Column studies to determine mercury settling in road runoff

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-470
Author(s):  
XiaoJun Zuo ◽  
DaFang Fu ◽  
He Li
Keyword(s):  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Initial Distribution ◽  
Road Runoff ◽  
Column Studies ◽  
Rainfall Characteristics ◽  
Settling Column ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Settling Process

A study was performed using a settling column to remove mercury (Hg) from road runoff. The emphasis was placed on the relationship between Hg removal and critical settling velocities, as well as the distribution of total suspended solids (TSS). The impact of rainfall characteristics and temperature on Hg removal was also discussed. Results indicated that Hg removal was significant within the initial 30 min of the settling process. The Hg removal rate increased with the decrease of critical settling velocity, and this trend became gradually significant, which could be used as an important reference for the optimization of sedimentation basin design. Hg removal at different settling times was significantly related to initial distribution of TSS. The impact of rainfall intensity on Hg removal was greater than other parameters of precipitation features, followed by rainfall. In addition, Hg removal was moderately related to temperature. The effect of antecedent dry periods on Hg removal was restricted by rainfall and rainfall intensity.

scholarly journals Removal Effect of Basic Oxygen Furnace Slag Porous Asphalt Concrete on Copper and Zinc in Road Runoff

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5327
Author(s):  
Tianyuan Yang ◽  
Meizhu Chen ◽  
Shaopeng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Basic Oxygen Furnace ◽  
Road Runoff ◽  
Basic Oxygen ◽  
Porous Asphalt ◽  
Bof Slag ◽  
Porous Asphalt Concrete

In order to improve the utilization efficiency of road runoff and the remove effects of heavy metals, porous asphalt pavements have been used as an effective measure to deal with heavy metals in road runoff. However, the removal effect on dissolved heavy metal is weak. In this paper, basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag was used as aggregate in porous asphalt concrete to improve the removal capacity of heavy metal. Road runoff solution with a copper concentration of 0.533 mg/L and a zinc concentration of 0.865 mg/L was artificially synthesized. The removal effect of BOF slag porous asphalt concrete on cooper and zinc in runoff was evaluated by removal tests. The influence of rainfall intensity and time on the removal effect was discussed. The results obtained indicated that BOF slag porous asphalt concrete has a better removal effect on copper. The removal rate of copper is 57–79% at the rainfall intensity of 5–40 mm/h. The removal rate of zinc is more susceptible to the changes of rainfall intensity than copper. The removal rate of zinc in heavy rain conditions (40 mm/h) is only 25%. But in light rain conditions (5 mm/h), BOF slag porous asphalt concrete maintains favorable removal rates of both copper and zinc, which are more than 60%. The heavy metal content of runoff infiltrating through the BOF slag porous asphalt concrete meets the requirements for irrigation water and wastewater discharge. The results of this study provide evidence for the environmentally friendly reuse of BOF slag as a road material and the improvement of the removal of heavy metal by porous asphalt concrete.

Characteristics of heavy metal pollution in road runoff in the Nanjing urban area, East China

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (9) ◽  
pp. 1961-1971
Author(s):  
Hongqin Xue ◽  
Li Zhao ◽  
Xiaodong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Rainfall Amount ◽  
Road Runoff ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
Average Rainfall ◽  
The Impact

Abstract An extensive field survey was conducted in four types of road area to study heavy metals in road runoff. Eleven rainfall events were monitored from February 2011 to March 2012, which were classified into four categories according to the relationship between peak of the rainfall amount, rainfall duration, and average rainfall intensity. Runoff samples were collected from overpass sections, college areas, residential areas, and road sidewalks. Heavy metal concentrations were obtained to investigate the outflow laws governing heavy metals in runoff. The concentration fluctuations of seven heavy metals were monitored to assess the influence of rainfall characteristics on metal concentrations. To estimate the impact of heavy metals on the water environment, the event mean concentrations (EMCs) were determined to describe the overall pollution degree of heavy metal in runoff, and then the EMC values of heavy metals in runoff were compared with surface water environmental quality standard thresholds. The results indicate that the EMC values of heavy metals varied widely in different rainfall fields and under the same rainfall at different sampling points. Average rainfall intensity has a significant impact on the EMC of heavy metal outflow, followed by maximum rainfall intensity and rainfall amount.

Concept of a New Pluviometer for Metering Rainfall Erosivity

2012 ◽  
Vol 452-453 ◽  
pp. 316-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Alaimo ◽  
Mauro De Marchis ◽  
Gabriele Freni ◽  
Antonio Messineo ◽  
Dario Ticali
Keyword(s):  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Rainfall Erosivity ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Empirical Relationships ◽  
Rainfall Characteristics ◽  
Natural Rainfall ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Raindrop Splash ◽  
The Impact

Rainfall is the main driver of several natural phenomena having a large impact on human activities. Its monitoring is then very important for natural disaster prevention and for the preservation of the environment. One important phenomenon is related to soil displacement due to rainfall impact. The intensity of physical soil degradation, detachment and transport of soil particles by raindrop splash and interrill erosion is largely controlled by rainfall characteristics. There is still a lot of debate as to whichparameter expresses the best rainfall erosivity. Due to the limited data ondrop-size distribution of natural rainfall and the time consuming nature of methods to obtain these data, rain erosivity parameters are commonly obtained from empirical relationships based on rainfall intensity. This paper describes an a new pluviometer able to measure several raindrop variables and assess rainfall kinetic energy at the impact with the ground. It enables one to measure drop size and drop velocity in real time and thus any parameter linked to rainfall erosivity. The pluviometer is based on the combination of optical and electrical sensors and it is based on cheap technologies in order to allow the easy distribution of several monitoring station on the analyzed area. A description of the device and of its sensor is presented in the present paper.

Accent Policy and Accent Modification Enterprises as Potential Indicators of Intercultural Power Relations: A Call for an Updated Research Agenda

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brynne D. Ovalle ◽  
Rahul Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Cultural Organization ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This article has two purposes: (a) to examine the relationship between intercultural power relations and the widespread practice of accent discrimination and (b) to underscore the ramifications of accent discrimination both for the individual and for global society as a whole. First, authors review social theory regarding language and group identity construction, and then go on to integrate more current studies linking accent bias to sociocultural variables. Authors discuss three examples of intercultural accent discrimination in order to illustrate how this link manifests itself in the broader context of international relations (i.e., how accent discrimination is generated in situations of unequal power) and, using a review of current research, assess the consequences of accent discrimination for the individual. Finally, the article highlights the impact that linguistic discrimination is having on linguistic diversity globally, partially using data from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and partially by offering a potential context for interpreting the emergence of practices that seek to reduce or modify speaker accents.

Business: Making Cents of Coding Systems: Billing for Professional Services

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Dee Adams Nikjeh
Keyword(s):  
Professional Services ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Coding Systems ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
Program Funding ◽  
Fee Schedule ◽  
Procedure Codes ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Administrators and supervisors face daily challenges over issues such as program funding, service fees, correct coding procedures, and the ever-changing healthcare regulations. Receiving equitable reimbursement for speech-language pathology and audiology services necessitates an understanding of federal coding and reimbursement systems. This tutorial provides information pertaining to two major healthcare coding systems and explains the relationship of these systems to clinical documentation, the Medicare Physician Fee Schedule and equitable reimbursement. An explanation of coding edits and coding modifiers is provided for use in those occasional atypical situations when the standard use of procedural coding may not be appropriate. Also included in this tutorial is a brief discussion of the impact that the Medicare Improvements for Patients and Providers Act of 2008 (HR 6331 Medicare Improvements for Patients and Providers Act [MIPPA], 2008) has had on the valuation of speech-language pathology procedure codes.

The Need to Belong and the Relationship Between Loneliness and Health

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 194-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Freda-Marie Hartung ◽  
Britta Renner
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Health State ◽  
Need To Belong ◽  
First Year University ◽  
Perceived Social Isolation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Humans are social animals; consequently, a lack of social ties affects individuals’ health negatively. However, the desire to belong differs between individuals, raising the question of whether individual differences in the need to belong moderate the impact of perceived social isolation on health. In the present study, 77 first-year university students rated their loneliness and health every 6 weeks for 18 weeks. Individual differences in the need to belong were found to moderate the relationship between loneliness and current health state. Specifically, lonely students with a high need to belong reported more days of illness than those with a low need to belong. In contrast, the strength of the need to belong had no effect on students who did not feel lonely. Thus, people who have a strong need to belong appear to suffer from loneliness and become ill more often, whereas people with a weak need to belong appear to stand loneliness better and are comparatively healthy. The study implies that social isolation does not impact all individuals identically; instead, the fit between the social situation and an individual’s need appears to be crucial for an individual’s functioning.

Investigating the Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Stigma Among Young Adults With History of Suicide Attempts

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meshan Lehmann ◽  
Matthew R. Hilimire ◽  
Lawrence H. Yang ◽  
Bruce G. Link ◽  
Jordan E. DeVylder
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
High Functioning ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Background: Self-esteem is a major contributor to risk for repeated suicide attempts. Prior research has shown that awareness of stigma is associated with reduced self-esteem among people with mental illness. No prior studies have examined the association between self-esteem and stereotype awareness among individuals with past suicide attempts. Aims: To understand the relationship between stereotype awareness and self-esteem among young adults who have and have not attempted suicide. Method: Computerized surveys were administered to college students (N = 637). Linear regression analyses were used to test associations between self-esteem and stereotype awareness, attempt history, and their interaction. Results: There was a significant stereotype awareness by attempt interaction (β = –.74, p = .006) in the regression analysis. The interaction was explained by a stronger negative association between stereotype awareness and self-esteem among individuals with past suicide attempts (β = –.50, p = .013) compared with those without attempts (β = –.09, p = .037). Conclusion: Stigma is associated with lower self-esteem within this high-functioning sample of young adults with histories of suicide attempts. Alleviating the impact of stigma at the individual (clinical) or community (public health) levels may improve self-esteem among this high-risk population, which could potentially influence subsequent suicide risk.

Assessing the Impact of Suicide Exclusion Periods on Life Insurance

Crisis ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Yip ◽  
David Pitt ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Xueyuan Wu ◽  
Ray Watson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Insurance ◽  
Accidental Death ◽  
Insurance Policy ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Insurance Policies ◽  
Suicidal Death ◽  
Insured Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insurance Data ◽  
The Relationship

Background: We study the impact of suicide-exclusion periods, common in life insurance policies in Australia, on suicide and accidental death rates for life-insured individuals. If a life-insured individual dies by suicide during the period of suicide exclusion, commonly 13 months, the sum insured is not paid. Aims: We examine whether a suicide-exclusion period affects the timing of suicides. We also analyze whether accidental deaths are more prevalent during the suicide-exclusion period as life-insured individuals disguise their death by suicide. We assess the relationship between the insured sum and suicidal death rates. Methods: Crude and age-standardized rates of suicide, accidental death, and overall death, split by duration since the insured first bought their insurance policy, were computed. Results: There were significantly fewer suicides and no significant spike in the number of accidental deaths in the exclusion period for Australian life insurance data. More suicides, however, were detected for the first 2 years after the exclusion period. Higher insured sums are associated with higher rates of suicide. Conclusions: Adverse selection in Australian life insurance is exacerbated by including a suicide-exclusion period. Extension of the suicide-exclusion period to 3 years may prevent some “insurance-induced” suicides – a rationale for this conclusion is given.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document