scholarly journals The effect of intermittent operation on a wind-powered membrane system for brackish water desalination

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 867-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Park ◽  
A. I. Schäfer ◽  
B. S. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Intermittent Operation ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Term Storage ◽  
System Operating

Renewable energy powered membrane systems that are directly-connected must take account of both the inherent fluctuations and the intermittency of the energy resource. In order to determine the effect of intermittent operation, a membrane system was tested with variables of (i) amplitude from 60 to 300 W and (ii) length of time with no power from 0.5 to 3 min. This was performed over one hour periods with six on/off cycles to simulate the system operating under intermittent operation for short periods of time when directly-connected to a small wind turbine. The setup used a Filmtec BW30-4040 brackish water reverse osmosis membrane with feed waters of 2,750 mg/L and 5,500 mg/L NaCl. The results showed that the membrane system produced potable water under the majority of intermittency experiments performed. There was a relatively large increase in the average salt concentration of the permeate, especially when the system was off for shorter periods of time (0.5–1 min). Longer periods of no power (1–3 min) did not have as significant an effect on the average water quality. This is important when the need for energy buffering or short term storage is considered for these systems as it shows the potential for improving the overall flux and water quality using temporary energy storage.

scholarly journals Renewable Energy Powered Membrane Technology: Electrical Energy Storage Options for a Photovoltaic-Powered Brackish Water Desalination System

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 856
Author(s):  
Sheying Li ◽  
Ana P. S. G. de Carvalho ◽  
Andrea I. Schäfer ◽  
Bryce S. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Battery Capacity

The potential for lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries and supercapacitors (SCs) to overcome long-term (one day) and short-term (a few minutes) solar irradiance fluctuations with high-temporal-resolution (one s) on a photovoltaic-powered reverse osmosis membrane (PV-membrane) system was investigated. Experiments were conducted using synthetic brackish water (5-g/L sodium chloride) with varied battery capacities (100, 70, 50, 40, 30 and 20 Ah) to evaluate the effect of decreasing the energy storage capacities. A comparison was made between SCs and batteries to determine system performance on a “partly cloudyday”. With fully charged batteries, clean drinking water was produced at an average specific energy consumption (SEC) of 4 kWh/m3. The daily water production improved from 663 L to 767 L (16% increase) and average electrical conductivity decreased from 310 µS/cm to 274 μS/cm (12% improvement), compared to the battery-less system. Enhanced water production occurred when the initial battery capacity was >50 Ah. On a “sunny” and “very cloudy” day with fully charged batteries, water production increased by 15% and 80%, while water quality improved by 18% and 21%, respectively. The SCs enabled a 9% increase in water production and 13% improvement in the average SEC on the “partly cloudy day” when compared to the reference system performance (without SCs).

scholarly journals Experimental versus theoretical study of reverse osmosis pilot scaling: The case of Algerian brackish water desalination

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Abderrezak Bouchareb ◽  
Mehdi Metaiche ◽  
Hakim Lounici
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Rejection Rate ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Ground Water Quality

Abstract In recent years, the increasing threat to ground water quality due to human activities has become a matter of great concern. The ground water quality problems present today are caused by contamination and by over exploitation or by combination of both. Reverse osmosis (RO) desalination is one of the main technologies for producing fresh water from sea water and brackish ground water. Algeria is one of the countries which suffer from the water shortage since many years, so desalination technology becomes inevitable solution to this matter. In this study, a comparison is provided of results of reverse osmosis desalination for three different qualities of brackish water from the central-east region of Algeria (Bouira and Setif Prefectures), wherein they cannot use it as human drinking or in irrigation systems. The main objective of our study is to establish a comparison of the reverse osmosis membrane TW30-2540 performances in the term of (permeate flow, recovery rate, permeate total dissolved solids – TDS and salts rejection) under different operation pressures (each one takes a time of 720 second for pilot scaling). In order to make an overview comparison between the experimental and the simulated results we used ROSA (Reverse Osmosis System Analysis) software. At the end of this study we noted that, the simulated results are lower than the pilot scaling values and the most removed salts are the sodium chlorides with 99.05% of rejection rate.

Influence of raw water storage on Giardia, Cryptosporidium and Nematodes

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Bertolucci ◽  
G. Gilli ◽  
E. Carraro ◽  
D. Giacosa ◽  
M. Puppo
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Surface Water Treatment ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Term Storage

A watershed derived from a disused gravel-quarry has been studied for the relocation of the catchment area of Turin surface water treatment plants. The improvement of river water quality as a consequence of short-term storage has been investigated, focusing the attention on three problem organisms, namely the parasitic protozoans Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. and the free-living Nematodes, which could be considered indicators of healthy compliance and product agreeability respectively.

scholarly journals Decline in recycled water quality during short-term storage in open ponds

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Higgins ◽  
Jan Warnken ◽  
Peter R. Teasdale ◽  
J. Michael Arthur
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Faecal Coliforms ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Australian Water ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Short Term Storage ◽  
Term Storage

Changes were assessed in urban wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent quality during short-term storage in open surface ponds. Water quality was monitored over five years at the inlets and outlets of open storage ponds located at three biological nutrient removal plants. Pond influent temperature, rainfall and sewage inflow were not found to be major factors. However, there was a trend for water temperature to be correlated negatively with nitrogenous nutrient and positively with faecal coliform values. The observed increases in faecal coliforms, nutrients and chemical oxygen demand were most likely caused through avian faecal contamination. These increases challenge the notion that pond storage has a positive or negligible effect on effluent quality. The observed one to two orders of magnitude increase in faecal coliforms may affect reuse scheme viability by limiting the range of uses under Australian water recycling guidelines. Potential improvements to short-term recycled water storage management at WWTPs could include the integration of monitoring requirements in WWTP discharge licences and recycling guidelines and the monitoring of all water quality parameters, including microbiological ones, at the point of entry into the recycled water distribution system, after WWTP storage, rather than directly post-disinfection.

scholarly journals Economics and Energy Consumption of Brackish Water Reverse Osmosis Desalination: Innovations and Impacts of Feedwater Quality

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 616
Author(s):  
Jeffrey L. Pearson ◽  
Peter R. Michael ◽  
Noreddine Ghaffour ◽  
Thomas M. Missimer
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Plant Capacity

Brackish water desalination, using the reverse osmosis (BWRO) process, has become common in global regions, where vast reserves of brackish groundwater are found (e.g., the United States, North Africa). A literature survey and detailed analyses of several BWRO facilities in Florida have revealed some interesting and valuable information on the costs and energy use. Depending on the capacity, water quality, and additional scope items, the capital cost (CAPEX) ranges from USD 500 to USD 2947/m3 of the capacity (USD 690–USD 4067/m3 corrected for inflation to 2020). The highest number was associated with the City of Cape Coral North Plant, Florida, which had an expanded project scope. The general range of the operating cost (OPEX) is USD 0.39 to USD 0.66/m3 (cannot be corrected for inflation), for a range of capacities from 10,000 to 70,000 m3/d. The feed-water quality, in the range of 2000 to 6000 mg/L of the total dissolved solids, does not significantly impact the OPEX. There is a significant scaling trend, with OPEX cost reducing as plant capacity increases, but there is considerable scatter based on the pre- and post-treatment complexity. Many BWRO facilities operate with long-term increases in the salinity of the feedwater (groundwater), caused by pumping-induced vertical and horizontal migration of the higher salinity water. Any cost and energy increase that is caused by the higher feed water salinity, can be significantly mitigated by using energy recovery, which is not commonly used in BWRO operations. OPEX in BWRO systems is likely to remain relatively constant, based on the limitation on the plant capacity, caused by the brackish water availability at a given site. Seawater reverse osmosis facilities, with a very large capacity, have a lower OPEX compared to the upper range of BWRO, because of capacity scaling, special electrical energy deals, and process design certainty.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document