Evaluating Escherichia coli removal performance in stormwater biofilters: a laboratory-scale study

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 1132-1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. I. Chandrasena ◽  
A. Deletic ◽  
J. Ellerton ◽  
D. T. McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Microbial Removal ◽  
Very High ◽  
Microbial Partitioning

Biofilters are common, low energy technologies used for the treatment of urban stormwater. While they have shown promising results for the removal of stormwater microorganisms, certain factors affect their performance. Hence, this study investigated the effects of particle–microbial interaction, inflow concentration, antecedent microbial levels and plant species on microbial removal capacity. A biofilter column study was set up to evaluate removal performance and a sequential filtration procedure was used to estimate microbial partitioning. The columns were dosed with different concentrations of free phase Escherichia coli only and E. coli mixed with stormwater sediment. Results indicate that the microbial removal is significantly affected by inflow concentration and antecedent microbial levels. Leaching was only observed when a relatively low inflow concentration event occurred within a short period after a very high inflow concentration event. Finally, Lomandra longifolia showed better removal compared with Carex appressa.

scholarly journals Antibiotic susceptibility of intra-abdominal infection isolates from Indian hospitals during 2008

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 1050-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen P. Hawser ◽  
Robert E. Badal ◽  
Samuel K. Bouchillon ◽  
Daryl J. Hoban ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Abdominal Infection ◽  
Intra Abdominal Infection ◽  
Abdominal Infections ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
Very High

A total of 542 clinical isolates of aerobic Gram-negative bacilli from intra-abdominal infections were collected during 2008 from seven hospitals in India participating in the Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART). Isolates were from various infection sources, the most common being gall bladder (30.1 %) and peritoneal fluid (31.5 %), and were mostly hospital-associated isolates (70.8 %) as compared to community-acquired (26.9 %). The most frequently isolated pathogens were Escherichia coli (62.7 %), Klebsiella pneumoniae (16.7 %) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5.3 %). Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) rates in E. coli and K. pneumoniae were very high, at 67 % and 55 %, respectively. Most isolates exhibited resistance to one or more antibiotics. The most active drugs were generally ertapenem, imipenem and amikacin. However, hospital-acquired isolates in general, as well as ESBL-positive isolates, exhibited lower susceptibilities than community-acquired isolates. Further surveillance monitoring of intra-abdominal isolates from India is recommended.

Synergistic effect of migrating Ascaris larvae and Escherichia coli in piglets

1989 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. O. Adedeji ◽  
E. O. Ogunba ◽  
O. O. Dipeolu
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Large White ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Large White Breed ◽  
Loss Of Weight ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Very High

ABSTRACTThe effect of intestinal flora on the establishment, development and pathogenicity of Ascaris suum larvae in piglets (Large White breed) was investigated. The infected piglets with Ascaris and Escherichia coli showed signs of pneumonia, cough with respiratory difficulties initially even though these moderated with time. They lost appetite and showed signs of unthriftiness with loss of weight. The packed cell volume was normal but the differential leucocyte counts of the pigs infected with Ascaris larvae and bacteria had high neutrophils, unlike the very high lymphocyte count observed in piglets with ascarids only. The piglets had generalized serous atrophy of body fat. The pericardial and perirenal fats were gelatinous. There was a firm and nodular grey and red hepatization with abscess pockets in the intermediate and anterior one third of the diaphragmatic lobes of the lungs. The liver contained greyish-white and depressed focus immediately dorsal to the area of attachment to the gall bladder with multifocal areas. There was no significant gross lesion in the control animals. Cultural and microscopic examinations of some internal organs of the infected animals showed that bacteria were carried to the lungs by the migrating Ascaris larvae. The combined synergistic effect of Ascaris larvae and E. coli was also investigated and it was concluded that the two agents (A. suum larvae and E. coli) worked together synergistically.

scholarly journals Molecular Survey of β-Lactamases Conferring Resistance to Newer β-Lactams in Enterobacteriaceae Isolates from Polish Hospitals

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 2449-2454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Empel ◽  
Anna Baraniak ◽  
Elżbieta Literacka ◽  
Agnieszka Mrówka ◽  
Janusz Fiett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Citrobacter Freundii ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Predominant Species ◽  
Class A ◽  
Novel Variant ◽  
Very High ◽  
Esbl Producers

ABSTRACT The first national survey of resistance to newer β-lactams in nosocomial populations of Enterobacteriaceae in Poland was performed. The study covered all nonrepetitive enterobacterial isolates cultured from specimens from inpatients in 13 regional secondary-care hospitals from November 2003 to January 2004. Among 2,388 isolates, the predominant species was Escherichia coli (59.6%), followed by Proteus mirabilis (14.5%) and Klebsiella spp. (8.5%). The frequency of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) was very high, with ESBLs present in 11.1% of all isolates and 40.4% of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, the latter value greatly exceeding that for E. coli (2.5%). The contribution of outbreak isolates was significant, resulting, for example, in a particularly high rate of ESBL producers among Serratia marcescens isolates (70.8%). The pool of ESBL types was overwhelmingly dominated (81.7%) by CTX-M-like β-lactamases CTX-M-3 (80.6%) and CTX-M-15, with SHV types (17.5%; SHV-2, SHV-5, and SHV-12) and sporadic TEM-like enzymes (0.7%; TEM-19 and TEM-48) being the next most frequent. Acquired AmpC-type cephalosporinases were observed exclusively in P. mirabilis, in 20.5% of the isolates of this species (compared with the frequency of ESBL producers of 11.5% of P. mirabilis isolates). All these cephalosporinases (CMY-12, CMY-15, and a novel variant, CMY-38) originated from Citrobacter freundii. Four isolates of E. coli (two isolates), K. pneumoniae (one isolate), and P. mirabilis (one isolate) produced class A inhibitor-resistant β-lactamases (TEM-30, TEM-32, TEM-37, and SHV-49), being the first of such producers identified in Poland. The survey documented both specific and more global characteristics of the epidemiology of the β-lactamase-mediated resistance in enterobacteria from Polish hospitals and demonstrated that the ESBL frequency has reached an alarming level.

scholarly journals PHYLOGENETIC GROUP OF ESCHERICHIA COLI IN URINE OF CHILDREN ATTENDING A MATERNAL AND CHILD CENTRE, LAGOS

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Anotu Mopelola Deji-Agboola ◽  
Esther Abieyuwa Utomwen ◽  
Olubunmi Adetokunbo Osinupebi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Phylogenetic Group ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Very High

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections causing significant morbidity in children. This study determines the phylogenetic group of Escherichia coli  isolated from the urine of children attending Maternal and Child Centre,  Amuwo-Odofin, Lagos State. Clean voided midstream urine sample collected  from 215 children aged five years and below . The urine samples were culture on Mac Conkey and blood agar, bacterial 5counts greater than or equal to 1 x 10CFU/ml were regarded as positive for UTI. Identification of isolates and antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using standard methods. Polymerase Chain Reaction was used to classify the isolated E. coli into A, B1, B2 and D phylogenetic groups using presence or absence of ChuA, Yja A and TspE4C2. The prevalence of UTI was 51.2% with preponderance in male 62.7% aged 24 – 35months 75.0%. Staphylococcus aureus 19.1% followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 12.7% and Escherichia coli10.0% were common bacterial isolates. The isolates were highly resistant to Augmentin (71.8%) and Ampicillin 91.8%; the Escherichia coli were resistant to Augmentin 54.5% and Ampicillin 100%. The E. coli were classed into B1,A, and D phylogenetic groups with percentages of 54.5%27.3% and 18.2% respectively. , The prevalence of bacteria UTI among children in this study was very high, the isolates were highly resistant to the antibiotics tested, the E.coli belong to phylogenetic groups A, B1 and D and all were resistant to Ampicillin.

Effects on the Microbiological Condition of Product of Decontaminating Treatments Routinely Applied to Carcasses at Beef Packing Plants†

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 1790-1801 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. O. GILL
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Peroxyacetic Acid ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Beef Products ◽  
Vacuum Cleaning ◽  
Very High

Reports on the microbiological effects of decontaminating treatments routinely applied to carcasses at beef packing plants indicate that washing before skinning may reduce the numbers of enteric bacteria transferred from the hide to meat. Washing skinned carcasses and/or dressed sides can reduce the numbers of aerobes and Escherichia coli by about 1 log unit, and pasteurizing sides with steam or hot water can reduce their numbers by >1 or >2 log units, respectively. Spraying with 2% lactic acid, 2% acetic acid, or 200 ppm of peroxyacetic acid can reduce the numbers of aerobes and E. coli by about 1 log, but such treatments can be ineffective if solutions are applied in inadequate quantities or to meat surfaces that are wet after washing. Trimming and vacuum cleaning with or without spraying with hot water may be largely ineffective for improving the microbiological conditions of carcasses. When contamination of meat during carcass dressing is well controlled and carcasses are subjected to effective decontaminating treatments, the numbers of E. coli on dressed carcasses can be <1 CFU/1,000 cm2. However, meat can be recontaminated during carcass breaking with E. coli from detritus that persists in fixed and personal equipment. The adoption at all packing plants of the carcass-dressing procedures and decontaminating treatments used at some plants to obtain carcasses that meet a very high microbiological standard should be encouraged, and means for limiting recontamination of product during carcass breaking and for decontaminating trimmings and other beef products should be considered.

Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on Lettuce, Using Low-Energy X-Ray Irradiation

2010 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
SANGHYUP JEONG ◽  
BRADLEY P. MARKS ◽  
ELLIOT T. RYSER ◽  
SCOTT R. MOOSEKIAN
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Microbial Inactivation ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
X Ray ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
Leafy Greens ◽  
Iceberg Lettuce ◽  
Dose Levels

Low-energy X-ray irradiation was assessed as a means of eliminating Escherichia coli O157:H7 on lettuce. Round-cut iceberg lettuce samples (2.54-cm diameter) were dip or spot inoculated with a three-strain cocktail of E. coli O157:H7, stored for 24 h at 4°C, and then irradiated at four dose levels up to 0.25 kGy using a prototype low-energy (70 kV) X-ray irradiator. E. coli O157:H7 survivors were quantified by plating on sorbitol MacConkey agar containing cefixime and tellurite. Dip inoculation yielded a D10-value of 0.040 ± 0.001 kGy, which is 3.4 times lower than a previously reported value of 0.136 kGy using gamma radiation. The D10-value for E. coli O157:H7 on spot-inoculated samples was 0.078 ± 0.008 kGy, which is about twice that of dip-inoculated samples. When 10 stacked leaves were irradiated from both sides, a dose of 0.2 kGy was achieved at the center of the stack with a surface dose of 1 kGy, corresponding to a ~5-log reduction of E. coli O157:H7 at the center of the stack. Based on these findings, low-energy X-ray irradiation appears to be a promising microbial inactivation strategy for leafy greens and potentially for other types of fresh produce.

Expression of goose parvovirus whole VP3 protein and its epitopes in Escherichia coli cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 879-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Tarasiuk ◽  
G. Woźniakowski ◽  
L. Holec-Gąsior
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Capsid Protein ◽  
High Expression ◽  
Antigenic Determinants ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Escherichia Coli Cells ◽  
Insufficient Amount ◽  
Goose Parvovirus ◽  
Very High ◽  
Vp3 Gene

Abstract The aim of this study was the expression of goose parvovirus capsid protein (VP3) and its epitopes in Escherichia coli cells. Expression of the whole VP3 protein provided an insufficient amount of protein. In contrast, the expression of two VP3 epitopes (VP3ep4, VP3ep6) in E. coli, resulted in very high expression levels. This may suggest that smaller parts of the GPV antigenic determinants are more efficiently expressed than the complete VP3 gene.

scholarly journals Prevalence and patient related factors associated with Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae carriage and infection among pediatric patients in Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuru Letara ◽  
James Samwel Ngocho ◽  
Nahid Karami ◽  
Sia E. Msuya ◽  
Balthazar Nyombi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Very High

AbstractExtended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae (EPE) is increasing worldwide, though less documented in low-income settings. Here we determined the prevalence of EPE infection and carriage, and patient factors associated with EPE-carriage among pediatric patients in three health care levels in Tanzania. Between January and April 2016, 350 febrile children (median age 21 months) seeking care at a university or a regional referral hospital, or a health centre in Moshi municipality, Tanzania, were included. Socio-demographic characteristics were collected using a questionnaire. Rectal swabs and blood cultures were collected from all children (n = 350) and urinary samples from 259 children at admission. ESBL-phenotype and antimicrobial susceptibility were determined for Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates. Only one EPE case (E. coli) in blood and four in urine (one E. coli and three K. pneumoniae) were found, whereas (n = 90, 26%) of the children were colonized in feces (ESBL-E. coli; n = 76, ESBL-K. pneumoniae, n = 14). High resistance rates were seen in fecal ESBL-E. coli (n = 76) against trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (n = 69, 91%), gentamicin (n = 51, 67%), ciprofloxacin (n = 39, 51%) and chloramphenicol (n = 27, 35%) whereas most isolates were sensitive to amikacin (n = 71, 93%). Similar rates were seen for fecal ESBL-K. pneumoniae. Resistance to first line antibiotics were also very high in fecal E. coli not producing ESBL. No sociodemographic factor was associated with EPE-carriage. Children colonized with EPE were younger than 12 months (n = 43, 48%) and often treated with antibiotics (n = 40, 44%) in the previous two months. After adjustment for age children admitted to the intensive care unit had higher odds of EPE fecal carriage compared with those in the general wards (OR = 3.9, 95%CI = 1.4–10.4). Despite comparatively high rates of fecal EPE-carriage and previous antibiotic treatment, clinical EPE cases were rare in the febrile children. The very high resistant rates for the EPE and the non-ESBL producing E. coli to commonly used antibiotics are worrying and demand implementation of antibiotic stewardship programs in all levels of health care in Tanzania.

scholarly journals Escherichia coli contamination of groundwater in Metro City, Lampung

2021 ◽  
Vol 277 ◽  
pp. 04001
Author(s):  
Qanza Nurul Jannah ◽  
Gita Lestari Putri
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Who Standards ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Very High

Groundwater sources are widely used to supply water for drinking and other domestic purposes in Metro City, Indonesia. The presence of Escherichia coli (E. coli) is an indicator of fecal contamination in the water source. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the level of E. coli contamination in groundwater at Metro City. The analysis was conducted on 253 households in 5 sub-districts using groundwater samples from different types of wells such as boreholes, protected wells, and unprotected wells. The E. coli concentrations were determined using the Colilert-18 method with IDEXX Quanti-Tray 2000 and the results showed the highest levels of contamination were in unprotected wells. E. coli was detected in 71% of water sources with 36% classified as very high risk or above 100 MPN (Most Probable Number)/100ml based on WHO standards. The findings, showed that the protection of water sources has the ability to reduce the risk of contamination.

scholarly journals Surveillance and Reduction Control of Escherichia coli and Diarrheagenic E. coli During the Pig Slaughtering Process in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Wang ◽  
Na Liu ◽  
Yubin Gao ◽  
Junhui Liu ◽  
Xiumei Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Current Status ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Positive Ratio ◽  
Microbiological Testing ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Very High

The microbial contamination of pork during the slaughter process, especially that of the hygiene indicator bacteria, Escherichia coli, is closely related to the safety and quality of the meat. Some diarrheagenic E. coli can cause serious foodborne diseases, and pose a significant threat to human life and health. In order to ascertain the current status of E. coli and diarrheagenic E. coli contamination during the pig slaughter process in China, we conducted thorough monitoring of large-sized slaughterhouses, as well as small- or medium-sized slaughterhouses, in different provinces of China from 2019 to 2020. The overall positive rate of E. coli on the pork surface after slaughter was very high (97.07%). Both the amount of E. coli contamination and the positive ratio of diarrheagenic E. coli in large-sized slaughterhouses (7.50–13.33 CFU/cm2, 3.44%) were lower than those in small- or medium-sized slaughterhouses (74.99–133.35 CFU/cm2, 5.71%). Combined with the current status of sanitary control in slaughterhouses, we determined that pre-cooling treatment significantly reduced E. coli and diarrheagenic E. coli in pork after slaughter, while microbiological testing reduced E. coli. Based on our monitoring data, China urgently needs to establish relevant standards to better control microbial contamination during pig slaughtering progress. This study provided a theoretical basis for the hygiene quality management of the pig slaughter industry in China.

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