Polyphenols and fatty acids responsible for anti-cyanobacterial allelopathic effects of submerged macrophyte Myriophyllum spicatum

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 993-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Nakai ◽  
G. Zou ◽  
T. Okuda ◽  
W. Nishijima ◽  
M. Hosomi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Myriophyllum Spicatum ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Fatty Acid Mixture ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Allelopathic Effects

Myriophyllum spicatum is known to inhibit the growth of cyanobacteria such as Microcystis aeruginosa by releasing anti-cyanobacterial allelochemicals. The allelochemicals possibly responsible for the inhibition include five polyphenols and three fatty acids, but the extent to which these are indeed responsible for the anti-cyanobacterial effects is unclear. The goal of this research was to determine the contribution of these compounds to the allelopathic effect of M. spicatum on M. aeruginosa. We first collected information on the release rates of these compounds and then added the compounds to a cyanobacterial medium on the basis of their release rates so as to simulate their excretion by M. spicatum. Addition of the polyphenols and fatty acids inhibited the growth of M. aeruginosa, and the interaction of the polyphenols and fatty acids was additive. The EC50 of a polyphenol and fatty acid mixture was compared with that of M. spicatum itself as previously determined in a mixed culture system in which M. spicatum and M. aeruginosa were incubated. The former was about 1.9 times higher than that of the latter, the implication being that the inhibitory effect of the polyphenols and fatty acids contributed about 53% of the allelopathic effect of M. spicatum. This paper is the first to describe allelochemicals that account for a half of the anti-cyanobacterial allelopathic effect of a macrophyte.

scholarly journals Rumen simulation technique study on the interactions of dietary lauric and myristic acid supplementation in suppressing ruminal methanogenesis

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla R. Soliva ◽  
Leo Meile ◽  
Adam Cieślak ◽  
Michael Kreuzer ◽  
Andrea Machmüller
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Myristic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Mixture ◽  
Simulation Technique ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Incubation Periods ◽  
Fibre Degradation

The interactions of lauric (C12) and myristic acid (C14) in suppressing ruminal methanogenesis and methanogens were investigated with the rumen simulation technique (Rusitec) using bovine ruminal fluid. The fatty acids were added to basal substrates (grass hay:concentrate, 1:1.5) at a level of 48 g/kg DM, provided in C12:C14ratios of 5:0, 4:1, 3:2, 2·5:2.5, 2:3, 1:4 and 0:5. Additionally, an unsupplemented control consisting of the basal substrates only was employed. Incubation periods lasted for 15 (n4) and 25 (n2) d. CH4formation was depressed by any fatty acid mixture containing at least 40 % C12, and effects persisted over the complete incubation periods. The greatest depression (70 % relative to control) occurred with a C12:C14ratio of 4:1, whereas the second most effective treatment in suppressing CH4production (60 % relative to control) was found with a ratio of 3:2. Total methanogenic counts were decreased by those mixtures of C12and C14also successful in suppressing methanogenesis, the 4:1 treatment being most efficient (60 % decline). With this treatment in particular, the composition of the methanogenic population was altered in such a way that the proportion ofMethanococcalesincreased andMethanobacterialesdecreased. Initially, CH4suppression was associated with a decreased fibre degradation, which, however, was reversed after 10 d of incubation. The present study demonstrated a clear synergistic effect of mixtures of C12and C14in suppressing methanogenesis, mediated probably by direct inhibitory effects of the fatty acids on the methanogens.

Effects of exogenous fatty acids on growth and enterotoxin B formation by Staphylococcus aureus 14458 and its membrane mutant

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Altenbern
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Mixture ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids ◽  
Enterotoxin B ◽  
Fatty Acid Mixtures

Growth and enterotoxin B (SEB) formation by Staphylococcus aureus 14458 and its membrane mutant can be depressed or stimulated by addition of graded amounts of saturated or unsaturated fatty acid mixtures. Under some conditions depression of SEB formation is separable from growth inhibition. Individual fatty acids most active in altering growth and (or) SEB production have been identified. Small amounts of unsaturated fatty acid mixture not only antagonize some effects of saturated fatty acid mixtures, but also appear to potentiate inhibition of growth and SEB formation by the saturated fatty acid mixture. 2-Adamantanone, a compound which increases cell membrane fluidity, strongly suppresses SEB formation while stimulating growth. The results are discussed in relation to possible effects of exogenous fatty acids on the composition of membrane phospholipids and attendant changes in SEB production.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of Anticancer Activity of a Fatty Acid Mixture Extracted from Hen Egg Yolks Enriched in Conjugated Linoleic Acid Diene (CLA) against WM793 Melanoma Cells

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2348
Author(s):  
Dominik Domagała ◽  
Teresa Leszczyńska ◽  
Aneta Koronowicz ◽  
Barbara Domagała ◽  
Mariola Drozdowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Mitochondrial Pathway ◽  
Fatty Acid Mixture ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Acid Mixture

The conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) diene is a biologically active compound with proven health-promoting effects. In terms of anticancer properties, it has been shown that CLA reduces the proliferation of cancer cells. In this study, it has been demonstrated that a mixture of fatty acids, isolated from chicken egg yolk enriched in CLA isomers by biofortification, reduces (by 30.5%) the proliferation of human melanoma cancer cells line WM793 to a greater extent than a mixture of fatty acids not containing these isomers. At the same time, the tested fatty acid mixtures show no effect on human normal BJ fibroblast cells. For the first time, the genes with increased expression have been identified and the proteins have been activated by the fatty acid mixture of CLA-enriched egg yolk, mainly responsible for mitochondrial pathway-dependent apoptosis.

Differential modulation of citrate synthesis and release by fatty acids in perfused working rat hearts

2004 ◽  
Vol 286 (1) ◽  
pp. H257-H266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geneviève Vincent ◽  
Bertrand Bouchard ◽  
Maya Khairallah ◽  
Christine Des Rosiers
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
High Fatty Acid ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Differential Modulation ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Pyruvate Carboxylation ◽  
Rat Hearts ◽  
And Function ◽  
Citrate Release

The objective of this study was to test the effect of increasing fatty acid concentrations on substrate fluxes through pathways leading to citrate synthesis and release in the heart. This was accomplished using semirecirculating work-performing rat hearts perfused with substrate mixtures mimicking the in situ milieu (5.5 mM glucose, 8 nM insulin, 1 mM lactate, 0.2 mM pyruvate, and 0.4 mM oleate-albumin) and 13C methods. Raising the fatty acid concentration from 0.4 to 1 mM with long-chain oleate or medium-chain octanoate resulted in a lowering (∼20%) of cardiac output and efficiency with unaltered O2 consumption. At the metabolic level, beyond the expected effects of high fatty acid levels on the contribution of pyruvate decarboxylation (reduced >3-fold) and β-oxidation (enhanced ∼3-fold) to citrate synthesis, there was also a 2.4-fold lowering of anaplerotic pyruvate carboxylation. Despite the dual inhibitory effect of high fatty acids on pyruvate decarboxylation and carboxylation, tissue citrate levels were twofold higher, but citrate release rates remained unchanged at 11–14 nmol/min, representing <0.5% of citric acid cycle flux. A similar trend was observed for most metabolic parameters after oleate or octanoate addition. Together, these results emphasize a differential modulation of anaplerotic pyruvate carboxylation and citrate release in the heart by fatty acids. We interpret the lack of effects of high fatty acid concentrations on citrate release rates as suggesting that, under physiological conditions, this process is maximal, probably limited by the activity of its mitochondrial or plasma membrane transporter. Limited citrate release at high fatty acid concentrations may have important consequences for the heart's fuel metabolism and function.

scholarly journals Evidence for the regulation of guinea-pig heart microsomal phosphatidylcholine-hydrolysing phospholipase A1 by guanosine 5′-[γ-thio]triphosphate

1992 ◽  
Vol 288 (3) ◽  
pp. 965-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Badiani ◽  
X Lu ◽  
G Arthur
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Molecular Species ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Phospholipase A1 ◽  
Guinea Pig Heart ◽  
Substrate Specificities ◽  
Rate Of Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

We have recently characterized lysophospholipase A2 activities in guinea-pig heart microsomes and postulated that these enzymes act sequentially with phospholipases A1 to release fatty acids selectively from phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine, thus providing an alternative route to the phospholipase A2 mode of release. In a further investigation of the postulated pathway, we have characterized the PC-hydrolysing phospholipase A1 in guinea-pig heart microsomes. Our results show that the enzyme may have a preference for substrates with C16:0 over C18:0 at the sn-1 position. In addition, although the enzyme cleaves the sn-1 fatty acid, the rate of hydrolysis of PC substrates with C16:0 at the sn-1 position was influenced by the nature of the fatty acid at the sn-2 position. The order of decreasing preference was C18:2 > C20:4 = C18:1 > C16:0. The hydrolyses of the molecular species were differentially affected by heating at 60 degrees C. An investigation into the effect of nucleotides on the activity of the enzyme showed that guanosine 5′-[gamma-thio]triphosphate (GTP[S]) inhibited the hydrolysis of PC by phospholipase A1 activity, whereas GTP, guanosine 5′-[beta-thio]diphosphate (GDP[S]), GDP, ATP and adenosine 5′-[gamma-thio]triphosphate (ATP[S]) did not affect the activity. The inhibitory effect of GTP[S] on phospholipase A1 activity was blocked by preincubation with GDP[S]. A differential effect of GTP[S] on the hydrolysis of different molecular species was also observed. Taken together, the results of this study suggest the presence of more than one phospholipase A1 in the microsomes with different substrate specificities, which act sequentially with lysophospholipase A2 to release linoleic or arachidonic acid selectively from PC under resting conditions. Upon stimulation and activation of the G-protein, the release of fatty acids would be inhibited.

Allelopathic Potency and an Active Substance from Hairy Vetch

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weihong Sun ◽  
Guofeng Yang ◽  
Lili Cong ◽  
Juan Sun ◽  
Lichao Ma
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Allelopathic Effects

Background: Plant allelopathy refers to the release of chemicals from plants or microorganisms into the environment, may have direct or indirect, beneficial or harmful effects on other plants or microorganisms. When plants grow in an unfavorable environment,more allelochemicals will be secreted and the expression of allelopathic effects will increase, giving plants a certain competitive advantage. Hairy vetch is one of the most promising allelopathic crops and the aqueous extract of hairy vetch has an inhibitory effect on the root length and seedling height of grass crops. The current study aimed to study the allelopathic effect of hairy vetch on alfalfa, and exploring an ecological method to remove the root system of alfalfa.Methods: In this experiment, the allelopathic effects of the seeds, stems and leaves, roots extracts and root exudates (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 mg·mL-1) on the seed germination and seedling growth of alfalfa were evaluated. And the main allelopathic substances from the stem and leaf extract were isolated and identified using high performance liquid chromatography- mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS).Result: The results showed that all of the extracts can inhibit alfalfa seed germination and seedling growth and stem and leaf extract had the strongest inhibitory effect, especially for inhibiting the root growth. A main allelochemical substance, o-coumaric acid, was screened out and the root length of alfalfa was completely inhibited at 1.6 mg·mL-1 of o-coumaric acid. The findings of these experiments show hairy vetch has strong allelopathic effect on alfalfa and o-coumaric acid is a chemical growth inhibitor.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document