The situation of sanitary systems in rural areas in the Miyun catchment, China

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1178-1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Kröger ◽  
A. Xu ◽  
S. Duan ◽  
B. Zhang ◽  
H. Eckstädt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Miyun Reservoir ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Untreated Sewage ◽  
Soil And Water

The Miyun Reservoir provides most of Beijing's drinking water. Despite its importance, the Miyun reservoir suffers from decreasing water quality caused by uncontrolled wastewater discharges, inadequate land use and over fertilization, which increase the pressure on soil and water resources. The major pollutants are nitrogen and phosphorus which emanate to some extent from untreated sewage. So far there is little data about the existing wastewater quantity and quality in rural settlements in northern China. This study was conducted in typical villages situated along upstream rivers in the catchment of the Miyun Reservoir. The main objective was to determine the current situation and efficiency of the wastewater treatment system in rural settlements.

A national approach to risk assessment for drinking water catchments in Australia

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Miller ◽  
B. Whitehill ◽  
D. Deere
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Water Utilities ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Water Quality Data

This paper comments on the strengths and weaknesses of different methodologies for risk assessment, appropriate for utilisation by Australian Water Utilities in risk assessment for drinking water source protection areas. It is intended that a suggested methodology be recommended as a national approach to catchment risk assessment. Catchment risk management is a process for setting priorities for protecting drinking water quality in source water areas. It is structured through a series of steps for identifying water quality hazards, assessing the threat posed, and prioritizing actions to address the threat. Water management organisations around Australia are at various stages of developing programs for catchment risk management. While much conceptual work has been done on the individual components of catchment risk management, work on these components has not previously been combined to form a management tool for source water protection. A key driver for this project has been the requirements of the National Health and Medical Research Council Framework for the Management of Drinking Water Quality (DWQMF) included in the draft 2002 Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (ADWG). The Framework outlines a quality management system of steps for the Australian water industry to follow with checks and balances to ensure water quality is protected from catchment to tap. Key steps in the Framework that relate to this project are as follows: Element 2 Assessment of the Drinking Water Supply System• Water Supply System analysis• Review of Water Quality Data• Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment Element 3 Preventive Measures for Drinking Water Quality Management• Preventive Measures and Multiple Barriers• Critical Control Points This paper provides an evaluation of the following risk assessment techniques: Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP); World Health Organisation Water Safety Plans; Australian Standard AS 4360; and The Australian Drinking Water Guidelines – Drinking Water Quality Management Framework. These methods were selected for assessment in this report as they provided coverage of the different approaches being used across Australia by water utilities of varying: scale of water management organisation; types of water supply system management; and land use and activity-based risks in the catchment area of the source. Initially, different risk assessment methodologies were identified and reviewed. Then examples of applications of those methods were assessed, based on several key water utilities across Australia and overseas. Strengths and weaknesses of each approach were identified. In general there seems some general grouping of types of approaches into those that: cover the full catchment-to-tap drinking water system; cover just the catchment area of the source and do not recognise downstream barriers or processes; use water quality data or land use risks as a key driving component; and are based primarily on the hazard whilst others are based on a hazardous event. It is considered that an initial process of screening water quality data is very valuable in determining key water quality issues and guiding the risk assessment, and to the overall understanding of the catchment and water source area, allowing consistency with the intentions behind the ADWG DWQM Framework. As such, it is suggested that the recommended national risk assessment approach has two key introductory steps: initial screening of key issues via water quality data, and land use or activity scenario and event-based HACCP-style risk assessment. In addition, the importance of recognising the roles that uncertainty and bias plays in risk assessments was highlighted. As such it was deemed necessary to develop and integrate uncertainty guidelines for information used in the risk assessment process. A hybrid risk assessment methodology was developed, based on the HACCP approach, but with some key additions and modifications to make it applicable to varying catchment risks, water supply operation needs and environmental management processes.

The impact of investment on drinking water quality in rural China

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-269
Author(s):  
Ai Yue ◽  
Yaojiang Shi ◽  
Renfu Luo ◽  
Linxiu Zhang ◽  
Natalie Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Representative Data ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Although access to safe drinking water is one of the most important health-related infrastructure programs in the world, drinking water remains a large problem in China today, especially in rural areas. Despite increased government investment in water resource protection and management, there is still an absence of academic studies that are able to document what path the investment has taken and whether it has had any tangible impact. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of drinking water investment on drinking water in China. Design/methodology/approach The authors make use of nationally representative data from 2005 and 2012 to measure the impact of drinking water investment among 2,028 rural households in 101 villages across five provinces. Both ordinary least squares regression and probit regression are used to analyze the correlates and the impact of drinking water investment. Findings The authors demonstrate that water quality was likely a significant problem in 2004 but that China’s investment into drinking water appears to have resulted in initial improvements during the study period. The authors show that the most significant change came about in terms of hardware: villages that received more drinking water investment now have more piped tap water and more access to water treatment infrastructure (disinfecting and filtering facilities). High rates of rural resident satisfaction with drinking water suggest the effects of drinking water investment are being felt at the village level. Originality/value To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first empirical study on drinking water investment over time in rural China using nationally representative data.

Influence of rainy season and land use on drinking water quality in a karst landscape, State of Yucatán, Mexico

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 265-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Long ◽  
Amber L. Pearson ◽  
Thomas C. Voice ◽  
Angel G. Polanco-Rodríguez ◽  
E. Cuauhtemoc Sanchez-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Karst Landscape

Management of the Occoquan River basin: a 20-year case history

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 235-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Randall ◽  
T. J. Grizzard
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Land Use Management ◽  
Early Results

The high dam on the Occoquan River of Northern Virginia, United States of America, was constructed in 1957, forming a drinking water reservoir with a capacity of 37.1 × 106m3 formed by drainage from a 1 460 km2 watershed, and providing a safe yield of 189 251 m3 per day. Deteriorating water quality in the late 1960s led to a special “policy” for the watershed, designed to preserve the reservoir as a drinking water supply. Key provisions of the policy mandated replacement of the watershed's 11 publicly owned wastewater treatment works with a single advanced wastewater treatment plant (AWT), and establishment of the Occoquan Watershed Monitoring Programme. Early results from the programme established non-point nutrient pollution as a major cause of water quality deterioration and resulted in the implementation of non-point pollution controls throughout the watershed during the late 1970s. The AWT plant went on-line in July 1978. Continuous monitoring since 1973 has demonstrated both the necessity and the effectiveness of point and non-point nutrient controls for the preservation of the reservoir's water quality. The AWT plant provides excellent removal of organics and phosphorus, plus complete nitrification. The nitrates are discharged to the receiving stream to enhance conditions in the reservoir. Control policies include land-use management for the preservation of this essential water supply for 750 000 people in the Washington, D.C. suburbs. Land-use management decisions are based on the results obtained with a watershed-reservoir linked computer model which predicts water quality changes resulting from land-use changes.

Characteristics of Ion Release from Building Materials during Rainwater Harvesting

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 3522-3528
Author(s):  
Jian Feng Zhang ◽  
Ya Xiong Deng ◽  
Zhan Qin Lei ◽  
Wei Xie
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Ion Release ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Materials Used

In the past two decade, the Chinese government has paid a huge effort to solve the problem of drinking water in remote rural. As an alterative success case, rainwater harvesting and utility has been the most efficient way to supplying fresh water in rural areas of the Loess Plateau, a typical water resources serious shortage area in China. Focused on improving the quality of the rural village cistern water, study about the characteristics of ion release from building materials during runoff process with five representative materials used for rainwater collection: concrete, red brick, grey tile, red tile and soil was conducted. The ion releasing process and following effect on cistern water quality index, such as hardness, pH, conductivity, has been analyzed. Results revealed that the most release strength of different materials was arriving at 30s following startup. Furthermore, the test of effects of rain acidity on ion release procession showed that the total ion release increased with storm water pH declining, however, the release strength was irrelevance with runoff’s pH. Based on research results, a detailed suggestion was provided to renovate intake construction of cistern for improving the drinking water quality in remote rural areas of Weibei Semi-arid District.

scholarly journals Ecological Assessment of the State of Drinking Water Within the United Territorial Communities of the Enlarged Zhytomyr District

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Total Iron Content ◽  
Ecological Index ◽  
Critical Situation ◽  
Acceptable Quality

Purpose. Assess the quality of drinking water of sources of decentralized water supply of rural settlements of Berezivka united territorial community of the enlarged Zhytomyr district. Methods. Field, laboratory-analytical, statistical. Results. As a result of research it is established that the greatest contribution to the pollution of drinking water is made by nitrates, the excess content of which was recorded on average in 50.7% of the selected samples, and in 57% of the studied settlements water belongs to quality class 4, "Limited" given undesirable quality. A critical situation was recorded in Bolyarka, Bondartsi, Dubovets and Cheremoshne villages, in which well water had increased content of nitrates in all selected samples. On average, 34% of the selected water samples do not meet the standard for the pH value in the direction of its reduction. In terms of pH, quality classes vary from "excellent", very clean to "good", clean water with a bias to the class of "satisfactory", slightly contaminated acceptable quality). The total iron content exceeded the standard by 6.6% of the selected samples. Conclusion. It is proved that the formation of the general class of water quality is significantly influenced by a group of general sanitary indicators, which is primarily due to the high content of nitrates in the studied sources of decentralized water supply. The calculation of the integrated ecological index of development of rural settlements according to the indicators of drinking water quality showed that such rural settlements as: Zamozhne and Sadky need priority attention; 11 settlements need improvement; only village of Vasylivka needs support at the same level.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document