Denitrification with corncob as carbon source and biofilm carriers

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 1238-1243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guochao Li ◽  
Jie Chen ◽  
Tao Yang ◽  
Jianqi Sun ◽  
Shenglu Yu
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
Biofilm Carrier ◽  
Laboratory Reactor ◽  
Control Batch

In this research the agricultural by-product corncob was investigated as a carbon source as well as a biofilm carrier to remove organic matter, expressed as chemical oxygen demand (COD) and nitrate nitrogen (nitrate-N), from wastewater in a batch laboratory reactor. The performance of a reactor with corncob as the carbon source and the biofilm carrier was compared with a control batch reactor with suspended plastic carriers and glucose as the sole carbon source. With 60 vol% of corncob carriers inside the reactor, a soluble COD/N ratio of 4.2 g COD g N−1 was enough for total denitrification, nearly half of the control reactor (9.5 g COD g N−1), at 23 h reaction time. The specific denitrification rate decreased with increasing soluble COD consumption for both reactors. Nitrate and COD removal efficiencies decreased with shorter retention times, with accentuated effects in the reactor. This study suggested corncob as a feasible carbon source and that reaction time was a limiting factor with corncob used as the carbon source for denitrification.

Optimization and statistical analysis of sono-Fenton treated wastewater of food industry using reactor by response surface method

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay A. Juwar ◽  
Ajit P. Rathod
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Molar Ratio

Abstract The present study deals with the treatment of complex waste (WW) treated for removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the food industry by a sono-Fenton process using a batch reactor. The response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to investigate the five independent variables, such as reaction time, the molar ratio of H2O2/Fe2+, volume ratio of H2O2/WW, pH of waste, and ultrasonic density on COD removal. The experimental data was optimized. The optimization yields the conditions: Reaction time of 24 min, HP:Fe molar ratio of 2.8, HP:WW volume ratio of 1.9 ml/L, pH of 3.6 and an ultrasonic density of 1.8 W/L. The predicted value of COD was 91% and the experimental result was 90%. The composite desirability value (D) of the predicted percent of COD removal at the optimized level of variables was close to one (D = 0.991).

scholarly journals Microbial communities in biological denitrification system using methanol as carbon source for treatment of reverse osmosis concentrate from coking wastewater

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enchao Li ◽  
Xuewen Jin ◽  
Shuguang Lu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Nitrite Reduction ◽  
Coking Wastewater ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Miseq Platform

Abstract A biological denitrifying process using methanol as a carbon source was employed for the treatment of reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC) from coking wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The results showed that the average removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon, total nitrogen and nitrate were 81.4%, 83.7%, 90.6% and 92.9%, respectively. Different microbial communities were identified on the MiSeq platform, showing that the most abundant bacterial phyla were Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, the sum of which, in this study, accounted for almost over 92%. The key genera responsible for denitrification were Hyphomicrobium, Thauera and Methyloversatilis. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify the absolute abundances of microbial genera by using 16S rRNAs and denitrifying genes, such as narG, nirS and nirK, during both start-up and stable operations in the SBR. nirS was much more abundant than nirK, thus became the main functional gene to execute nitrite reduction. The high removal efficiency of COD and nitrate suggests that a biological denitrifying process using SBR is an effective technique for treating ROC from coking wastewater.

Mainstream partial nitritation and anammox in a 200,000 m3/day activated sludge process in Singapore: scale-down by using laboratory fed-batch reactor

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cao Yeshi ◽  
Kwok Bee Hong ◽  
Mark C. M. van Loosdrecht ◽  
Glen T. Daigger ◽  
Png Hui Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Fed Batch ◽  
Partial Nitritation ◽  
Scale Down ◽  
Laboratory Reactor ◽  
Biological Phosphorus

A laboratory fed-batch reactor has been used to study under controlled conditions the performance of partial nitritation/anammox for the 200,000 m3/day step-feed activated sludge process at the Changi Water Reclamation Plant, Singapore. The similarity of the concentrations of NH4, NO2, NO3, PO4, suspended chemical oxygen demand (sCOD), pH, and alkalinity (ALK) between the on-site process and laboratory reactor illustrates that the laboratory fed-batch reactor can be used to simulate the site performance. The performance of the reactor fed by primary effluent illustrated the existence of anammox and heterotrophic denitrification and apparent excessive biological phosphorus removal as observed from the site. The performance of the reactor fed by final effluent proved the presence of anammox process on site. Both the laboratory reactor and on-site process showed that higher influent 5-day biochemical oxygen demand/total nitrogen (BOD5/TN) (COD/TN) ratio increases the nitrogen removal efficiency of the process.

scholarly journals Optimization of sequencing batch reactor for wastewater treatment using chemically enhanced primary treatment as a pre-treatment

Water SA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (3 July) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haroon R Mian ◽  
Sajjad Haydar ◽  
Ghulam Hussain ◽  
Gul -e-Hina
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Raw Wastewater

The sequencing batch reactor (SBR) is a wastewater treatment option feasible for low flows. The objective of this research was to optimize SBR by varying its operational parameters, viz. (i) settling time and (ii) reaction time. The study was conducted in two phases. In Phase 1, raw wastewater was fed into the SBR after conventional settling, while in Phase 2 raw wastewater was fed into the SBR after coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation. A bench-scale model was set up and domestic wastewater was used for this study. Performance of the treatment system was evaluated through 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids (TSS). The results demonstrated that reaction time was reduced to 4 h in Phase 2 compared to 10 h in Phase 1. The BOD, COD and TSS removal efficiencies observed in Phase 1 were 80%, 80% and 73%, respectively, and for Phase 2 the removal efficiencies were 74%, 75% and 80% respectively. National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) were met in both cases and the treatment cost per cubic metre of wastewater for Phase 2 was 2.5 times lower compared to Phase 1.

Effects of Nitrate Concentration on Heterotrophic Denitrification in Wastewater Using Poly (Butylene Succinate) as a Carbon Source and Carrier

2014 ◽  
Vol 665 ◽  
pp. 469-478
Author(s):  
Guo Zhi Luo ◽  
Wen Jing Sun ◽  
Qian Liu ◽  
Yu Hu ◽  
Hong Xin Tan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Butylene Succinate ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Biofilm Carrier ◽  
Heterotrophic Denitrification

Biodegradable polymer pellets (BDPs) can act as biofilm carrier and as water insoluble carbon source for denitrification simultaneously, which is accessible only by enzymatic attack. It is expected that organic carbon source for heterotrophic denitrification by using BDPs will not be overdose or shortage. The current batch experiment was conducted to examine if the PBS would supply enough carbon source to the denitrification with high concentration nitrate. The initial nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) concentrations were 100 mg NO3-N/l (T1), 300 mg NO3-N/l (T2) and 500 mg NO3-N/l (T3) respectively. The results showed that the initial nitrate concentrations have significant effects on the removal of nitrate nitrogen and total nitrogen (TN) using PBS as carbon source. The efficiencies of removal of nitrate and TN in T1 were almost 100%. The amounts of NO3--N and TN that were removed in T2 were 286.60±6.66 mg NO3-N/g PBS (in dry wt), which was significantly higher than that of T1 and T3. Accumulation of ammonium and nitrite were observed in T2 and T3. The morphological changes and the weight losses observed for PBS granules indicated that good degradation occurred in static denitrification environments. But the insufficient of carbon sources for denitrification in T2 and T3 was observed.

The activated sludge metabolic characteristics changing sole carbon source from readily biodegradable acetate to toxic phenol

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 2324-2331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changyong Wu ◽  
Yuexi Zhou ◽  
Jiamei Song
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Metabolic Characteristics ◽  
Microbial Products ◽  
Intracellular Storage

A sequencing batch reactor was used to investigate the effect of carbon sources on the metabolism of activated sludge. Acetate and phenol, with the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 330–350 mg L−1, was used as the carbon source in Periods I and II, respectively. Acetate decreased in the initial 120 min with the intracellular storage materials (XSTO), extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and the soluble microbial products (SMP) accumulating to 131.0 mg L−1, 347.5 mg L−1, and 35.5 mg L−1, respectively. Then, XSTO and EPS decreased to 124.5 mg L−1 and 340.0 mg L−1, respectively, in the following 120 min. When acetate was replaced by phenol, it could not be used at the beginning due to its toxicity. The XSTO decreased from 142 mg L−1 to 54.6 mg L−1 during the aeration period. The EPS had a significant increase, with the highest value of 618.1 mg L−1, which then decreased to 245.6 mg L−1 at 240 min. The phenol was gradually degraded with the acclimation and it can be fully degraded 18 d later. Meanwhile, the usage ratio of the internal carbon source decreased. The effluent SMP in Period II was 1.7 times that in Period I.

Peranan BOD biosensor untuk proses optimasi pengolahan limbah sintetik di SBR

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Lindawati Lindawati
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Oxygen Demand

Sebuah Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) digunakan untuk mengevaluasi peranan Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) biosensor dalam proses optimasi proses pengolahan nutrien karbon, nitrogen dan fosfat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa BOD biosensor dapat dipergunakan untuk penentuan karbon organik, sehingga reduksi siklus SBR dapat dilakukan dan efisiensi proses meningkat. Pola konsumsi karbon organik ditemukan dengan adanya ‘tanda diam’ pada fase anoksik/ anaerobik, di mana dari tanda ini, fase aerobik dapat segera dimulai. Reduksi durasi siklus SBR dari 8 jam menjadi 4 jam meningkatkan efiesiensi pengolahan C, N dan P yang meningkat pula (hampir dua kali lebih tinggi).

Temperature control in a chemical reactor through variable area of the heat transfer surface. Experimental verification

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 446-453
Author(s):  
Josef Horák ◽  
František Jiráček ◽  
Libuše Ježová
Keyword(s):  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Exothermic Reaction ◽  
Chemical Reactor ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Heat Transfer Surface ◽  
Laboratory Reactor ◽  
Hysteresis Control ◽  
Relay With Hysteresis ◽  
Rate Of Response ◽  
The Ideal

A possibility has been tested in the paper of the feed back control of temperature of the reaction mixture in a batch reactor with an exothermic reaction through the variable area of the cooling surface. The measurement were carried out in a laboratory reactor with a retractable cooler which was being immersed into the reaction mixture. The speed of motion of the cooler was sufficiently high permitting the process of immersion to be regarded as practically instantaneous. The aim of the control was to stabilize the set point temperature of the reaction mixture by a two-point controler. In dependence on the rate of response of the system to a change of the section variable either the ideal relay or the relay with hysteresis control algorithmus were used. The results of measurements showed that with the aid of a retractable cooler the temperature could be controlled safely even in those cases, in which the control by the variable flow rate of the coolant was unfeasible. The verification was carried out in the open-loop instable operating point of the reactor.

scholarly journals Study on Chromaticity Removal from Mineral Processing Wastewater with Salicylic Hydroxamic Acid by Granular Activated Carbon Catalyzed Ozonation

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 359
Author(s):  
Liping Zhang ◽  
Shengnian Wu ◽  
Nan Zhang ◽  
Ruihan Yao ◽  
Eryong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Hydroxamic Acid ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Mineral Processing ◽  
Ultraviolet Absorption Spectrum ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Removal Ratio

Salicylic hydroxamic acid is a novel flotation reagent used in mineral processing. However, it impacts the flotation wastewater leaving behind high chromaticity which limits its reuse and affects discharge for mining enterprises. This study researched ozonation catalyzed by the granular activated carbon (GAC) method to treat the chromaticity of the simulated mineral processing wastewater with salicylic hydroxamic acid. The effects of pH value, ozone (O3) concentration, GAC dosage, and reaction time on chromaticity and chemical oxygen demand (CODCr) removal were discussed. The results of individual ozonation experiments showed that the chromaticity removal ratio reached 79% and the effluent chromaticity exceeded the requirement of reuse and discharge when the optimal experimental conditions were pH value 3, ozone concentration 6 mg/L, and reaction time 40 min. The orthogonal experimental results of catalytic ozonation with GAC on chromaticity removal explained that the chromaticity removal ratio could reach 96.36% and the chromaticity of effluent was only 20 when the optimal level of experimental parameters was pH value 2.87, O3 concentration 6 mg/L, GAC dosage 0.06 g/L, reaction time 60 min respectively. The degradation pathway of salicylic hydroxamic acid by ozonation was also considered based on an analysis with ultraviolet absorption spectrum and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

scholarly journals Production of High Purity Biosurfactants Using Heavy Oil Residues as Carbon Source

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3557
Author(s):  
Athina Mandalenaki ◽  
Nicolas Kalogerakis ◽  
Eleftheria Antoniou
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Heavy Oil Residues ◽  
Oil Residue ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Heavy Oil Residue

Typically, oil pollution cleanup procedures following first response actions include dispersion. Crude oil is biodegradable, and its bioavailability can be increased when dispersed into very fine droplets by means of chemical surfactants. Although their use is widely spread in many applications, the latter may prove toxic, depending on the extent of use. The use of biological means, such as bioremediation and biosurfactants, has emerged over the past years as a very promising ‘green’ alternative technology. Biosurfactants (BSs) are amphiphilic molecules produced by microorganisms during biodegradation, thus increasing the bioavailability of the organic pollutants. It is their biodegradability and low toxicity that render BSs as a very promising alternative to the synthetic ones. Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2 strain ability to produce BSs, without any impurities from the substrate, was investigated. The biosurfactant production was scaled up by means of a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and a heavy oil residue substrate as the carbon source. The product is free from substrate impurities, and its efficiency is tested on oil bioremediation in the marine environment. The product’s dispersion efficiency was determined by the baffled flask test. The production method proposed can have a significant impact to the market, given the ever-increasing demand for ecologically friendly, reliable, commercially viable and economically competitive environmental cleanup techniques.

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