Development of a horizontal subsurface flow modular constructed wetland for urban runoff treatment

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 1950-1957 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Y. Choi ◽  
M. C. Maniquiz ◽  
F. K. Geronimo ◽  
S. Y. Lee ◽  
B. S. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Subsurface Flow ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Gravel Layer ◽  
Flow Length ◽  
Horizontal Subsurface Flow ◽  
Media Layer

Constructed wetlands (CWs) are well recognized as having low construction and maintenance cost and low energy requirement. However, CW design has been mainly based on rule-of-thumb approaches. In this study, the efficiency of a modular horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) CW using four different design schemes was investigated. Based on the results, the four systems have attained more than 90% removal of total suspended solids and more than 50% removal efficiency for total phosphorus, PO4-P and Zn. The planted system achieved higher pollutant removal rates than the unplanted system. In terms of media, bottom ash was more effective than woodchip in reducing the pollutants. Considering the flow length, optimum removal efficiency was achieved after passing the sedimentation tank and vertical media layer; with respect to depth, more pollutants were removed in the upper sand layer than in the lower gravel layer. This study recommended a surface area of 0.25 to 0.8% of catchment area for planted CW and 0.26 to 0.9% for unplanted CW using the 7.5 to 10 mm design rainfall.

scholarly journals Post-treatment of tannery wastewater using pilot scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands (polishing)

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 988-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadesse Alemu ◽  
Andualem Mekonnen ◽  
Seyoum Leta
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Subsurface Flow ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Tannery Wastewater ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Horizontal Subsurface Flow ◽  
Pollutants Removal

Abstract In the present study, a pilot scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (CW) system planted with Phragmites karka; longitudinal profile was studied. The wetland was fed with tannery wastewater, pretreated in a two-stage anaerobic digester followed by a sequence batch reactor. Samples from each CW were taken and analyzed using standard methods. The removal efficiency of the CW system in terms of biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), Cr and total coliforms were 91.3%, 90%, 97.3% and 99%, respectively. The removal efficiency for TN, NO3− and NH4+-N were 77.7%, 66.3% and 67.7%, respectively. Similarly, the removal efficiency of SO42−, S2− and total suspended solids (TSS) were 71.8%, 88.7% and 81.2%, respectively. The concentration of COD, BOD, TN, NO3−N, NH4+-N, SO42 and S2− in the final treated effluent were 113.2 ± 52, 56 ± 18, 49.3 ± 13, 22.75 ± 20, 17.1 ± 6.75, 88 ± 120 and 0.4 ± 0.44 mg/L, respectively. Pollutants removal was decreased in the first 12 m and increased along the CW cells. P. karka development in the first cell of CW was poor, small in size and experiencing chlorosis, but clogging was higher in this area due to high organic matter settling, causing a partial surface flow. The performance of the pilot CW as a tertiary treatment showed that the effluent meets the permissible discharge standards.

Performance of horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland in the removal of tanninsA paper submitted to the Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science.

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 496-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.N. Njau ◽  
M. Renalda
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Subsurface Flow ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Outlet Concentration ◽  
Cod Removal Efficiency ◽  
Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland ◽  
Horizontal Subsurface Flow

A horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (HSSFCW) was employed to remove tannins from the effluent of a tannins extracting company. Two HSSFCW cells with hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 9 d and packed with limestone were used. One cell without macrophytes was used as a control, while the second cell was planted with Phragmites mauritianus . Results indicated that HSSFCW was capable of treating tannin wastewater that has been seeded with primary facultative pond sludge. Tannins and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency of 95.9% and 90.6% with outlet concentration of 27 mg/L and 86 mg/L, respectively, were obtained in the planted cell; while the tannins and COD removal efficiency of 91.1% and 89.5% with outlet concentration of 57 mg/L and 96 mg/L, respectively, were obtained in the control cell.

scholarly journals Efficiency of horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands cultivated with grasses of different root systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 3318-3329
Author(s):  
Fernanda Lamede Ferreira de Jesus ◽  
Antonio Teixeira de Matos ◽  
Mateus Pimentel de Matos
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Subsurface Flow ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Vetiver Grass ◽  
Horizontal Subsurface Flow ◽  
Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of stoloniferous and fasciculated root systems, of Tifton 85 and vetiver grass respectively, on pollutant removal for primary treatment of sewage in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands (HSSF-CWs). For this, three HSSF-CWs measuring 4 m × 1 m × 0.25 m, filling with gneiss gravel # 0 (D60 of 7.0 mm and 48.4% porosity) as substrate, were used. One unit was cultivated with Tifton 85 grass (HSSFT-CW), one with vetiver grass (HSSFV-CW) and one remained uncultivated (HSSFC-CW) as a control. Sewage was applied at a flow rate of 0.53–0.80 m3 d−1, corresponding to an organic loading rate of approximately 350 kg ha−1 d−1 (biochemical oxygen demand – BOD), which resulted in a hydraulic retention time of 0.6–0.9 day. The HSSFV-CW was more efficient than the HSSFC-CW in removing dissolved solids (measured as electrical conductivity) and reducing the total suspended solids (TSS), BOD5, turbidity and sodium concentration, while the HSSFT-CW was not superior in any way. The results indicate that cultivation of vetiver grass provided increased efficiency for removing pollutants from sewage when compared with Tifton 85-grass, in the HSSF-CW.

Performance Evaluation of the Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland with Ipomoea Aquatica Plant for Rural Domestic Wastewater Treatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 1073-1076 ◽  
pp. 965-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Mohammed Osman ◽  
Xi Wu Lu
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Subsurface Flow ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
System Operation ◽  
Ipomoea Aquatica ◽  
Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland ◽  
Horizontal Subsurface Flow

In this study, the performance treatment of horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (HSFCW) was evaluated. The HSFCW built as a tertiary treatment process after the biological reactors to improve the effluent quality. The HSFCW system was operated with different hydraulic loading rates (HLRs) ranged from 0.15 to 0.333 m3/ (m2.d) to assess their influence on removal efficiency. During the system operation time, the average temperature was ranged of 22.3 to 31.2 °C and pH ranges was 7.3 – 8.1. The Ipomoea aquatica (Chinese spinach) planted into HSFCW system and the growth parameters during the experimental operation observed. The Ipomoea aquatica growth parameters such as the plant height, a fresh and dry weights were monitored and measured. The influent and effluent of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were examined. The removal efficiency for all parameters showed decreased with an increase in HLR from 0.15 to 0.333 m3/ (m2.day). The results demonstrated that the average removal efficiency of the COD, NH4-N, TN and TP during system operation is 52.9%, 64.6%, 58.2% and 72.8% respectively. These results confirm that the HSFCW has a good efficient in treatment and can be used for the nutrients and organic matter removal from the domestic wastewater.

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