Phytoremediation of atrazine by three emergent hydrophytes in a hydroponic system

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1282-1288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinghai Wang ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Cui Li ◽  
Bo Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Lythrum Salicaria ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Culture Solution ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Emergent Plants

A hydroponic system was used to evaluate atrazine (ATZ) removal and uptake by three emergent hydrophytes, Iris pseudacorus, Lythrum salicaria and Acorus calamus, determining their potential as phytoremediation agents for ATZ-contaminated water. After 20 days of exposure, the relative growth rate of plants in sterile conditions was less than in natural conditions. ATZ amount in a culture solution planted with emergent plants decreased significantly compared with an unplanted solution, and the removal rate of ATZ in natural conditions was greater than in sterile conditions (p < 0.05). The degradation contributions of I. pseudacorus, L. salicaria and A. calamus were 75.6, 65.5 and 61.8%, respectively. Those of the corresponding microbial population in the solution were 5.4, 11.4 and 17.4%, respectively. Emergent plants play a dominant role in reducing the ATZ level in the water body and could be used as phytoremediation agents.

Influence of initial pesticide concentrations in water on chlorpyrifos toxicity and removal by Iris pseudacorus

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 1908-1915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinghai Wang ◽  
Juan Yang ◽  
Cui Li ◽  
Bo Xiao ◽  
Xiaoe Que
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Iris Pseudacorus ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Natural Water Body

For understanding the influence of initial concentrations of pesticides in the water body on removal efficiency of the contaminant by aquatic plants, one hydroponics experiment was used to investigate the influence of initial concentration (1–16 mg L−1) on toxicity and chlorpyrifos removal potential of Iris pseudacorus for 20 days under greenhouse conditions. An increased sensitivity to and reduced removal rate for chlorpyrifos were observed with increasing chlorpyrifos concentration. The relative growth rate (RGR) of I. pseudacorus was significantly inhibited in the presence of 4, 8 and 16 mg L−1 chlorpyrifos, and a negative relationship was also found between RGR and initial pesticide concentration. The half-life of chlorpyrifos was shortened in the hydroponic system with plants, indicating that I. pseudacorus accelerated chlorpyrifos removal from water. But the contribution of the plant to chlorpyrifos removal in the hydroponic phytoremediation system decreased with the increase of initial concentration of chlorpyrifos. The results also indicated that I. pseudacorus can efficiently eliminate chlorpyrifos and may ultimately serve as phytoremediation agents in the natural water body.

scholarly journals Uptake Kinetics of \({\text{NH}_{4}^{+} }\), \({\text{NO}_{3}^{-} }\) and \({\text{H}_{2}\text{PO}_{4}^{-} }\) by Typha orientalis, Acorus calamus L., Lythrum salicaria L., Sagittaria trifolia L. and Alisma plantago-aquatica Linn

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 434
Author(s):  
Kunlun Wang ◽  
Qian Hu ◽  
Yumin Wei ◽  
Hui Yin ◽  
Changhong Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uptake Rate ◽  
Lythrum Salicaria ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Emergent Plants ◽  
Maximum Uptake Rate ◽  
Typha Orientalis ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Menten Constant

The emergent plants may differ in their capacity to assimilate nutrients from eutrophic water bodies, so the utilization of suitable emergent plants is the key part for successful restoration of shallow eutrophic lakes and rivers. This research applied the depletion method to study the kinetics of uptake of nutrient (H2PO4−, NH4+, NO3−) in different nutrient stresses by the five emergent aquatic plants (Acorus calamus L., Typha orientalis, Lythrum salicaria L., Sagittaria trifolia L., Alisma plantago-aquatica Linn) in the riverine zones of Dashi River (39°30′–39°40′ N, 115°59′–116°5′ E), a shallow eutrophic river located in Fangshan District, Beijing. The results showed that at the three phosphorus levels, A. calamus and A. plantago-aquatica had the highest maximum uptake rate values for NH4+ under low to moderate phosphorus conditions, and high phosphorus, respectively. T. orientalis had the highest maximum uptake rate values for NO3− at all phosphorus concentrations, while the Michaelis-Menten constant values of L. salicaria and A. plantago-aquatica were smaller. At the three nitrogen levels, the maximum uptake rate values for H2PO4− were the greatest for A. plantago-aquatica at the low to moderate nitrogen levels and L. salicaria at high levels. Meanwhile, T. orientalis and L. salicaria had the smallest Michaelis-Menten constant values. In this study, nitrogen microbial transformations, such as nitrification, denitrification and their coupling were not measured and their role in measuring kinetics was not assessed. Thus, achieved results shall be considered as a synthesis of several processes mediated by plants, a theoretical guidance to the selection of plant species for phytoremediation of polluted water bodies with different nutrient stresses for quality improvement around the diverse rivers in Haihe River basin.

Latitude and Relative Growth in the Razor Clam, Siliqua Patula

1931 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-249
Author(s):  
F. W. WEYMOUTH ◽  
H. C. McMILLIN ◽  
WILLIS H. RICH
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Absolute Growth Rate ◽  
Mathematical Expressions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Absolute Growth

1. The present paper is a study of the growth of a clam (Siliqua patula) under natural conditions and over a wide range of latitude. 2. Various constants derived from the growth data are compared for the different localities. For this species, over the range considered, growth in the southern localities as compared with the northern is initially more rapid but less sustained, leads to a smaller total length and is associated with a shorter life span. 3. Reasons are presented for considering the relative growth-rate as a particularly significant constant leading to more sound biological conclusions than the use of the absolute growth-rate. 4. On the basis of the relative growth-rate, current mathematical expressions for the course of growth are discussed and a formula used which emphasises Minot's conception of a growth-rate constantly declining with age. This expression L = Be-ce-ce-kt, in which L = length at time t, e = base of natural logarithms, and B, c and k are constants, is found to graduate the extensive data in clam growth with significant accuracy.

Seedling recruitment of 11 wetland plant species along a water level gradient: shared or distinct responses?

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 1876-1879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Keddy ◽  
Timothy H. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Lythrum Salicaria ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Spartina Pectinata ◽  
Sagittaria Latifolia

Where many different plant species occupy an environmental gradient, the responses of their offspring to that gradient could show one of two patterns. All species could have similar requirements for maximum recruitment, in which case all would show maximum germination and emergence in the same region of the gradient ("shared responses"). Alternatively, each species could have different requirements for recruitment and therefore would show maximum recruitment in different regions of the gradient ("distinct responses"). The objective of this study was to test between these two alternatives in plants occurring along a water level gradient. Seeds of 11 wetland species were allowed to germinate in sand along a gradient of water depth, ranging from 10 cm above to 5 cm below the substrate surface. Scirpus americanus, S. validus, Sagittaria latifolia, Typha angustifolia, and Lythrum salicaria showed no significant response to this gradient, while Spartina pectinata, Polygonum punctatum, Bidens cernua, Acorus calamus, Alisma plantago-aquatica, and Eupatorium perfoliatum did. However, the six species in the latter group did not exhibit shared preferences along the water depth gradient. These different recruitment patterns were consistent with adult distributions in the field. Most species showed some recruitment at all water levels examined, suggesting that they have broad tolerance limits for water level in the recruitment phase of their life history.

CHEMICAL WEED KILLERS: V. RELATIVE TOXICITY OF SELECTED CHEMICALS TO PLANTS GROWN IN CULTURE SOLUTION, AND THE USE OF RELATIVE GROWTH RATE AS A CRITERION OF TOXICITY

1937 ◽  
Vol 15c (11) ◽  
pp. 520-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Culture Solution ◽  
Logarithmic Scale ◽  
Relative Toxicity ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Dosage Range ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Final Weight

Substances previously found to be highly toxic when applied to annuals as a spray were also found to be most toxic when added to culture solution. The results by the two methods, however, do not agree as far as the less poisonous chemicals are concerned, certain substances being comparatively more toxic in culture solution than as a spray, and vice versa. These discrepancies can be explained by the fact that the dosage in culture solution was varied by adjusting the concentration, whereas in the spraying test it was varied by altering the volume of spray.The time between treatment and death of the plant generally decreases as the dosage is increased over a limited dosage range, but varies with different chemicals, and appears to be independent of their inherent toxicity.The size of the plant is seriously reduced at dosages that produce no mortality. The final weight, however, was unsatisfactory as a criterion of toxicity since it was extremely variable. The interfering factors affecting the final weight were taken into account by computing the relative growth rate. The curve relating growth rate and dosage is slightly concave upwards when the dosage is plotted on an arithmetical scale and linear when plotted on a logarithmic scale. The position and slope of the line depends on the chemical. The standard error of duplicate tests increases as the growth rate decreases. On the average, complete mortality occurred at a growth rate of − 2.44% per day under the conditions of these experiments, but this is subject to variation due to differences between duplicates, chemicals, and series (plants grown at different times).Analyses of the culture solutions containing chlorates showed that the amount of chlorate taken up by the plant increased with the concentration present in the culture solution. Nevertheless, only a small, relatively constant proportion of the chlorate present was taken up by the plant at all concentrations.

Dormancy, germination and seedling growth of two Kalaharian perennials of the genus Harpagophytum (Pedaliaceae)

1988 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. O. Ernst ◽  
T. Tietema ◽  
E. M. Veenendaal ◽  
R. Masene
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Drought Avoidance

ABSTRACTDormancy and germination ecology of two Harpagophytum species (Pedaliaceae) from an open Acacia savanna in Botswana were investigated. The maintenance of dormancy is governed partly by the seed coat but mainly by the endosperm and the embryo itself, as demonstrated by removal of the endosperm. Dissemination of the seed from the fruit can be delayed for several years without affecting the viability of the embryo, due to very low respiration rates.Germination can be enhanced slightly by high temperatures under natural conditions, and by gibberellic acid or removal of the endosperm under laboratory conditions. Relative growth rates for both Harpagophytum species are lower than for subtropical grasses and legumes, due to a strong investment in root and tuber biomass. Germination and seedling growth is discussed in relation to the drought avoidance syndrome and the animal disperser syndrome.

scholarly journals Heavy metals’ removal from aqueous environments using silica sulfuric acid

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasrin Hosseinahli ◽  
Maherram Hasanov ◽  
Maryam Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Silica Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Metals Removal ◽  
Technological Growth ◽  
Aqueous Environments

Abstract There is a growing environmental and health concern associated with contamination by heavy metals. It has also been intensified due to an increase of the exposure to such pollutants as a result of industrial and technological growth. Therefore, it is necessary to remove heavy metals in contaminated water to eliminate the associated risks. This study focused on the removal of heavy metal ions using silica sulfuric acid (SSA). A comprehensive study was conducted to assess the effect of different factors on the adsorption by SSA as well as selectivity properties of the adsorbent, kinetic and thermodynamic studies of the adsorption process. A batch test was used to remove heavy metals from a multi-element solution containing Ni(II), Pb(II), Mn(II), Cu(II), and Cd(II). The results showed that removal rate reached its peak at pH, string time, and adsorbent amount equal to 8, 60 min, and 0.04 g/mL of solution, respectively. The removal efficiency of Ni2+, Cd2+, Mn2+ dropped by increasing the volume of solution and smoothed at 150 mL while the removal of Pb2+ and Cu2+ did not vary with the volume. The removal efficiency by SSA was decreased as Pb > >Mn > >Ni ≥ Cu > Cd. In general, SSA successfully removed heavy metals from contaminated water.

scholarly journals Electrolysis-Assisted Mn(II)/Sulfite Process for Organic Contaminant Degradation at Near-Neutral pH

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1608
Author(s):  
Lixin Jia ◽  
Xingwang Pei ◽  
Fei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Advanced Oxidation Process ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
Contaminant Removal ◽  
Contaminant Degradation ◽  
Sulfite Oxidation ◽  
Reaction Solution ◽  
Neutral Conditions

Manganese-catalyzed sulfite activation (i.e., Mn(II)/sulfite) has emerged as an advanced oxidation process to produce sulfate radical (SO4•−) for water treatment. However, to maintain the catalytic activity of Mn(II) ion, solution acidity has to be kept below pH 4, which is difficult to maintain in practice. Moreover, Mn(II)/sulfite reaction is a strongly oxygen-dependent process, and purging air into reaction solution is another extra cost. To solve the above issues, we devised to implement electrolysis into Mn(II)/sulfite (i.e., electro/Mn(II)/sulfite process) for organic compound (bisphenol A, BPA) oxidation. It was revealed that, under near-neutral conditions (pH 6), the removal rate of 10 μM BPA was increased from 46.3%, by Mn(II)/sulfite process, to 94.2% by electro/Mn(II)/sulfite process. The enhancement of BPA removal after implementation of electrolysis to Mn(II)/sulfite process was investigated, and concluded to be a result of several pathways. In detail, the produced oxygen from water electrolysis, direct sulfite oxidation on anode, and local acidic pH at anode vicinity together play a role in promoting SO4•− production and, therefore, contaminant removal. Radical-scavenging assays confirmed the dominant role of SO4•− in electro/Mn(II)/sulfite process.

Glycolytic gene expression in amphibious Acorus calamus L. under natural conditions

1996 ◽  
Vol 178 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Bucher ◽  
Roland Br�ndle ◽  
Cris Kuhlemeier
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Glycolytic Gene
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