granulation of anaerobic sludge in the sulfate-reducing up-flow sludge bed (SRUSB) of SANI® process

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 560-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Hao ◽  
H. Lu ◽  
H. K. Chui ◽  
Mark C. M. van Loosdrecht ◽  
G. H. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Sludge Volume Index ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Full Development ◽  
Sludge Granulation

This study reports on anaerobic sludge granulation in a laboratory-scale sulfate-reducing up-flow sludge bed (SRUSB) in a novel sulfate reduction, autotrophic denitrification and nitrification integrated (SANI®) process for treatment of saline sewage. Granulation occurred in 30 d and reached full development in 90 d. The sulfate-reducing granules grew up to around 1 mm after 90 d with 21 mL/g SVI5 (sludge volume index measured after 5 min) and the biomass concentration reached 29 g/L after 4 months' operation. The reactor removed 89% chemical oxygen demand (COD) and reduced 75% sulfate within 1 h of hydraulic retention time, under a COD loading rate of up to 6.4 kg COD/(m3 · d).

scholarly journals The Start-Up of Continuous Biohydrogen Production from Cheese Whey: Comparison of Inoculum Pretreatment Methods and Reactors with Moving and Fixed Polyurethane Carriers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 510
Author(s):  
Elza R. Mikheeva ◽  
Inna V. Katraeva ◽  
Andrey A. Kovalev ◽  
Dmitriy A. Kovalev ◽  
Alla N. Nozhevnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cheese Whey ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Continuous Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Acid Pretreatment ◽  
Methanogenic Activity ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Load Rate

This article presents the results of the start-up of continuous production of biohydrogen from cheese whey (CW) in an anaerobic filter (AF) and anaerobic fluidized bed (AFB) with a polyurethane carrier. Heat and acid pretreatments were used for the inactivation of hydrogen-scavengers in the inoculum (mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic sludge). Acid pretreatment was effective for thermophilic anaerobic sludge to suppress methanogenic activity, and heat treatment was effective for mesophilic anaerobic sludge. Maximum specific yields of hydrogen, namely 178 mL/g chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 149 mL/g COD for AFB and AF, respectively, were obtained at the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 4.5 days and organic load rate (OLR) of 6.61 kg COD/(m3 day). At the same time, the maximum hydrogen production rates of 1.28 and 1.9 NL/(L day) for AF and AFB, respectively, were obtained at the HRT of 2.02 days and OLR of 14.88 kg COD/(m3 day). At the phylum level, the dominant taxa were Firmicutes (65% in AF and 60% in AFB), and at the genus level, Lactobacillus (40% in AF and 43% in AFB) and Bifidobacterium (24% in AF and 30% in AFB).

scholarly journals The Concept of Wastes to Energy Using Sugary Wastes

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Fiza Sarwar ◽  
Wajeeha Malik ◽  
Muhammad Salman Ahmed ◽  
Harja Shahid
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Sugar Mills ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

Abstract: This study was designed using actual effluent from the sugary mills in an Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) Reactor to evaluate treatability performance. The reactor was started-up in step-wise loading rates beginning from 0.05kg carbon oxygen demand (COD)/m3-day to 3.50kg-COD/m3-day. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) was slowly decreased from 96 hrs to eight hrs. It was observed that the removal efficiency of COD of more than 73% can be easily achieved at an HRT of more than 16 hours corresponding to an average organic loading rate (OLR) of 3.0kg-COD/m3-day, at neutral pH and constant temperature of 29°C. The average VFAs (volatile fatty acids) and biogas production was observed as 560mg/L and 1.6L/g-CODrem-d, respectively. The average methane composition was estimated as 62%. The results of this study suggest that the treatment of sugar mills effluent with the anaerobic technology seems to be more reliable, effective and economical.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v9i0.7075 Hydro Nepal Vol.9 July 2011 57-62

Open trickling filter: an innovative, cheap and simple form of post-treatment of sanitary effluents from anaerobic reactors in small communities

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Vieira ◽  
M. von Sperling
Keyword(s):  
Loading Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Trickling Filter ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Capital Costs

We aimed to evaluate the performance and cost savings of an innovative design of a trickling filter (TF) for small population sizes, developed at the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil referred to as an open trickling filter (OTF). The OTF had no side walls and no perforated bottom slab, and was applied for the post-treatment of sanitary sewage from an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor. The OTF had crushed-stone packing (3.5 m high) and was operated with an average surface hydraulic loading rate of 4.1 m3 m−2 d−1 and an average volumetric organic loading rate of 0.10 kg BOD m−3 d−1 (biochemical oxygen demand). The average concentrations obtained at the OTF effluent were 48 mg TSS L−1 (total suspended solids), 132 mg COD L−1 (chemical oxygen demand), 51 mg BOD L−1, 19 mg TKN L−1 (total Kjeldahl nitrogen), 16 mg NH4+-N L−1 and 10 mg NO3−-N L−1, complying with local discharge standards. Analysis of the construction costs indicated savings of 74% compared to conventional TF. Based on the performance, compactness, simplicity and reduced capital costs, it is believed that the proposed OTF is a good alternative for small communities, especially in developing countries.

Working Parameters Optimization of Hydrolysis-acidogenesis reactor in two stage anaerobic digestion of slaughterhouse Wastewater for Biogas Production

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejene Tsegaye Bedane ◽  
Mohammed Mazharuddin Khan ◽  
Seyoum Leta Asfaw
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Slaughterhouse Wastewater ◽  
Working Parameters

Abstract Background : Wastewater from agro-industries such as slaughterhouse is typical organic wastewater with high value of biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, biological organic nutrients (Nitrogen and phosphate) which are insoluble, slowly biodegradable solids, pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria and viruses, parasite eggs. Moreover it contains high protein and putrefies fast leading to environmental pollution problem. This indicates that slaughterhouses are among the most environmental polluting agro-industries. Anaerobic digestion is a sequence of metabolic steps involving consortiums of several microbial populations to form a complex metabolic interaction network resulting in the conversation of organic matter into methane (CH 4 ), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and other trace compounds. Separation of the phase permits the optimization of the organic loading rate and HRT based on the requirements of the microbial consortiums of each phase. The purpose of this study was to optimize the working conditions for the hydrolytic - acidogenic stage in two step/phase anaerobic digestion of slaughterhouse wastewater. The setup of the laboratory scale reactor was established at Center for Environmental Science, College of Natural Science with a total volume of 40 liter (36 liter working volume and 4 liter gas space). The working parameters for hydrolytic - acidogenic stage were optimized for six hydraulic retention time 1-6 days and equivalent organic loading rate of 5366.43 – 894.41 mg COD/L day to evaluate the effect of the working parameters on the performance of hydrolytic – acidogenic reactor. Result : The finding revealed that hydraulic retention time of 3 day with organic loading rate of 1,788.81 mg COD/L day was a as an optimal working conditions for the parameters under study for the hydrolytic - acidogenic stage. The degree of hydrolysis and acidification were mainly influenced by lower hydraulic retention time (higher organic loading rate) and highest values recorded were 63.92 % at hydraulic retention time of 3 day and 53.26% at hydraulic retention time of 2 day respectively. Conclusion : The finding of the present study indicated that at steady state the concentration of soluble chemical oxygen demand and total volatile fatty acids increase as hydraulic retention time decreased or organic loading rate increased from 1 day hydraulic retention time to 3 day hydraulic retention time and decreases as hydraulic retention time increase from 4 to 6 day. The lowest concentration of NH 4 + -N and highest degree of acidification was also achieved at hydraulic retention time of 3 day. Therefore, it can be concluded that hydraulic retention time of 3 day/organic loading rate of 1,788.81 mg COD/L .day was selected as an optimal working condition for the high performance and stability during the two stage anaerobic digestion of slaughterhouse wastewater for the hydrolytic-acidogenic stage under mesophilic temperature range selected (37.5℃). Keywords : Slaughterhouse Wastewater, Hydrolytic – Acidogenic, Two Phase Anaerobic Digestion, Optimal Condition, Agro-processing wastewater

The Study of Engineering Control Parameters on Soybean Protein Wastewater by UASB Reactor

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 1031-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Sun ◽  
Zi Rui Guo ◽  
Xiao Ye Liu ◽  
Yong Feng Li
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Brown Sugar

In order to disscuss the ability of H2-production and wastewater treatment, a up-flow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) using a synthesize substrate with brown sugar wastewater was conducted to investigate the hydrogen yield, hydrogen producing rate, fermentation type of biohydrogen production, and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate, respectively. In this paper, UASB reactor was seeded with sludge from the Harbin Wenchang Sewage treatment plant dewatered sludge. Successful start-up of the reactor was achieved within 40 days at 35±1°C.The concentration of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in influent is increased from 1100mg/L . When it reached maximum, the loading rate was adjusted in a small way and indicators such as VFA, pH and COD in effluent as well as gas production are observed. The most relevant parameters were calibrated with lab-scale experimental data. These experimental results clearly showed that, the most proper corresponding organic loading rate (OLR) and hydraulic retention time (HRT) were 6 kg/ (m3.d)（COD=6000mg/L）and 24 h respectively. Up to 85% of COD was removed and the CH4 production rate of 3.2 m3 / (m3 .d) was obtained. The produced biogas contained 72% of CH4. In the mean time, anaerobic sludge multiplies more faster and exiguous particles appeared. Granules with diameter 1-3mm.

EFFECT OF COD LOADING RATE ON AN UPFLOW ANAEROBIC SLUDGE BLANKET REACTOR DURING ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT WITH BUTYRATE / SUVARTOJAMO CHDS POVEIKIS PALMIŲ ALIEJAUS GAMYBINIŲ NUOTEKŲ SU BUTIRATU ANAEROBINIO PŪDYMO PLOKŠTELINIAME REAKTORIUJE METU

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 256-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anwar Ahmad ◽  
Rumana Ghufran ◽  
Zularisam Abd. Wahid
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

Palm oil Mill Effluent (POME) with concentrated butyrate was treated in a 4.5 l upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASBR), run over a range of influent concentrations (16.5–46.0 g-COD l−1), chemical oxygen demand (COD) loading rates (1.5–11.5 g-CODl−1d−1) and 11–4 days hydraulic retention time (HRT) at 37 °C by maintaining pH between 6.5–7.5. The process consistently removed 97–99% of COD at loading rates up to 1.5–4.8 g-COD l−1d−1 by varying HRT (11–7.2 days). Butyrate is an important intermediate in the anaerobic degradation of organic matter. In sulphate-depleted environment, butyrate in POME (BOD/COD ratio of 0.5) is β-oxidised to acetate and hydrogen, by obligate proton reducers in syntrophic association with hydrogen utilizing methanogens. The conversion of acetate to methane appeared to be rate limiting step. Maximum biogas (20.17 ll−1d−1) and methane production (16.2 ll−1d−1) were obtained at COD loading rate of 4.80 gl−1d−1and HRT of 7.2 days. The biogas and methane production were higher in the presence of butyrate compared to control. The methane content of the biogas was in the range of 70–80% throughout the study while in control it was 60–65%. Finding of this study clearly indicates the successful treatment of POME with butyrate in UASBR. Santrauka Palmių aliejaus gamybinės nuotekos (POME) su koncentruotu butiratu buvo apdorotos 4,5 l talpos aukštyn tekančio aerobinio dumblo plokšteliniame reaktoriuje (UASBR). Nuotekos tekėjo įvairių koncentracijų (16,5–46,0 g – ChDS 1−1), cheminio deguonies suvartojimo (ChDS) normos (1,5–11,5 g – ChDS 1−1d.−1). Hidraulinio sulaikymo trukmė (HRT) nuo 11 iki 4 dienų, kai temperatūra 37 °C, pH palaikant 6,5–7,5. Vykstant procesui nuolat buvo pašalinama 97–99% ChD, kai tiekimo ir pakrovimo sparta 1,5–4,8 g – ChDS 1−1d.−1 kintant HRT(11–7,2 d.). Butiratas yra svarbus tarpininkas organinių medžiagų anaerobinio skilimo procese. Sulfatas iš aplinkos, butiratas iš POME (BDS/ChDS santykis 0,5) yra acetato ir vandenilio β oksidatoriai, priverčiantys protonų reducentus sintrofinės sąveikos su vandeniliu metu utilizuoti metanogenus. Acetato virtimas metanu pasirodė esąs greitį ribojantis veiksnys. Daugiausia biodujų (20,17 l 1−1 d.−1) ir metano (16,2 l 1−1 d.−1) susidarė tada, kai suvartojamo ChD tiekimo greitis buvo 4,80 g 1−1d.−1, o HRT – 7,2 dienos. Daugiau biodujų ir metano susidarė dalyvaujant butiratui, palyginti su kontroliniu pavyzdžiu. Biodujose metano kiekis tyrimo metu svyravo 70–80%, o kontroliniame buvo 60–65%. Šis tyrimas aiškiai parodė, kad POME su butiratu UASBreaktoriuje apdorojamas sėkmingai.

Operational Control of an Anaerobic GAC Reactor Treating Hazardous Wastes

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Nakhla ◽  
M. T. Suidan ◽  
J. T. Pfeffer
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Operational Control ◽  
Anaerobic Culture ◽  
Replacement Rate ◽  
Percent Conversion ◽  
Very High

An expanded-bed GAC anaerobic reactor was employed to investigate the effect of empty bed detention time, sludge age, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) loading on process performance during the treatment of a coal conversion wastewater. The toxicity of the wastewater to the anaerobic culture was overcome by periodic partial replacement of the reactor medium with fresh GAC. The first phase of this study determined the minimum GAC replacement rate required to successfully treat the wastewater at a COD loading of 11 g-COD/kg-GAC-day. The second phase investigated the dependance of the system performance on hydraulic retention time and the volumetric COD loading rate. Very high organic removal efficiencies, as well as approximately fifty percent conversion of the influent COD to methane gas were achieved even at empty-bed hydraulic retention times as low as 7 hours.

DEGRADATION OF STARCH PARTICULATES IN A HYBRID REACTOR

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert H. P. Fang ◽  
Tin-Sang Kwong
Keyword(s):  
Loading Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Hybrid Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Methanogenic Activity ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Granular Biomass ◽  
Abundant Supply ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

The study was conducted over 265 days to study the feasibility of removing starch particulates from wastewater using an 8.5 L reactor which was a hybrid between the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and the anaerobic filter reactors. At pH 7.2-7.5 and 37°C, the reactor was effective for the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) from wastewater containing starch particulates equivalent to 5000 mglL of COD with 12 hours of retention time, corresponding to a loading rate of 10 g-COD/L.d. Despite their insoluble nature, the starch particulates did not cause noticeable adverse effeels on the granulation of biomass, probably due to its easy-to-biodegrade nature and the cautious startup strategy. About 5.8% of COD in wastewater remained in the effluent, 82.5% was converted to methane, and the remaining 11.7% was converted to granular biomass with an average sludge yield of 0.09 g-VSS/g-COD. The granules exhibited a layered microstructure. The methanogenic activity of the granular biomass was 0.86 g-methane-COD/g-VSS.d in the reactor, which was considerably lower than the 1.96 g-methane-COD/ g-VSS.d measured in serum vials with an abundant supply of substrate, suggesting that further increase of loading rates was possible for the hybrid reactor.

THE PRODUCTION OF BIOHYDROGEN AND BIOMETHANE FROM CASSAVA WASTEWATER UNDER MESOPHILIC ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION BY USING UPFLOW ANAEROBIC SLUDGE BLANKET REACTORS (UASB)

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (5-6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patcharee Intanoo ◽  
Sumaeth Chavadej ◽  
Oijai Khongsumran
Keyword(s):  
Production Rate ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
H2 Production ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Fixed Temperature ◽  
Cassava Wastewater ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

The main objective was to separately generate biohydrogen (H2) and biomethane (CH4) with the cassava wastewater via the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors (UASB) under the mesophilic temperature (37 ºC). For the first part, the production of H2, the controlled system was managed on the fixed temperature (37 º C) and pH (5.5) included the varied organic concentration in term of chemical oxygen demand (COD) loading rates. As the proper COD loading rate of 25 kg/m3 d, H2 and carbon dioxide (CO2) were mainly generated gases which provided the highest specific H2 production rate of 0.39 l H2/l d and the highest H2 yield of 39.83 l H2/kg COD removed. For the second part, the effluent liquid that generated from the stage of H2 production on COD loading rate of 25 kg/m3 d was fed to the UASB with the fixed temperature (37 °C) and no pH control. The highest specific CH4 production rate of 0.91 l CH4/l d and the highest CH4 yield of 115.23 l CH4/kg COD removed were shown on the proper COD loading rate of 8 kg/m3 d.  

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