Treatment of dairy wastewater by two-stage membrane operation with ultrafiltration and nanofiltration

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 915-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Wen Gong ◽  
Hong-Xun Zhang ◽  
Xue-Ni Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Isoelectric Point ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Dairy Wastewater ◽  
Membrane Process ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Membrane Cleaning ◽  
Long Term Experiments ◽  
Protein Rejection

Treatment of dairy wastewater by a two-stage membrane process with ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF) was investigated. The results showed that the flux of UF was higher at pH = 4.6 than that at pH = 8 because the resistance of the fouling membrane was lower at the isoelectric point of protein (pH = 4.6) in UF operation. Protein rejection exceeded 99% by UF + NF operation. Lactose rejections were 98.5 and 54% for UF + NF90 and UF + NF270 respectively. Experiments on membrane cleaning showed that the fouling layer of UF and NF was mainly protein and casein which could be removed by aqueous NaOH with pH = 10. The result of long-term experiments showed that the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of NF90 permeates was below 70 mg/L consistently and the wastewater could be concentrated to 24% by a two-stage membrane process.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the potential of utilizing lactic acid bacteria and dairy wastewaters for methane production

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 388-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grazina Juodeikiene ◽  
Dalia Cizeikiene ◽  
Christoph Glasner ◽  
Elena Bartkiene ◽  
Alexander Dikiy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
Lactobacillus Delbrueckii ◽  
Dairy Wastewater ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
One Stage ◽  
The One

The aim of this study was to assess the potential of utilizing Lactobacillus delbrüeckii spp. bulgaricus in order to improve the characteristics of dairy wastewater and produce biomethane. Nuclear magnetic resonance was utilized to assess the metabolites present in the unprocessed wastewater. It was determined that wastewater is a good source of important bio-refinery relevant compounds and therefore wastewater has a potential to be utilized during fermentation as nutrients source. Upon wastewater fermentation, the chemical oxygen demand and biological oxygen demand significantly decreased (respectively 97.0 and 97.8%). Protocols were tested for one- and two-stage fermentation. During the one-stage fermentation, lactic acid bacteria were not added to the wastewater. During the two-stage fermentation, acetogenesis and methanogenesis occurred separately with the addition of L. delbdueckii during the acetogenesis stage. The highest yield of methane was obtained from wastewater upon two-stage fermentation (76% two-stages compared to 38% one-stage). Therefore, L. delbrüeckii have the potential to be utilized to ferment dairy WWs and produce methane. Such treatment of wastewater not only produces methane, but also decreases the polluting effect of the waste streams, by reducing the chemical oxygen demand and biological oxygen demand to 0.199 and 0.031 g/l, respectively.

scholarly journals Effect of applied voltage on membrane fouling in the amplifying anaerobic electrochemical membrane bioreactor for long-term operation

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (50) ◽  
pp. 31364-31372
Author(s):  
Mengjing Cao ◽  
Yongxiang Zhang ◽  
Yan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Applied Voltage ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Glucose Solution ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Long Time

A novel and amplifying anaerobic electrochemical membrane bioreactor was constructed and operated for a long time (204 days) with synthetic glucose solution having an average chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 315 mg L−1, at different applied voltages and room temperatures.

Treatment of leachate from municipal solid waste of Mostaganem district in Algeria: Decision support for advising a process treatment

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Bourechech ◽  
F Abdelmalek ◽  
MR Ghezzar ◽  
A Addou
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Fenton Process ◽  
Adsorption Processes ◽  
The One ◽  
Suitable Process

The aim of this work is to propose a plan for the choice of a suitable process for the treatment of a young leachate from municipal solid waste. Classical processes were applied: Fenton process, the coupling coagulation-Fenton process and the adsorption on powdered activated carbon (PAC). The study involves synthesised leachates from three types of wastes collected from sanitary landfill (SL): leachate of putrescible fraction (Lp), paper-cardboard (Lpc), sawdust (Ls) and the one of landfill (Lsl). The optimal operating conditions have been determined for the three processes: Fenton: [H2O2] = 6.8 g L-1 and [Fe2+] = 2.8 g L-1, coagulation: [Fe3+] = 0.3 g L-1 and adsorption: [PAC] = 60 g L-1. The three processes gave reduction rates of chemical oxygen demand ranging from 50% to 85% for Lp, 87% to 97% for Lpc and 61% to 87% for Ls. Whereas for Lsl, it was of 45%, 56% and 80% for the Fenton, coagulation-Fenton and adsorption processes, respectively. A modelling study was conducted to calculate the chemical oxygen demand of leachate produced during 25 years for different thicknesses of waste. This predicted value is used to advise for the process treatment to apply and to assess the environmental impacts in the long term.

Treatment of anaerobically digested dairy manure in a two-stage biofiltration system

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 1975-1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengjing Xia ◽  
Wendong Tao ◽  
Ziyuan Wang ◽  
Yuansheng Pei
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Sand Filters ◽  
Soluble Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Anaerobically Digested Dairy Manure

High concentrations of ammonium and phosphate present a challenge to cost-effective treatment of anaerobically digested dairy manure. This study investigated the efficacy of a two-stage biofiltration system for passive treatment of digested dairy manure. The first stage pebble filters were batch loaded. When the slurry-like digested dairy manure was retained on pebble beds, soluble contaminants were removed before liquid infiltrated over 8–17 days. The pebble filters removed 70% of soluble chemical oxygen demand, 71% of soluble biochemical oxygen demand, 75% of ammonium, and 68% of orthophosphate. Nitrogen removal was attributed to the conventional nitrification – denitrification process and novel nitritation – anammox process. Aerobic ammonium oxidizing and anammox bacteria accounted for 25 and 23% of all bacteria, respectively, in the filtrate of the pebble filters. The longer it took for filtration, the greater the removal efficiency of soluble contaminants. The second stage sand filters had removal efficiencies of 17% for soluble chemical oxygen demand, 45% for soluble biochemical oxygen demand, 43% for ammonium, and 16% for orthophosphate during batch operations at a hydraulic retention time of 7 days. Aerobic ammonium oxidation and anammox were primarily responsible for nitrogen removal in the sand filters. Vegetation made an insignificant difference in treatment performance of the sand filters.

scholarly journals Long-term performance of a microbial electrolysis cell operated with periodic disconnection of power supply

RSC Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (30) ◽  
pp. 16842-16849 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Hussain ◽  
M. Perrier ◽  
B. Tartakovsky
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Electrolysis Cell ◽  
Microbial Electrolysis Cell ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Microbial Electrolysis ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance

This study describes a new approach for achieving stable long-term performance and maximizing removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in a Microbial Electrolysis Cell (MEC) by periodic disconnection of the MEC power supply.

scholarly journals Two-Stage System Based on a Software-Defined Radio for Stabilizing of Optical Frequency Combs in Long-Term Experiments

Sensors ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1757-1770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Čížek ◽  
Václav Hucl ◽  
Jan Hrabina ◽  
Radek Šmíd ◽  
Břetislav Mikel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Software Defined Radio ◽  
Optical Frequency ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Optical Frequency Combs ◽  
Frequency Combs ◽  
Long Term Experiments ◽  
Stage System

scholarly journals Acidogenesis of dairy wastewater at various pH levels

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-Q. Yu ◽  
H.H.P. Fang
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Dairy Wastewater ◽  
Alcohol Production ◽  
Mixed Liquor ◽  
Influence Of Ph ◽  
Fatty Acids And Alcohols

Continuous experiments were conducted to study the influence of pH in the range 4.0–6.5 on the acidification of dairy wastewater at 37°C with 12 hours of hydraulic retention in an upflow reactor. Results showed that degradation of dairy pollutants increased with pH from pH 4.0 to 5.5. At pH 5.5, 95% of carbohydrate, 82% of protein and 41% of lipid were degraded. Based on chemical oxygen demand (COD), 48.4% of dairy pollutants were converted into volatile fatty acids and alcohols in the mixed liquor, 6.1% into hydrogen and methane in biogas, and the remaining 4.9% into biomass. The biomass yield at pH 5.5 was estimated as 0.32 mg-VSS/mg-COD. Further increase of pH, up to 6.5, increased degradation of carbohydrate, protein and lipid only slightly, but resulted in the lowering of overall acid and alcohol production due to their increased conversion into methane. Acetate, propionate, butyrate and ethanol are the main products of acidogenesis. Productions of propionate and ethanol were favored at pH 4.0−4.5, whereas productions of acetate and butyrate were favored at pH 6.0−6.5.

A Two Bioreactor Treating Brewery Wastewater

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 1138-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edith I. Madukasi ◽  
Gaung Ming Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Brewery Wastewater ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Dark Incubation

A two stage bioreactor was employed in bioremediation study of laboratory simulated brewery wastewater. Two weeks anaerobic dark incubation of the artificial brewery wastewater without external seeding resulted in an effluent with 138mgl-1VFA; the chemical oxygen demand decreased from 10,000 to 7,814mgl-1 total nitrogen and total phosphorus recorded 18.63 and 18.95% reductions. Further treatment of the anaerobic effluent with a photobacterium named Z08, reduced both the pollutants (COD, TN, TP) and high energy molecules (VFA) significantly by 36.8, 67.5, 27.0, and 60% respectively. Addition of 200mgl-1 NH2-CO-NH2 to the effluent yielded the best result, reducing COD, TN, TP and VFA by 67.5, 68.9, 34.2 and 82%.

scholarly journals Potential of Microalgae Cultivation in Dairy Wastewater as a Step in Low-Cost Biofuel Production

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Basma Abbas Abdulmajeed ◽  
Arwa Raad Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Dairy Wastewater ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Microalgae Cultivation ◽  
Chlorella Sp

The present study addresses adopting the organic and nutritious materials in dairy wastewater as media for cultivation of microalgae, which represent an important source of renewable energy. This study was carried out through cultivation of three types of microalgae; Chlorella sp., Synechococcus, and Anabaena. The results shows the success the cultivation of the Synechococcus and  Chlorella Sp, while the Anabaena microalgae were in low-growth level. The highest growth was in the Synechococcus farm, followed by Chlorella and Anabaena. However, the growth of Synechococcus required 10 days to achieve this increase that represents a negative indicator of the adoption of this type of microalgae in this media to meet the desired aims. While Chlorella needs less than two days to start growing. Moreover, the data obtained from the experiment show that removal of chemical oxygen demand in Chlorella cultures was (72%) more than that obtained from cultivation of other microalgae. Thus this microalgae is more efficient in wastewater treatment than other types.  

scholarly journals Biological Purification of Chemically Pre-Treated Dairy Wastewater before Discharge into a Municipal Sewage Systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
Gábor Gulyás ◽  
Bence Fazekas ◽  
Regina Varga ◽  
Árpád Kárpáti
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Dairy Wastewater ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Biological Purification ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract Dairy production is one of the most inefficient processes with respect to water usage in the food industry. It was estimated that the production of a litre of milk creates three to four litres of wastewater. Dairy wastewater contains a high amount of dissolved and suspended solids. Moreover, it contains high concentrations of fat, protein, and carbohydrate. Consequently, the dairy wastewater content of organic compounds is high and so is its chemical oxygen demand. The majority of organic compounds are biodegradable with a high biological and chemical oxygen demand ratio. In this work, we examined the biological purification of physico-chemically pretreated wastewater from a Hungarian milk-processing factory before it was discharged into the public sewage system. The chemical oxygen demand of the pre-treated wastewater ranged from 500 to 2500 mg dm-3. We found that it was possible to achieve efficient organic material removal from nutrient-poor wastewater without nutrient dosage contrary to the literature. The activated sludge system manifested efficient organic material removal that required a smaller biological volume. Experiments with biofilms have shown that a thicker biofilm needs more dissolved oxygen, which dictates oxygen input levels to be sufficient for creating an aerobic environment.

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