Pretreatment methods for aquatic plant biomass as carbon sources for potential use in treating eutrophic water in subsurface-flow constructed wetlands

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 2328-2335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-Feng Huang ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Jia-Jia Shang ◽  
Yi Feng ◽  
Jia Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Aquatic Plant ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Average Ratio ◽  
Eutrophic Water ◽  
Potential Use

Plant biomass is usually added to constructed wetlands (CW) to enhance denitrification. In this study, we investigated effects of different pretreatments on two common external plant carbon sources, cattail and reed litter. We determined the average ratio of chemical oxygen demand (COD) to total nitrogen (TN), designated as C/N, in water samples after addition of litter subjected to various pretreatments. The C/N in the water samples ranged from 4.8 to 6.4 after addition of NaOH-pretreated cattail litter, which was four to six times greater than that of water from the Yapu River and 3.84–39.15% higher than that of systems that received untreated cattail litter. The C/N of systems that received H2SO4-pretreated carbon sources varied from 1.7 to 3.6. These two methods resulted in TN and total phosphorus (TP) levels lower than those in river water. The C/N was 1.4–1.7 after addition of CH3COOH-pretreated reed litter, which was 34.87–53.83% higher than that of river water. The C/N was 2.5 in systems that received mild alkali/oxidation-pretreated reeds, which was 30.59% higher than that of systems that received non-pretreated reeds. The residue rates of cattail and reed litter subjected to various pretreatments were greater than 60%. Our results showed that NaOH, H2SO4, and mild alkali/oxidation pretreatments were useful to rapidly improve the C/N of river water and enhance denitrification.

scholarly journals Effect of corn cobs as external carbon sources on nitrogen removal in constructed wetlands treating micro-polluted river water

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (9) ◽  
pp. 1639-1647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu-ji Yu ◽  
Tao Chen ◽  
Yanhong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
River Water ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Flow Mode ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Polluted River ◽  
Corn Cobs

Abstract Micro-polluted river water is characterized as having limited biodegradability, low carbon to nitrogen ratio and little organic carbon supply, all of which makes it hard to further purify. Two bench scale constructed wetlands (CWs) with a horizontal subsurface flow mode were set up in the laboratory to evaluate their feasibility and efficiency on denitrification with and without corn cobs as external carbon sources. Micro-polluted river water was used as feed solution. The CW without corn cobs substrates possessed a good performance in removing chemical oxygen demand (COD, <40 mg/L) and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N, <0.65 mg/L), but less efficiency in removing total nitrogen (TN) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N). In marked contrast, the CW with 1% (w/w) corn cobs substrates as external carbon sources achieved a significant improvement in the removal efficiency of TN (increased from 34.2% to 71.9%) and NO3-N (increased from 19% to 71.9%). The incorporation of corn cobs substrates did not cause any obvious increase in the concentrations of COD and NH3-N in the effluent. This improvement in the denitrification efficiency was owing to the released organic carbon from corn cobs substrates, which facilitated the growth of abundant microbes on the surface and pores of the substrate. The open area of the used corn chips is larger than that of the pristine ones, and corn cobs can continue to provide a carbon fiber source for denitrification.

scholarly journals Effect of the Influent Substrate Concentration on Nitrogen Removal from Summer to Winter in Field Pilot-Scale Multistage Constructed Wetland–Pond Systems for Treating Low-C/N River Water

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12456
Author(s):  
Tao Wang ◽  
Liping Xiao ◽  
Hongbin Lu ◽  
Shaoyong Lu ◽  
Xiaoliang Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Substrate Concentration ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Surface Flow

The quality of micropolluted water is unstable and its substrate concentration fluctuates greatly. The goal is to predict the concentration effect on the treatment of nitrogen in a river with an actual low C/N ratio for the proposed full-scale Xiaoyi River estuary wetland, so that the wetland project can operate stably and perform the water purification function effectively in the long term. Two pilot-scale multistage constructed wetland–pond (MCWP) systems (S1 and S2, respectively) based on actual engineering with the same “front ecological oxidation ponds, two-stage horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands and surface flow constructed wetlands (SFCWs) as the core and postsubmerged plant ponds” as the planned process were constructed to investigate the effect of different influent permanganate indexes (CODMn) and total nitrogen (TN) contents on nitrogen removal from micropolluted river water with a fixed C/N ratio from summer to winter in the field. The results indicate that the TN removal rate in the S1 and S2 systems was significant (19.56% and 34.84%, respectively). During the process of treating this micropolluted water with a fixed C/N ratio, the influent of S2 with a higher CODMn concentration was conducive to the removal of TN. The TN removal rate in S2 was significantly affected by the daily highest temperature. There was significant nitrogen removal efficiency in the SFCWs. The C/N ratio was a major determinant influencing the nitrogen removal rate in the SFCWs. The organic matter release phenomenon in SFCWs with high-density planting played an essential role in alleviating the lack of carbon sources in the influent. This research strongly supports the rule that there is seasonal nitrogen removal in the MCWPs under different influent substrate concentrations, which is of guiding significance for practical engineering.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Analysis of Mymensingh Municipality Sewage Water and Old Brahmaputra River water

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-108
Author(s):  
M Uddin ◽  
S Talukder ◽  
MS Hossen ◽  
MT Hossain
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Sewage Water ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Brahmaputra River ◽  
Acceptable Range ◽  
Irrigation Water Use ◽  
The Mean

The study was conducted to investigate the physicochemical properties of the Old Brahmaputra River and Sewage water in Mymensingh Municipality. To perform the study fifty samples were collected from five different stations from the river and surrounding sewage discharge points. The samples were analyzed to determine pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd). The mean value of pH was 7.1 and 6.8 for river and sewage water samples, respectively. Mean EC value was 183 μS/cm and 589.18 μS/cm for river and sewage samples, respectively signifies that EC of all samples were within the acceptable range. 66.32 ppm and 260.36 ppm were the mean TDS value for river and sewage samples, respectively indicates no harm to aquatic lives and irrigation water use. Mean DO and BOD values for river water samples were 4.21 mg/L and 6.02 mg/L, respectively. 3.08 mg/L and 9.98 mg/L were the mean DO and BOD values for sewage water samples, respectively implies that river water is usable for irrigation but sewage water is unfit for it. Mean Pb concentration for river and sewage water samples was 0.428 ppm and 0.467 ppm, respectively.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 10(2): 105-108 2017

scholarly journals Effect of Spathiphyllum blandum on the removal of ibuprofen and conventional pollutants from polluted river water, in fully saturated constructed wetlands at mesocosm level

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-228
Author(s):  
Luis Sandoval ◽  
José Luis Marín-Muñíz ◽  
Jacel Adame-García ◽  
Gregorio Fernández-Lambert ◽  
Florentina Zurita
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Large Scale Systems ◽  
Polluted River ◽  
Generous Support

Abstract In this study, the effect of Spathiphyllum blandum on the removal of ibuprofen (IB) and conventional pollutants such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), ammonium (NH4+-N), total phosphorus (TP), and total suspended solids (TSS) is reported; this, through its use as an emergent vegetation in fully saturated (FS) constructed wetlands (CWs) at mesocosm level treating polluted river water. With the exception of TP and COD, it was found that for TN (12%), NH4+-N (11%), TSS (19%), and IB (23%), the removals in systems with vegetation were superior to systems without vegetation (p < 0.05). These findings demonstrate the importance of the species S. blandum, in particular, for the removal of ibuprofen, which is an anti-inflammatory drug commonly found in effluents of wastewater treatment plants. Thus, the results obtained provide information that can be used for the design of future efficient large-scale systems using a new ornamental species, mainly under tropical climatic conditions. This article has been made Open Access thanks to the generous support of a global network of libraries as part of the Knowledge Unlatched Select initiative.

Pengaruh Variasi Waktu Paparan Gelombang Ultrasonik dalam Mengurangi Jumlah Bakteri coliform pada Sampel Air Sungai Kahayan

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neny Kurniawati, Kerelius, Sunariyati ◽  
Luqman Hakim, Dyah Ayu Pramoda Wardani, Widya Krestina ◽  
Dwi Tyas Setiawan, Ferry Purwanto, Diah K. Fatmala
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
River Water ◽  
Ultrasonic Wave ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Wave Exposure ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Grab Sampling

Abstrak – Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh waktu paparan gelombang ultrasonik terhadap pengurangan jumlah koloni bakteri coliform pada sampel air sungai Kahayan. Pengambilan sampel air sungai dilakukan dengan teknik Grab Sampling menggunakan alat Kemmerer Sampler. Sampel air yang didapatkan diberikan paparan gelombang ultrasonik secara langsung, tanpa merubah kondisi lingkungan awal. Waktu paparan divariasikan pada 1 jam, 2 jam, 3 jam, 4 jam, dan 5 jam dengan frekuensi 40 kHz untuk memperoleh data waktu optimum. Uji coliform dilakukan dengan metode MPN, dengan tahapan uji pendugaan, uji penegasan, dan perhitungan koloni. Hasil uji MPN 24 jam setelah paparan menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan ultrasonik sebagai antibateri dapat optimum ketika diberikan paparan dengan waktu 3 jam, dengan efisiensi  96%. Kata kunci: antibakteri, coliform, ultrasonik, water treatment, sungai Kahayan  Abstract – This study aims to examine the effect of ultrasonic wave exposure time on reducing the number of coliform bacterial colonies in the Kahayan river water samples. River water sampling is done using the Grab Sampling technique using the Kemmerer Sampler tool. The water samples obtained were given direct ultrasonic wave exposure, without changing the initial environmental conditions. The exposure time is varied in 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours and 5 hours with a frequency of 40 kHz to obtain optimum time data. Coliform test was carried out by the MPN method, with the stages of the estimation test, affirmation test, and colony calculation. The MPN test results 24 hours after exposure showed that the use of ultrasonic as an antibody can be optimum when given exposure with a time of 3 hours, with an efficiency of 96%.Keywords : antibakterial, coliform, ultrasonic, water treatment, Kahayan river

Measured and Modelled Chlorinated Contaminant Distributions in the St. Clair River Water

1986 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.H. Chan ◽  
Y.L. Lau ◽  
B.G. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Concentration Distribution ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Concentration Profiles ◽  
Detroit River ◽  
Chemical Partitioning ◽  
Transverse Mixing

Abstract The concentration distribution of hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD), pentachloro-benzene (QCB), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and octachlorostyrene (OCS) in water samples from transects across the upper and lower St. Clair River and the upper Detroit River were determined on four occasions in 1985. The data show a plume of these contaminants from the Sarnia industrial area. The fluxes and concentration profiles of the contaminants at Port Lambton have been modelled success fully using a simple transverse mixing model. A study on the chemical partitioning between the “dissolved” and “suspended sediment” phases shows that an important contaminant fraction is carried in the river by the suspended solids, particularly for lipophilie compounds such as HCB and OCS,

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